Objective To investigate the effects of dexamethasone on prevention of apoptosis in pulmonary tissues of rats after simulated weightlessness. Methods Tail suspension was used to simulate weightlessness. Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: control group, tail suspension for 7 days group, and dexamethasone treatment after suspension group. TUNEL technique was used to detect cell apoptosis in pulmonary tissues. Results The rate of apoptotic cells in the lung of rats suspended for 7 day was higher than that of control group(P

Objective To investigate the effects of dexamethasone on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in pulmonary tissues of tail-suspended rats simulating weightlessness. Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: tail-suspended for 7 days (n=10) without treatment and dexamethasone treatment group (n=10). Tail-suspension was used to simulate weightlessness. The expression of iNOS in the pulmonary tissue was examined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results The results showed that the level of iNOS in the pulmonary tissue of treatment group was decreased significantly(P

Objective To study the potential role of interleukin-23(IL-23)in induction of peripheral blood natural killer(NK)cell activation and cytotoxicity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),and to investigate its clinical relevance to the pathogenesis.Methods Peripheral blood was collected from 12 healthy subjects,16 patients with Crohn's disease(CD)and 25 patients with ulcerative colitis(UC).NK cells isolated from peripheral blood using immunomagnetie beads were cultured in vitro and stimulated with IL-23 or IgG,or combination of two.Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.NK eytotoxicity to K562 cell was detected by flow cytometry.Results The levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were not increased in healthy controls under stimulation with IgG or IL-23 (P＞0.05),but they were elevated under stimulation with IgG plus IL-23(P＜0.05).IL-23,not IgG,was found tO enhance TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion in IBD patients(P＜0.05).The levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly increased in IBD patients under the stimulation of IL-23 plus lgG (P＜0.01).The cytotoxicity of NK cells in healthy controls was not observed under stimulation with IL-23 alone or IL-23 plus IgG,whereas it could be enhanced by stimulation with IL-23 in CD patients (62.4%±5.5%)and UC patients(65.3%±6.6%,P＜0.05)or with IL-23 plus IgG in CD patients (50.2%±8.7%)and UC patients(51.5%±7.1%,P＜0.01).ConclusionIL-23 plays an important role in induction of NK cell activation and cytotoxicity in IBD patients,and may be involved in development of IBD.

0.05). But the determined values in the above two dose groups of Astragalus Injection were obviously lower than that in cisplatin group. There were remarkable differences.( P

AIM: To study the role of post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PHSML) drainage on the balance of angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE) and ACE2 in the kidney.METHODS:A hemorrhagic shock model was established and then fluid resuscitation was performed to the animals in shock and shock+drainage groups, and the PHMSL was drained in shock+drainage group after fluid resuscitation.After 6 h of resuscitation, the mRNA expression of ACE, ACE2, angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) and Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor (MasR), and the levels of Ang II and Ang (1-7) in the renal tissues were observed.RESULTS:Hemorrhagic shock increased the levels of ACE mRNA, AT1R mRNA and Ang II, and decreased the levels of ACE2 mRNA, MasR mRNA and Ang(1-7) in the kid-ney.PHSML drainage abolished the effect of hemorrhagic shock on ACE2 and AT1R mRNA expression.Meanwhile, PHSML drainage reduced the hemorrhagic shock-induced increases in the ratios of ACE/ACE2, Ang II/Ang(1-7) and AT1R/MasR.CONCLUSION:The PHSML drainage restores the balance of ACE/ACE2, which is beneficial to alleviate acute kidney injury following hemorrhagic shock in the mice.

Objective To investigate the effects of acarbose versus fenofibrate on insulin secretion and insulin resistance in the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and hypertriglyceridemia. Methods Eighty subjects were allocated to acarbose group (28 cases),fenofibrate group (30 cases),and control group (22 cases) without intervention for 3 months,and also divided into elderly (46 cases) and younger groups (34 cases). Fasting blood samples were collected for measuring fasting plasma glucose and lipid.Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were carried out with measurement of plasma insulin and glucose before ad after treatment.Early insulin secretion indexes(△I30/△G30),insulin secretion indexes (HOMA -β) and insulin resistance indexes (HOMA-IR)were calculated. Results After 3-months of treatment,the lipid profile was evidently improved in fenofibrate group. Levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were significantly reduced ( both P ＜ 0.01 ),△I30/△G30 was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05) and HOMA-IR was decreased (P＜＜0.01).In acarbose group,levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2hours postprandial plasma glucose (2 hPG) and HOMA-IR were reduced (all P＜0.01),△I30/△G30 and HOMA-β were enhanced (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).No change of above indicators was found in the control group.Compared with fenofibrate group,acarbose group had higher △ I30/△G30 (P＜ 0.05),HOMA-β (P＜ 0.01 ) and lower HOMA-IR ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The improvement of △△I30/△G30 was correlated with the decreasing of plasma FPG,2 hPG and TG(r=0.5812,0.6327,0.3872,P＜0.01),while HOMA-1R was related with the decreasing of plasma 2 hPG,TG and TC(r=0.8126,0.4671,0.2895,P＜ 0.01). HOMA-IR,△I30/△G30 and HOMA-β were lower (P＜0.01) and acarbose improved insulin resistance better (P＜0.05) in the elderly than in the younger with type 2 diabetes. Conclusions Pancreatic β-cell function declines gradually with aging,acarbose may have advantage over fenofibrate in improving early insulin secretion and resistance which was more relieved by diminishing glucotoxity in comparison with lipotoxity.

Objective To provide information support for military medical service drilling with actual arms in field medical clinic. Methods The local netwok was built based on Intranet mode for military medical service. A distributed wartime military medical service information system was developed. The long-range consultation was carried through a consultation vehicle. The field medical clinic information system was integrated with No.1 Military Medical Project. Results The system has been used in drilling with actual arms of field medical clinic for three years. Conclusion The result shows that the system can satisfy the need of information management of field medical clinic and enhanced the efficiency of management greatly.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the menarcheal age of female junior middle school students in Tianjin and associated factors, providing suggestions for further development of adolescence education on physiological and mental health. Methods: A total of 4 127 junior middle school girls in Tianjin area were selected by stratified random sampling method, and investigated by the method of physical examination and questionnaire survey, results were analyzed. Results: There were 1 383 girls reported menarche. Mean age at menarche was(12.68±1.19) years old; One-way ANOVA showed that girls with higher family income, higher parental education had earlier menarcheal age(F=4.97, 9.52, 10.64, P<0.05). It showed that the tendency that obesity group and over-weight group was higher in the rate of menarche than that of normal group and marasmus group(F=4.20, P<0.05). However, different time on watching TV, computer or celephone and sleeping was found to be unrelated with age at menarche(P>0.05). Kruskal Wallis H test showed that girls whose mothers’ AAM was earlier had earlier menarcheal age(H=82.94, P<0.05). According to age, girls were divided into groups of 10-11, 11-12, 12-13 and 13-14 years old. Girls in each age group were divided into the menstruation menarche group and the non-menstruation menarche group. The results showed that the levels of height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and the skin fold thickness in menstruation group were higher than those in non-menstruation group(t=2.18-10.93, P<0.05). After that, girls of each group were divided into four group：marasmus group, the normal group, the over-weight group and the obesity group according to BMI(χ2=34.66，13.37，11.09，12.60,P<0.05). Conclusion Female junior middle school students’ menarcheal age in Tianjin is related to family income, parents’education, mother’s age at menarche, obesity and physical exercise frequency.

OBJECTIVETo survey the current status of pubertal development of Chinese children and to compare the precocious puberty prevalence of different regions.

METHODSA cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted on 18 707 children and adolescents aged 6≊18 y with male/female ratio of 9 812/8 895 from 6 representative geographical areas in China, including Beijing, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Chongqing and Nanning. The height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference(HC) and sexual maturation states (Tanner stages: breast stages for girls and testicular volume for boys) of children and adolescents were measured. Probit analysis was used to calculate the median age and 95% confidence interval (CI) for onset of breast and testicular development. The prevalence of precocious puberty of different regions and BMI, waist circumference of different groups were compared.

RESULTSBreast development before 8 y was observed in 2.91% of girls, and testicular volume 4 ml or more before 9 y was observed in 1.74% of boys. The median age of onset of Tanner stages 2 for breast development in girls was 9.69 y (95% CI: 9.63≊ 9.75); the median age of onset of puberty as indicated by Tanner stages 2 for testicular development in boys was 11.25 y (95%CI:11.19≊ 11.30). The prevalence of precocious puberty (43 girls and 37 boys) was 0.43% (80/18 707). The prevalence of precocious puberty in northern region was higher than that in southwest region (0.736% compared with 0.282% P<0.05). There was no difference in onset age of precocious puberty in girls among three regions; but the onset age of precocious puberty in boys was earlier in east China [(7.4±0.28)y]. The SD values of BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (W/H) in precocious puberty children were higher than those in the peer normal children. There was no difference in BMI,waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio in the precocious puberty children among different regions.

CONCLUSIONThe current diagnostic criteria of precocious puberty are suitable for the children in the survey areas. The prevalence and the onset age of precocious puberty are various in different regions. A positive association between obesity and precocious puberty is found both in boys and girls.

Adolescent ; Age of Onset ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; complications ; Prevalence ; Puberty, Precocious ; complications ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Sexual Development

Objective:To observe the changes of serum micro-inflammatory and nutritional status in elderly peritoneal dialysis patients after treatment with bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria, and the impact of Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria treatment on the endpoint.Methods:Totally 180 elderly patients receiving peritoneal dialysis were divided into control group and observation group, with 90 cases in each.Both groups were treated on the basis of the routine treatment, the observation group was treated with oral Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria for twelve months.Before treatment, 6 months and 12 months after treatment, fasting venous blood from the patients in the two groups were collected in the morning.The levels of serum micro-inflammatory indexes[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8), C-reactive protein(CRP)]were detected by ELISA.The nutritional status and dialysis adequacy indexes[nutritional status: albumin(ALB), hemoglobin(Hb), transferrin(TRF), prealbumin(PA), calcium ion, phosphorus ion; indicators of dialysis adequacy: serum creatinine(Scr), blood uric acid(BUA), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), cystatin C(Cys-c)levels]were detected by automatic blood biochemical analyzer.After 24 months of follow-up, the occurrence of endpoint events(peritonitis, abdominal pain, malnutrition, abdominal infection, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents)in the two groups was recorded.Results:After 24 months of treatment, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and CRP in the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the observation group was lower than control group[(25.7±4.0)μg/L vs.(33.6±6.0)μg/L, (2.9±0.7)ng/L vs.(4.9±1.2)ng/L, (17.0±7.2)ng/L vs.(22.8±7.9)ng/L, (4.6±0.7)mg/L vs.(6.9±1.2)mg/L]( t=10.272, 13.134, 5.040, 15.575, respectively, P<0.05 for all). After 24 months of treatment, the levels of ALB, Hb, TRF, PA and calcium ion of the two groups were higher than before treatment, and the levels of phosphorus ion were lower than before treatment, and the changes of the above indicators in observation group were more obvious than those in the control group[(45.7±5.2)g/L vs.(39.8±4.9)g/L, (72.7±8.0)g/L vs.(68.6±9.0)g/L, (4.3±1.0)g/L vs.(3.0±0.6)g/L, (321.5±29.0)mg/L vs.(297.6±25.1)mg/L, (4.9±1.3)mmol/L vs.(2.9±0.9)mmol/L, (1.3±0.9)/L vs.(1.8±0.3 mmol/L)]( t=7.737, 3.213, 9.880, 5.9 00, 11.937, 4.415, P<0.05 for all). There was no significant difference in intestinal flora between the two groups before treatment( P>0.05). After 24 months, an increase was observed in Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in both groups, while Enterobacteria and Enterococcus in both groups were decreased, and the changes of the above indicators in the observation group were also more obvious than those in the control group[(8.4±0.9)IgCFU/g ratio(6.4±0.9)IgCFU/g, (8.8±1.3)IgCFU/g ratio(7.9±1.3)IgCFU/g, (7.1±0.9)IgCFU/g ratio(8.0±1.1)IgCFU/g, (5.4±0.7)IgCFU/g ratio(6.9±0.9)IgCFU/g]( t=14.248, 4.339, 5.825, 12.753, P<0.05 for all). There was no significant difference in dialysis adequacy index between the two groups before treatment( P>0.05 for all). After 24 months of treatment, the levels of Scr, BUA, BUN and Cys-C in both groups decreased, and those of the observation group were lower than those of the control group[(471.5±50.5)μmol/L vs.(623.3±62.6)μmol/L, (17.5±0.5)mmol/L vs.(20.6±1.8)mmol/L, (16.4 ± 3.0)mmol/L vs.(22.5±2.0)mmol/L, (1.9±0.5)mg/L vs.(3.0±0.7)mg/L]( t=17.877, 14.976, 15.842, 11.749, P<0.05 for all). The incidence of endpoint events in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(12.2% vs.2.2%, t=6.574, P<0.05 for all). Conclusions:After the treatment of Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria in elderly peritoneal dialysis patients, the micro-inflammatory state of the patients was reduced, the nutritional status was improved, and the incidence of endpoint events was low, and has high clinical promotion and application value.