The coding and filing of pathologic diagnoses have been heavy tasks; however with the availability of inexpensive microcomputer, a system may be developed that permits storage and retrieval to be performed efficiently. With Apple II(R) computer system and SNOP coding, a simple program using dBASE-II and QUICKCODE computer program can be created to include the following informations: accession number, chart number, sex and age of patients and 2 diagnosis codes. Once SNOP coding is carried out by medical staff, a secretary or clerk can enter the informations into the microcomputer. Data may be searched on any combination of the above parameters.

No abstract available.
Meningitis*

No abstract available.
Blood Glucose* ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histologic difference that occured after trichloroacetic acid(TCA) chemical peel in an animal model that was pretreated with Tretinoin alone or Tretinoin-based combined pretreatment kit. Eight Hartley white guinea pigs were used in our study. The dorsal skin of the guinea pigs was divided into six equal squares(2x2 cm). Upper two areas of these six were not pretreated, middle two areas were pretreated for 4 weeks with Tretinoin alone and lower two areas were pretreated for 4 weeks with Tretinoin-based combined kit. Each guinea pig underwent chemical peel with 50% TCA. The wounded areas were biopsied at post-peeling 3 weeks and 6 weeks. The histology revealed that those animals pretreated with combined kit healed quicker than the animals pretreated with Tretinoin alone. This study implies that if patients are treated with Tretinoin-based-combined pretreatment kit before undergoing chemical peel, the pretreatment time will be shortened.
Animals ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Skin ; Tretinoin* ; Wounds and Injuries

Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx is a distinct and uncommon variant of well-differentiated squamous cell-carcinoma. The authors hybridized in situ a case of laryngeal verrucous carcinoma with DNA prebes to humman papillomavirus (HPV) 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35. The DNAs from the verrucous carcinoma of larynx hybridized with mixed DNA probes HPV-16/18 and 31/33/35. In addition, there was an evidence of HPV infection based on hybridization with mixed DNA probe HPV-6/11 in the adjacent papilloma tissue. By in situ DNA hybridization techniques, we clearly demonstrated human papillomavirus (HPV-16/18, and 31/33/35) related sequences in this neoplasm. These findings suggest the role of HPV-6/11 in the development of laryngeal papilloma ad HPV-16/18 and 31/33/35 probably on the progression to verrucous carcinoma.
Humans

No abstract available.
Wilms Tumor*

PURPOSE: Monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCPs) are important cytokines that involved in cellular activation and releasing of inflammatoy mediators by basophils and eosinophils in allergic disease. Some MCP gene variants implicate in asthma and monoclonal antibody for MCP-3 blocks allergic inflammations in the patients with asthma. Detection of interactions between gene and environment or between genes for complex disease such as asthma is important. We searched for an evidence of genetic effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MCP genes as well as gene - gene interactions involved in asthma. METHODS: Four hundreds asthmatics and four hundreds normal controls were enrolled. Asthma was defined as a positive bronchodilator response or positive methacholine provocation test with compatible clinical symptoms. Seven MCP gene SNPs (2 SNPs in MCP-1, 1 in MCP-2, and 4 in MCP-3) were included. Association analyses between SNP and asthma, and the tests for gene - gene interaction were performed. RESULTS: Strong linkage disequilibria were found among 7 MCP gene polymorphisms. There was no SNP that showed a significant association with asthma among 7 SNPs of 3 MCP genes. No haplotype was associated with asthma, either. The combination of MCP1-2518G>A, MCP2+46A>C, and MCP3+563C>T was the best predictive model for asthma as compared to the control in tests for gene - gene interaction. The MCP1-2518G>A and MCP2+46A>C was the second best predictive combination and this had the highest synergistic interaction effect on the subject's status than any other combination of polymorphisms. Complete linkages were not associated with the gene - gene interactions models. CONCLUSIONS: MCP gene polymorphisms probably interact with each other; thus, these findings may help in developing a possible genetic marker to predict asthma.
Asthma* ; Basophils ; Cytokines ; Eosinophils ; Genetic Markers ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Methacholine Chloride ; Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

PURPOSE: Monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCPs) are important cytokines that involved in cellular activation and releasing of inflammatoy mediators by basophils and eosinophils in allergic disease. Some MCP gene variants implicate in asthma and monoclonal antibody for MCP-3 blocks allergic inflammations in the patients with asthma. Detection of interactions between gene and environment or between genes for complex disease such as asthma is important. We searched for an evidence of genetic effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MCP genes as well as gene - gene interactions involved in asthma. METHODS: Four hundreds asthmatics and four hundreds normal controls were enrolled. Asthma was defined as a positive bronchodilator response or positive methacholine provocation test with compatible clinical symptoms. Seven MCP gene SNPs (2 SNPs in MCP-1, 1 in MCP-2, and 4 in MCP-3) were included. Association analyses between SNP and asthma, and the tests for gene - gene interaction were performed. RESULTS: Strong linkage disequilibria were found among 7 MCP gene polymorphisms. There was no SNP that showed a significant association with asthma among 7 SNPs of 3 MCP genes. No haplotype was associated with asthma, either. The combination of MCP1-2518G>A, MCP2+46A>C, and MCP3+563C>T was the best predictive model for asthma as compared to the control in tests for gene - gene interaction. The MCP1-2518G>A and MCP2+46A>C was the second best predictive combination and this had the highest synergistic interaction effect on the subject's status than any other combination of polymorphisms. Complete linkages were not associated with the gene - gene interactions models. CONCLUSIONS: MCP gene polymorphisms probably interact with each other; thus, these findings may help in developing a possible genetic marker to predict asthma.
Asthma* ; Basophils ; Cytokines ; Eosinophils ; Genetic Markers ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Methacholine Chloride ; Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to estimate the economical impacts of surgical site infection (SSI) after general surgeries. METHODS: A prospective study was performed with the surgeries from September to December, 2002 and the SSI cases were collected based on the definitions of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, The length of stay (LOS) and the hospital charge for the SSI group were compared with the non-SSI (NSSI) group by a matched cohort study for age, sex, operation procedure, and NNIS risk groups. RESULTS: There were 1,007 cases of surgeries and the 52 cases of SSI and the 26 cases have been matched. The LOS of the SSI group was 5.2 days longer than that of the NSSI group (P<0.05) which was significant, The injection and dressing meal, and total hospital charge were \157,562, \72,251, and \2,153,964 more in SSI group than those of NSSI group (P<0,05) for post-operation stay. The charge of medication and room in SSI group were \558,146 and \723,114 more than those of the NSSI group, but there were no significant difference. CONCLUSION: The SSI could increase the LOS and the hospital charge; therefore, this economic loss had an impact on the hospitals as well as the patients. To estimate the economic impacts of SSI precisely, however, further studies are needed to analyze and control other factors for the cost such as a type of surgery. In addition, the scope and setting of cost analysis should be expanded into the aspects of an individual, the hospital, and society.
Bandages ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Cohort Studies ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Hospital Charges ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Meals ; Prospective Studies

The effect of melatonin on morphological changes after ischemia-reperfusion injury was investigated in rat skeletal muscle. Dimethyl-sulfoxide(DMSO) was also tested for comparison. Muscle injury was evaluated in 4 groups as a single laparotomy group(control), ischemia-reperfusion group, DMSO group, melatonin group. Left hind limb ischemia was induced for 4 hours by vascular clamping of the common femoral artery and followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. The midportion of gastrocnemius muscle was taken for histological evaluation. In light microscopic study, ischemia-reperfusion group showed severe neutrophil infiltration, interstitial edema, and partial loss or degeneration of muscle fibers. The muscle tissue of melatonin group showed relatively normal architecture with mild inflammatory cell infiltration. In electron microscopic study, dilated cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum, dilated mitochondria with electron loose matrix and dilated cristae, disordered or loss of myofilament, indistinct A-band and I-band, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, and markedly decreased glycogen granules were observed in ischemia-reperfusion group. But relatively well maintained A-band, I-band, Z-line, M-line, and mildly dilated mitochondria with well preserved cristae were observed in melatonin group. The DMSO group showed intermediately attenuated ultrastructural changes. The results show that melatonin improves morphologically ischemia-reperfusion injury more effectively than DMSO. In conclusion, melatonin seems to be a promising agent that can salvage the skeletal muscle from severe ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Animals ; Constriction ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Edema ; Extremities ; Femoral Artery ; Glycogen ; Ischemia ; Laparotomy ; Melatonin* ; Mitochondria ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Myofibrils ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Rats* ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ; Vacuoles