A retrospective analysis of 29 patients with glottic cancer, treated at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital. 97% of the patients was male. Of the 29 patients, stage T1N0M0 comprised 31%, T2N0M0 52%, and stage T3N0M0 14%. Local control rate with radical readiotherapy was 78% for stage T1N0M0, 60% for stage T2N0M0, and 50% for stage T3N0M0. 57% of the patients with the radiation failure was salvaged by surgery. The overall 3 year survival rate was 89% for the T1N0M0, 80% for stage T2N0M0, and 50% for stage T1N0M0, Among the survivors : 88% of T1N0M0, 75% of T2N0M0, and 50% T3N0M0 had an intact larynx and natural voice. It is concluded that radiotherapy is a highly effective method as the primary treatment of the early glottic cancer, emphasized on preserving of the larynx and natural voice.
Humans ; Larynx ; Male ; Radiation Oncology ; Radiotherapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Survival Rate ; Survivors ; Voice

No abstract available.

In a jaundiced patient, it is important to ascertain as early as possible whether the bile duct is dilated. Ultrasonography, computed tomography & conventional cholangiography are widely accepted methods of determining the size of the extrahepatic bile ducts. But there is a considerable discrepancy among the size of the bile duct as measured from them. So the author analyzed and compared the respective diameters of the bile ducts in Korean normal adults as measured from cadaver, IV cholangiography, ultrasoud and computed tomography. The materials were 45 cases of cadaver, 38 cases of IV cholangiography, 100 cases of ultrasonography & 55 cases of computed tomography. The results were as follows ; 1. The diameters of the bile ducts were 7.58±2.26mm at CHD & 8.04±2.42mm at CBD from cadaver ; 5.38±1.90mm at CHD & 6.58±2.37mm at CBD from IV cholanglography ; 3.24±1.13mm at CHD & 4.71±1.48mm at CBD from ultrasonography ; and 4.56±1.51mm at CHD & 5.87±1.68mm at CBD from computed tomography. 2. The diameter of the bile duct was greatest in cadaver, and then reduced in IV cholangiography, computed tomography and ultrasonography in this orde.r 3. There were no size discrepancy between the diameter of the common hepatic duct and that of the common bile duct. 4. There were no discrepanry of the diameter of the bile duct by sex.
Adult* ; Bile Ducts* ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Bile* ; Cadaver ; Cholangiography ; Common Bile Duct ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Humans ; Ultrasonography

For the study the effects of X -ray irradiation on the development of lens and interactions between optic vesicle and lens, 200 rads X -ray irradiated to the preganat rats (Sprague -Dawley strain) on gestation day 9.5. The rats were sacrificed daily from the gestation day 10.5 to 17.5, and investigated the development of lens with light microscope. The results were as follows; 1. The survival rate of X -irradiated rat fetuses was decreased significantly compared with that of the control group. 2. The mean body weight of the X -irradiated rat fetuses was decreased significantly compared with that of the control group. 3. The congenital anomalies of the eye in the rat fetuses after X -irradiation were anophthalmia, congenital aphakia, lens aplasia, lens luxation, and coloboma of the retina. 4. The critical period of lens development of the Sprague -Dawley rats was considered from GD 9. 5 to GD 10.0. 5. In the X -irradiated rat fetuses on gestation day 9.5, optic vesicle did not developed, but lens developed independently , and moved deeply toward the forebrain vesicle. According to above results, it could be concluded that the development of lens from surface ectoderm might be independent from the inductive influence of optic vesicle, and the movement of lens toward the forebrain vesicle could be mediated by chemotactic factors secreted from the brain vesicle. Further studies are needed to reveal the mechanisms of lens development and interaction between lens and brain vesicle.
Animals ; Anophthalmos ; Aphakia ; Body Weight ; Brain ; Chemotactic Factors ; Coloboma ; Critical Period (Psychology) ; Ectoderm ; Fetus ; Pregnancy ; Prosencephalon ; Rats ; Retina ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVES: Because effective decolonization options are not available, and treatment options are limited, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) constitute increasingly threatening nosocomial pathogens. To prevent CRE-associated transmission and ensure patient safety, healthcare personnel and everyone in contact with CRE-infected patients must implement stringent infection control practices. This report describes a CRE outbreak, possibly related to a caregiver at a long-term care facility (LTCF), and presents a new surveillance model to improve the infection control of CRE in Seoul, Korea. METHODS: The Seoul Metropolitan Government surveillance system identified an outbreak of CRE in an LTCF in 2022. We obtained data on the demographic characteristics and contact histories of the inpatients, medical staff, and caregivers. To isolate the inpatients and employees exposed to CRE, we used rectal swab samples and environmental sampling during the study period (May-December 2022). RESULTS: We identified 18 cluster cases (1 caregiver and 17 inpatients) and 12 sporadic cases with CRE, and conducted a complete 197-day follow-up of all cases in the LTCF’s isolation wards. CONCLUSIONS This investigation demonstrated that our surveillance model and targeted intervention, based on the cooperation of the municipal government, public health center, and infection control advisory committee, effectively contained the epidemic at the LTCF. Measures to improve the compliance of all employees in LTCFs with infection control guidelines should also be adopted.

The inclusion of air filled cavities in treatment fields creates a potential dosimetric problem due to the rebuildup phenomenon near the air-tissue interface using a simulated phantom, such as air gap, air cylinder, and air cavity, the amount of rebuldup along the various field sizes and air cavity dimensions was measured. The results are as follows. 1. As the field size becomes larger in comparison with the cavity size, or as the cavity size gets bigger when the field size is equal to the cavity size, rebuildup decreases. 2. When the distance between the phantom surface and the air cavity is less than 1.5 cm, there is prominent rebuildup. And when the distance is more than 1.5 cm, rebuildup is relatively constant. 3. The change according to the depth of the cavity is affected by the field size and the cavity size, rebuildup usually increases when the depth of the cavity increases. 4. It is suggested that tissue equivalent material should be applied on the skin to make tissue thickness over the air cavity more than 1.5 cm and that the field size should include the air cavity with at least 1 cm margin.
Skin

X -ray irradiation induces various congenital anomalies in the human fetuses and experimental animals. The action mechanism of teratogenesis, however, still not known completely. Furthermore, the dynamics of teratogenesis according to the developmental stages are so great that complete unveiling the teratogenic action mechanism of radiation is nearly impossible. And, it is necessary to make the experimental model for the study on the damages caused by electromagnetic field, recently. In this study, the Sprague -Dawley rats were irradiated 2 Gy once on the GD 10.7, and observed the congenital anomalies of the fetuses on GD 17.5, grossly and light microscopically. The results were as follows ; 1. There was no significant difference in the survival rate between control and irradiated groups. However, mean body weight of the experimental group decreased significantly compared to control group. 2. X -irradiation -induced congenital anomalies were eye anomalies such as unilateral and/or bilateral anophthalmia, microphthalmia, and aphakia, hemorrhagic plaques on the head, tail anomalies such as short tail and curved tail, and posterior limb anomalies. 3. Posterior limb anomalies were all ecrodactyly, such as 4 -digit anomaly, 3 -digit anomaly, and cleft foot. In the sidedness of anomalies, right side showed greater dominance than left.
Animals ; Anophthalmos ; Aphakia ; Body Weight ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Extremities ; Fetus* ; Foot ; Head ; Humans ; Microphthalmos ; Models, Theoretical ; Rats* ; Survival Rate ; Tail ; Teratogenesis

PURPOSE: To determine the anatomic variations that can lead to optic nerve damage during the sugical treatment of posterior paranasal sinus lesions MATERIALS AND METHODS: two hundred optic nerves of 100 persons were examined using ostiomeatal unit CT (OMU CT). The anatomical features of this nerve and posterior paranasal sinuses were classified into four types : the optic nerve adjacent to the sphenoid sinus without indentation of the sinus wall (type 1); the optic nerve adjacent to the sphenoid sinus, causing indentation of the sinus wall (type 2); the optic nerve passing through the sphenoid sinus (type 3); and the optic nerve adjacent to the sphenoid sinus and posterior ethmoid sinus (type 4). Bony dehiscence around the optic nerve and pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process were also evaluated. RESULTS: The anatomical classification of the optic nerve and posterior paranasal sinuses was as follows : type 1, 1326 (66%); type 2, 60 (30%); type 3, 6 (3%), and type 4, 2 (1%). Bony dehiscence around the optic nerve had developed in 58 cases (29%) and pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process in 13 (6.5%). These conditions were most common in type 3 optic nerve, and second most common in type 2. CONCLUSION: The 2 and 3 optic nerve, bony dehiscence around the optic nerve and pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process are the anatomic variations that can lead to optic nerve damage during the surgical treatment of posterior paranasal sinus lesions. To prevent optic nerve damage, these factors should be carefully evaluated by OMU CT.
Classification ; Ethmoid Sinus ; Humans ; Optic Nerve* ; Paranasal Sinuses* ; Sphenoid Sinus

A carcinoid tumor of the thymus combined with thymoma in a 62-year-old man is described. The mediastinal tumor had been present for 13 years and was associated with pure red cell aplasia. Carcinoid tumor occupied the central two-thirds of the tumor, consisting of nests and trabeculae of monotonous round cells, which ultrastructurally showed many intracytoplasmic dense-core granules. Typical spindle cell type thymoma surrounded the carcinoid area. Clinico-pathologic findings of this unique case suggested that the carcinoid tumor developed within a preexisting thymoma, illustrating a possibility of neuroendocrine differentiation of thymic epithelial cells.
Carcinoid Tumor/*pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/*pathology ; Thymoma/*pathology ; Thymus Neoplasms/*pathology

No abstract available.
Dogs ; Animals