Objective To detect genetic causes of seizures and developmental retardation in 60 patients with abnormal head magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) ,and to analyze the clinical manifestations and head MRI manifestations in carriers of arylsulfatase A (ARSA) gene mutation.Methods The blood samples of children and genomic DNA were collected.Sixty cases of children with suspected metachromatic leukodystrophy were tested (MLD) by using the second generation sequencing technology.The genotype and phenotype and head MRI findings were analyzed.Results Of the 60 cases of children, 15 cases with gene mutations.There were 7 kinds of ARSA gene mutations, and 3 of them, c.1178C ＞ G, c.1055A ＞ G and c.883 G ＞ A were pathogenic.The others were single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP), which had no relationship with this disease.One of the patients carried only SNP, and 14 of them were carrying pathogenic mutation, c.1055A ＞ G (53.33％) ,c.1178C ＞ G (40.00％) were more common,and c.1055A ＞ G mutation was in 8 cases, of which 5 cases were late-onset type.One case of the 3 patients who were late infantile type was carrying c.1178C ＞ G mutation at the same time.All the eight cases had retardation.One case had hydrocephalus, and 5 cases had epilepsy.All of the 6 patients with c.1178C ＞ G were late-infantile type, and had retardation, including 4 cases of epilepsy, c.883G ＞ A mutation in 1 case,was late-infantile type,and the first symptom was binaural deafness and mental retardation.Three different types of mutations showed no significant difference in brain MRI.Conclusions There are 14 patients who were diagnosed as MLD.c.1178C ＞ G and c.883G ＞ A were late infantile type,and c.1055A ＞G was mostly late-onset type.The changes in head MRI caused by different types of ARSA gene mutations were of no significant differences in performance.

AIM:To explore the relationship and molecular mechanism between microRNA-21(miR-21) and Schwann cells ( SC) following peripheral nerve injury.METHODS: The mRNA expression of miR-21 and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten ( PTEN) in animal model were detected by real-time PCR.The over-ex-pression of miR-21 and inhibition of miR-21 expression in the Schwann cells according to transfection of lentiviral vectors were performed, the nonspecific miRNA was used as a negative control ( NC) .The cell apoptosis was measured by flow cy-tometry.The mRNA expression of miR-21 and PTEN in the cells was detected by real-time PCR.The protein expression of PTEN and cleaved caspase-3 was determined by Western blot.RESULTS: The level of miR-21 was significantly higher and the mRNA level of PTEN was significantly lower in the model of nerve injury than those in control group.miR-21 over-expression decreased the number of apoptotic Schwann cells compared with NC-SC.The mRNA expression of PTEN was down-regulated by over-expression of miR-21.The protein expression of PTEN and cleaved caspase-3 was down-regulated by over-expression of miR-21 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: miR-21 may play an important role in the peripheral nerve injury through inhibiting apoptosis of Schwann cells by down-regulating the expression of PTEN.

AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanism of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in the regulation of Schwann cell proliferation following nerve injury.METHODS:The expression of miR-2l was detected by real-time PCR. Synthetic miR-21 mimic and its control were transfected into rat Schwann cells.CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate the influence of miR-21 on the proliferation of Schwann cells.The cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. The expression of transforming growth factorβ-induced protein ( TGFBI) and cyclin D1 were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS:The expression of miR-21 in model group was 7.87 ±0.75 and 7.75 ±0.80 times higher than that in sham operation group and blank group respectively.After transfected with miR-21 mimic, the expression of miR-21 in experimen-tal group was 2.21 ±0.14 and 2.29 ±0.21 times higher than that in negative control group and blank group respectively. Moreover, the A450 value of CCK-8 assay in experimental group at 48 h was higher than that in negative control group and blank group.The proliferation index in experimental group was higher than that in negative control group and blank group. At the same time, the expression of TGFBI obviously decreased and the cyclin D1 increased in the Schwann cells 48 h after transfection with miR-21.CONCLUSION:miR-21 promotes the proliferation activity of Schwann cells by down-regulating TGFBI expression.

Objective:To evaluate the influence of delayed application of mixed self-etching bonding agent on the tensile bond strength.Methods:Two "two-bottle,one-step" self-etching adhesives,Adper Prompt and Xeno III,were evaluated.The occlusal enamel of human third molar was cut out and the exposed dentin surface was divided in two halves by a 1 mm deep groove in the labial-lingual orientation to allow for evaluation of immediate application and delayed application(0.5,1,2,3,4,5 and 6 h) of mixed self-etching bonding agent in the same specimen,followed by composite resin built-up on the adhesive.The bonded specimens were sectioned into beams of approximately 0.9 mm2 and subsequently subjected to micro-tensile bond strength testing at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min.Results:The specimens bonded with the Adper Prompt within 5 h after mixing showed no different and that with the Xeno III within 3 h after mixing showed no different.Conclusion:The effective period for "two-bottle,one-step" self-etching adhesives after mixing is limited.Different bonding agents have different effective periods.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the formula and the preparation method of ZnO Lotion so as to make it more adaptable to the clinical needs. METHODS: Adjust the previous dosage of menthol and ethanol and the preparation method was shifted to wet-sifting from trituration. RESULTS: The improved preparation was more exquisite and more stable in quality yet with less irritation. And the improved preparation method is more convenient in operation. CONCLUSION: The improved formula and improved preparation method are worth to be widely used.

Objective To explore the short term effects of five second-generation antipsychotics on the serum pro?lactin levels of first-episode schizophrenia patients. Methods Two hundred fifty first-episode schizophrenia patients were randomly divided into five groups and were then treated with risperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine or ziprasidone, respectively. The serum prolactin were tested at baseline, and every week following initiation of treatment. The positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) and the treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) were used to evalu?ate the effect and side effect of treatment. Results Repeated measure ANOVA for serum prolactin showed that the main effects of time, the main effect of group, and the interactive effect of time and group were significant (all P<0.01). At the first week, the serum prolactin level of risperidone group was higher than all the other four groups (P<0.05). At the sec?ond, third, fourth and fifth week, the serum prolactin level of risperidone group and olanzapine group was higher than the other three groups (P<0.05). At the end of the sixth week, the serum prolactin level of risperidone group, olanzapine group and paliperidone group was higher than the quetiapine and ziprasidone groups (P<0.05). But serum prolactin level of risperidone group and olanzapine group was higher than that of paliperidone group (P<0.05). The changes of PANSS before and after treatment were significantly different among groups (P<0.05). However, the incidence of the side effects was not significantly different among groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The level of serum prolactin gradually increases in schizophrenia patients receiving treatment of antipsychotics. The short term effects of different second generation antipsy?chotics on serum prolactin vary differently. Risperidol and olanzapine result in the elevation of serum prolactin level in the early period of treatment.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) on growth of glioma in rats and its possible mechanism. Methods: The rats were divided into LBP A group, LBP B group, LBP C group, LBP D group, LBP E group and F group (control group) to be fed with 400, 200, 100, 50 and 25 mg · kg-1 · d-1 LBP and drinking water, respectively. The model of rat C6 glioma in situ was established through surgery. The survival of the glioma-bearing rats was observed, and the tumor volume was examined. The percentage of CD3+CD8+T cells in rat blood was detected by FCM method. The expressions of CD3 and CD8 in glioma tissues in rats were detected by immunohistochemistry. After injection of Evans blue solution through femoral vein, the effect of LBP on the permeability of blood-brain barrier in rats was observed, and the change of ultrastructure of brain tissues was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The expressions of CD8 and annexin A1 (ANXA1) mRNAs and ANXA1 protein in glioma tissues in rats were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results: The survival of glioma-bearing rats in LBP A, LBP B and LBP C groups was superior to that in F group (all P < 0.05). The tumor volume of glioma-bearing rats in LBP A, LBP B and LBP C groups was smaller than that in F group (all P < 0.05). The percentage of CD3+CD8+T cells in blood of glioma-bearing rats in LBP C group was higher than that in F group [(18.9± 1.4)% vs (11.5±0.7)%, P < 0.01]. The number of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells in glioma tissues in rats in LBP C group was higher than that in F group (both P < 0.01). The amount of Evans blue solution into the brain tissues in LBP C group was increased, the capillary endothelial cells were shrinkable, and the basement membrane was uneven with partial fracture. The expression level of CD8 mRNA in glioma tissues in rats was up-regulated (P < 0.01), whereas the expression levels of ANXA1 mRNA and protein were down-regulated (both P < 0.01). Conclusion: LBPs can inhibit the growth of glioma and prolong the survival of glioma-bearing rats. The mechanism may be related to the inhibitory effect of LBPs on the growth of tumor by regulating the blood-brain barrier and promote the invasion of CD8+T cells into the brain.

Objective To explore the mechanism of the rat hyperplasia suppressor gene (rHSG) inhibited proliferation in C6 rat glioma cells. Methods C6 cells were cultured in vitro and transduced with the adenovirus vector which carried rHSG gene (Adv-rHSG-GFP). The transduction efficiency of adenovirus vector was measured by inverted microscope and flow cytometry in C6 cells. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the C6 cells cycle. Western blot was adopted to test the change of rHSG protein expression, the protein of cancer suppressor gene P53, cell cycle control protein of P21cip1, phosphorylation and non-phosphorylation retinoblastoma proteins (p-Rb, Rb). Results The adenovirus can insert the target gene into the genome of C6 target cell efficiently. The expression level of rHSG protein of Adv-rHSG-GFP group is obviously higher than that of PBS Group and Adv-GFP group. Meanwhile, the over-expressed C6 cells of rHSG that arrest in G0/G1 phase are largely increased (P < 0.01). Besides, there is a large increase in the protein expression of P53 and P21cip1 (P < 0.01), decrease in the expression of p-Rb (P < 0.01) and no significant change in the expression of Rb (P < 0.05). Conclusion rHSG might inhibit the proliferation of C6 rat glioma cells through P53-P21cip1 pathway.

Objective To evaluate the effect of electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor muscles combined with bladder training on urinary dysfunctionafter incomplete spinal cord injury.Methods Sixty-two incomplete spinal cord injury patients who had received an operation between November 2009 and December 2014 were enrolled and divided randomly into a control group (n=32) and a treatment group (n =30).Both groups were treated with conventional intermittent catheterization,while the treatment group was additionally given electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor muscles combined with bladder training.The residual urine volume was recorded before and after the treatment.Uurodynamic examinations were conducted,and the rate of successful catheter extraction and of urinary tract infection on the 15th and 30th day of treatment,were recorded and analyzed.Results All of the patients were followed-up for an average of 18.5 months.Significant improvement was observed in the residual urine volume,the maximum or average urinary flow rate,and the detrusor pressure at peak flow of both groups.However,at the end of follow-up the treatment group recorded significantly better results on all these measures than the control group.The successful catheter extraction rate of the treatment group (96.7％) was significantly higher than that of the control group and their average number of catheterization days was significantly fewer.The urinary tract infection rates on the 15th and 30th day of treatment were 16.7％ and 6.7％ in the treatment group,significantly lower than in the control group.Conclusions Electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor combined with bladder training significantly improves urination function after an operation for incomplete spinal cord injury,decreases the days of catheterization and lowers the rate of urinary tract infection.Such combined therapy is worth promoting in clinical practice.

Objective To assess the value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)map with low b-value to monitor the ablated tissue after high-intensity focused ultrasonic (HIFU)treatment for uterine fibroids.Methods 25 patients with 34 uterine fibroids were treated with HIFU.All patients underwent the routine MRI scans (including pre-and post-contrast scanning)and monoexponential model DWI with b values of 150,600 and 1 000 s/mm2 before the surgery and within 24 hours after the surgery.The mean ADC values with different b-values of the ablated and non-ablated tissues between pre-and post-treatment were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test.The consistency of the ablation area between ADC maps with different b-values and contrast enhancement MRI were evaluated. Results With the b-value of 150 s/mm2 ,the mean ADC value of the ablated tissue was (1.48±0.27)×10-3 mm2/s,which was less significantly than that of pre-treatment (2.06±0.21)×10-3 mm2/s and non-ablated tissue (1.98±0.23)×10-3 mm2/s (P<0.05). However,there were no significant differences in ADC values with the b values of 600 s/mm2 and 1 000 s/mm2 among those areas (P>0.05).A fine consistency of the ADC map with the low b-value (150 s/mm2 )was found with non-perfusion volume on contrast-enhanced T1 WI,which was superior to that with high b-values (600 s/mm2 and 1 000 s/mm2 )(P<0.05).Conclusion ADC map with low b-value (150 s/mm2 )can be used to evaluate the blood-supply changes and ablated volume of uterine fibroids indirectly,which helps to assess the treatment effect of HIFU.