Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of 0.01% atropine eye drops in the control of myopia progression in Chinese children with myopia.Methods:A prospective non-randomized controlled study was performed.The 152 myopic children aged 6 to 14 years were enrolled from June to October in 2016 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, the subjects wore single-vision spectacle lenses (SV) to correct refractive errors and were divided into two groups: the eyes in the atropine group ( n=72) were treated with one drop of 0.01% atropine eye drops before sleep; the eyes in the simple SV group ( n=80) only wore SV.Repeated measurements of refractive power and axial length were performed at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 months after treatment.Discomfort symptoms were also observed.Informed consent was provided according to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Results:After 12 months of treatment, the progression of myopia in the atropine group was (0.46±0.42)D, which was significantly lower than (0.70±0.42)D in the simple SV group ( t=5.479, P<0.001). The increase of axial length in the atropine group was (0.36±0.21)mm, which was significantly lower than (0.46±0.41)mm in the simple SV group ( t=9.883, P=0.004). The proportions of myopia progressed more than 0.50 D per year were 45%(28/70)and 28%(19/80) in the atropine group and simple SV group, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=7.582, P=0.035). In the atropine group, photophobia appeared in 16 cases (22.9%), and was gradually relieved.Allergy was observed in 1 case and disappeared after atropine withdrawal. Conclusions:Application of 0.01% atropine eye drops can effectively control the progression of myopia and have few discomfort symptom in Chinese myopic children.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of 0.01% and 0.02% atropine eye drops on myopia development in adolescents.Methods:A randomized controlled double-blind study was carried out.Two hundred and eighty myopic adolescents (280 eyes) with spherical equivalent (SE) from -1.25 to -6.0 D were enrolled in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2016 to June 2017.All the subjects wore full-correction single vision spectacle lenses before topical administration of atropine eye drops.The subjects were randomly divided into 0.01% atropine group (142 eyes) and 0.02% atropine group (138 eyes) according to the random number table method.Atropine 0.01% or 0.02% eye drops was topically used in the test eye once per night according to grouping, and the related parameters of the right eyes were collected for data analysis.The subjects were followed up at the 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th month following administration.The SE was measured with an autorefractor to evaluate the refractive change.The anterior chamber depth, corneal curvature and axial length (AL) were measured with an IOLMaster.The adverse responses of atropine eye drops were investigated via a questionnaire.This study protocol adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by an Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2016-35). Written informed consent was obtained from subjects and their guardian prior to entering the cohort.Results:The follow-up rate of 0.01% atropine group was 83.8%, and the follow-up rate of 0.02% atropine group was 84.8% at the end of following-up.SE and AL increased by (-0.47±0.32)D and (0.37±0.20)mm in 0.01% atropine group, and (-0.38±0.35)D and (0.30±0.17)mm in 0.02% atropine groups during the following-up, respectively, showing statistically significant differences between two groups ( P=0.040, 0.004). After adjusting age, body mass index and baseline SE, the analysis by generalized additive mixed model showed that the increase rate of SE was -0.039 D/month and -0.032 D/month in 0.01% and 0.02% atropine group, respectively ( Pinteraction=0.041). After adjusting age, body mass index and baseline AL, the analysis of mixed effect model showed that the increase rate of AL was 0.031 mm/month and 0.025 mm/month in 0.01% and 0.02% atropine group, respectively ( Pinteraction=0.032). In 0.01% and 0.02% atropine groups, 32 cases (26.9%) and 33 cases (28.2%) occurred photophobia from 1st to 4th week during administration, and 7 cases (5.9%) and 7 cases (6.0%) appeared near-vision blur from 2nd to 4th week.Allergic response occurred in 0.01% atropine group at 1 month of treatment, and the symptom disappeared after interruption of the medication for two days. Conclusions:The incidence of adverse resoponses of 0.01% and 0.02% atropine eye drops is similar.Atropine 0.02% eye drops is more effective in controlling myopia progression.

Objective:To explore the correlation between the index of hemodynamics in perinatal period and retinopathy of prematurity(ROP), so as to provide basis for the better prevention and treatment of ROP.Methods:From May 2017 to April 2019, the preterm infants were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University at birth and were hospitalized for more than 2 weeks, gestational age ≤ 35 weeks and birth weight ≤ 2 500 g. They were selected as the study objects.The perinatal data including heart rate, blood pressure, patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, and NT-proBNP level on the 1 st, 7 th and 14 th day, respectively after birth were collected.They were divided into ROP group and non ROP group according to the results of the retinopathy screening report.The influencing factors of ROP were screened out by univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis. Results:A total of 1 119 subjects were included, 105 infants with ROP were detected, and the prevalence of ROP was 9.4%.Among them, 12 cases of pre-threshold lesion type 1 and threshold lesions required treatment, accoun-ting for 1.07% of screened preterm infants .Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis revealed that gestational age, birth weight, total oxygen therapy time, and intrauterine growth restriction were all factors affecting ROP, and 2 hemodynamic related indicators, such as the level of NT-proBNP in plasma on the 14 th day after birth, and placenta previa or abruption were also related to ROP( OR=0.604, 0.647, 1.276, 2.361, 1.688 and 2.506, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The hemodynamic changes in perinatal period may be involved in the formation of ROP, and it is necessary to further clarify its mechanism.

AIM: To explore the variance in efficacy between botulinum toxin A(BTA)injection and extraocular muscle surgery in managing large-angle(≥+60 PD)acute acquired concomitant esotropia(AACE).METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 60 patients with AACE treated at our hospital from June 2020 to December 2022. Patients were divided into three groups based on different treatments: 2.5 IU BTA injection group(14 cases), 5.0 IU BTA injection group(29 cases), and surgical group(17 cases). Follow-up was conducted for 6 mo after treatment to observe the degree of strabismus after the correction of refractive error, visual function, treatment effectiveness, and occurrence of complications after BTA injection.RESULTS: At 6 mo post-treatment, the degree of strabismus in the surgical group and the 5.0 IU BTA injection group was lower than that in the 2.5 IU BTA injection group(P<0.017). However, there was no significant difference in the degree of strabismus between the surgical group and the 5.0 IU BTA injection group(P>0.017). The effective rate of the 5.0 IU BTA injection group was higher than that of the 2.5 IU BTA injection group(86% vs 43%, P<0.017). There was no difference in visual function among the three groups(P>0.05). The incidence of complications after treatment was not significantly different between the 2.5 IU BTA injection group and the 5.0 IU BTA injection group(43% vs 52%, P>0.05).CONCLUSION: For AACE patients with esotropia degree ≥+60 PD, bilateral medial rectus injection of 5.0 IU BTA can yield outcomes comparable to traditional extraocular muscle surgery, with the advantages of minimal trauma and simple and convenient operation.

Humans ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use* ; Esotropia/drug therapy* ; Neuromuscular Agents ; Injections ; Treatment Outcome ; Oculomotor Muscles

Betacoronavirus ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; Bile Acids and Salts ; metabolism ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; pathology ; virology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Coronavirus Infections ; complications ; pathology ; Cytokine Release Syndrome ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Epithelial Cells ; enzymology ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; etiology ; Liver ; pathology ; Organoids ; pathology ; virology ; Pandemics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; analysis ; Pneumonia, Viral ; complications ; pathology ; Receptors, Virus ; analysis ; Serine Endopeptidases ; analysis ; Viral Load