Objective To study the relationship of accumulated dose of anthracycline(ANTH) with the cTnT level in acute leukemia patients. Methods The cTnT levels and the accumulated dose of anthracycline (ANTH) of 88 acute leukemia patients who were treated with anthracycline in our hospital from 2004-2009 who were treated with anthracycline. All the patients were divided into two groups according to a certain cTnT level,and the each incidence of elevated cTnT was obtained. Results 8 of 37 patients who received ≥200 mg/m2 of ANTH versus 1 of 51 patients who received <200 mg/m2 of ANTH had a higher incidence of elevated cTnT (P <0.05). Conclusion Incidence of elevated cTnT increases when the ANTH reaches the certain dose.

Enzyme-driven micro/nanomotors consuming in situ chemical fuels have attracted lots of attention for biomedical applications. However, motor systems composed by organism-derived organics that maximize the therapeutic efficacy of enzymatic products remain challenging. Herein, swimming proteomotors based on biocompatible urease and human serum albumin are constructed for enhanced antitumor therapy via active motion and ammonia amplification. By decomposing urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia, the designed proteomotors are endowed with self-propulsive capability, which leads to improved internalization and enhanced penetration in vitro. As a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, the loaded l-methionine sulfoximine further prevents the conversion of toxic ammonia into non-toxic glutamine in both tumor and stromal cells, resulting in local ammonia amplification. After intravesical instillation, the proteomotors achieve longer bladder retention and thus significantly inhibit the growth of orthotopic bladder tumor in vivo without adverse effects. We envision that the as-developed swimming proteomotors with amplification of the product toxicity may be a potential platform for active cancer treatment.