Aim To explore the impact of endogenous hydrogen sulfide on pulmonary vascular structural remodeling and vasoactive peptides in rats with high pulmonary blood flow. Methods Thirty-two male SD rats, weighing 120~140 g, were randomly divided into shunt group (n=8), shunt+PPG (propargylglycine)group (n=8), control group (n=8) and control+PPG (n=8). Rats in shunt group and shunt+PPG group were subjected to an abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava shunt to create an animal model of high pulmonary flow. Rats in shunt+PPG group and control+PPG group were intraperitoneally injected with an inhibitor of endogenous H2S generation enzyme-PPG at a dose of 37.5 mg?kg-1 each day. After 4 weeks of experiment, the morphologic changes including micro-and ultra-structural changes of pulmonary arteries of rats were observed under optical microscope and electro-microscope, respectively. H2S concentration in lung tissue was evaluated by sensitive modified sulfide electrode method. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (ADM) were calculated by radioimmunoussay kit. Results After 4 weeks of shunt, lung tissue H2S level increased significantly (P

AIM: To explore the possible impact of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) donor-sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS) on endothelin-1(ET-1) and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) expressions in rats with pulmonary hypertension induced by high pulmonary blood flow.METHODS: Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: shunt group,shunt+NaHS group,sham group and sham+NaHS group.Rats in shunt group and shunt+NaHS group were subjected to an abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava shunt to create an animal model of high pulmonary flow.After 11 weeks of experiment,rat systolic pulmonary artery pressure(SPAP),lung tissue H2S,plasma ET-1 concentration and lung tissue ET-1mRNA expression,as well as pulmonary artery CTGF protein expression were detected.RESULTS: After 11 weeks of experiment,SPAP,lung tissue ET-1mRNA,plasma ET-1 as well as pulmonary artery CTGF expressions were increased markedly,respectively,whereas H2S in lung tissue decreased significantly in rats of shunt group as compared with that in sham group(all P

Aim The study was designed to explore the possible impact of sodium hydrosulfide NaHS on the content and metabolism of collagen in rats with pulmonary hypertension induced by high pulmonary blood flow. Methods Thirty-two male SD rats, weighing 140~160 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups, shunt group (n=8), shunt+NaHS group (n=8), sham group (n=8) and sham+NaHS group (n=8). Rats in shunt group and shunt+NaHS group were subjected to an abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava shunt to create an animal model of high pulmonary flow. In the sham group and sham+NaHS group, rats experienced the same experimental processes except the shunting procedure. After 11 weeks of experiment, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) of rats was detected using a right cardiac catheterization procedure. Lung tissue hydrogen sulfide(H2S) content of rats was determined by a modified sulfide electrode method. Pulmonary artery collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ,MMP-13 and TIMP-1 protein expression of rats was investigated by immunohistochemistry.Results After 11 weeks of experiment, SPAP increased significantly, whereas lung tissue hydrogen sulfide(H2S) content decreased significantly in rats of shunt group as compared with those of sham group (P

OBJECTIVE To explore the incidence rate,pathogen distribution and characteristics of drug resistance of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) patients due to acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ALI/ARDS) after severe injury,and analyze impact factors on VAP.METHODS All 183 cases with ALI/ARDS after severe injury from Jan 2004 to Mar 2008,were admiitted and given mechanic ventilation over 48 hours in our ICU and EICU.RESULTS VAP was found in 98 cases,accounted for 53.56%.Among them,42 were early-onset VAP and the other 56 were late-onset VAP.Altogether 276 pathogens were isolated,and most of them were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococci aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli.In 41 cases only one pathogen was isolated,the other 57 cases were with two or above pathogens.The revealed important risk factors were coma,prolonged mechanical ventilation,tracheotomy,antiacid treatment,use of antimicrobial agents and low albumin.CONCLUSIONS The incidence rate of VAP due to ALI/ARDS is high,and most of the isolated pathogens are drug resistant.Mixed infections are found commonly in these cases.

AIM: Metallothioneins (MTs) are cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins that exert cytoprotection during metal exposure and oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate whether MT can directly protect NTPase on nuclear envelope from damage induced by hydroxyl radical.METHODS: Isolated hepatic nuclei from rat liver were exposed to Fe 2+ /H 2O 2 with or without MT, and the NTPase activity on nuclei was assayed using ATP and GTP as substrate, respectively. RESULTS: Incubation of rat hepatic nuclei with the Fe 2+ /H 2O 2 (in ?mol?L -1 / ?mol?L -1 : 0 1/0 5, 0 5/2 5, 1/5, 5/25) resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in nuclear NTPase activities ( P0 05 ). In addition, incubation of hepatic nuclei with only MT had no effect on nuclear NTPase activity. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that hydroxyl radical generated from Fe 2+ /H 2O 2 might attack nuclear NTPase. MT antagonistically reduces toxicity of Fe 2+ /H 2O 2 system to the NTPase.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical value of 24-hour urinary sodium determination in children with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS).

METHODFifty-eight POTS children and 10 healthy children (control group) from Peking University First Hospital during June 2012 to May 2014 were enrolled. Their 24-hour urinary sodium and plasma sodium levels were compared. Correlation analysis was done between 24-hour urinary sodium and symptom scores in children with POTS. All patients were treated with oral rehydration salts. The POTS patients were divided into hyponatriuria group (urinary sodium < 124 mmol/24 h) and hypernatriuria group (urinary sodium ≥ 124 mmol/24 h). Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the effects of different 24-hour urinary sodium levels in children with POTS receiving rehydration salts therapy.

RESULTThe 24-hour urinary sodium levels of children with POTS were significantly lower than that of control group ((110. 0 ± 45. 8) vs. (221. 3 ± 103. 6) mmol/24 h, t =3. 339, P = 0. 008), while no statistical significance was found in plasma sodium between the two groups ((139. 7 ± 2. 1) vs. (139. 7 ± 2. 3) mmol/L, t = 0. 082, P = 0. 935). Pearson correlation analysis showed that 24-hour urinary sodium and severity of symptoms in children patients were negatively correlated (r = - 0. 654, P < 0. 001) . Urinary sodium < 124 mmol/24 h was used as the cut-off value, there were 43 cases in hyponatriuria group and 15 cases in hypernatriuria group. The symptom scores were significantly higher in hyponatriuria group (10. 2 ± 3. 7 vs. 5. 0 ± 1. 8, P < 0. 001), there was no significant difference in other basic information and hemodynamic data between groups (P > 0. 05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that urine sodium < 124 mmol/24 h was independent risk factor for effectiveness of rehydration salts in POTS patients (OR = 0. 043, 95% CI:0. 004 - 0. 499, P = 0. 012). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the long-term effect of patients receiving oral rehydration salts in hyponatriuria group was significantly better than that in hypernatriuria group (86. 0 % vs. 60. 0%, χ2 = 8. 471, P = 0. 004).

CONCLUSIONTwenty-four hours urinary sodium is a good indicaor for guiding children with POTS receiving rehydration salts therapy.

Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Fluid Therapy ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome ; urine ; Rehydration Solutions ; Salts ; Sodium ; urine

BACKGROUND: Cassia seed acts on decreasing blood pressure and blood lipid, protecting liver and inhibiting bacteria. It is worth to carry on a further discussion on its effect of weight loss.OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of cassia seed decoction drunk naturally on body mass of nutritional obese rats in physiological state.DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping was designed, in which, control experiment, analysis of variance and q test were applied in comparison among groups.SETTING: Cardiovascular Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Cardiovascular Instutute,Second Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology from March 2004 to September 2004, in which, 27 male SD rats were employed and randomized into 3 groups, named normal control group, model group and cassia seed group, 9 rats in each one.METHODS: [1] In normal control, the rats were bred with basic forage(the contents of protein, fat, carbohydrate were 18.2%, 4.5% and 55.2%successively, with 14.54 kJ caloric each gram) and drank water naturally.In model group, the rats were bred with high nutritive forage (the contents of protein, fat, carbohydrate were 23.7%, 21.6% and 39.0% successively,with 19.56 kJ caloric each gram) and drank water naturally. In cassia seed group, the rats were bred with high nutritive forage and drank cassia seed decoction of various concentration naturally. The concentration of cassia seed decoction started at 10 g/L (equally contained 10 mg raw cassia seed each milliliter) and was increased by 100% concentration each day (10 g/L)till to 60 g/L on the 6th day. Since the 7th day, the concentration of 60 g/L was maintained till to the 7th weekend. [2] It was to record appetite and drinking quantity at definite time every day and calculate absorbed caloric(intake mass × caloric contained each gram). It was to measure body mass at definite time each week. On the 7th weekend, the body length of rat was measured and Lee's index was calculated [ 3√body mass (g)×103/body length (cm)]MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Influences of cassia seed on body mass, Lee's index, appetite, caloric and drinking quantity in nutritional obese rats.RESULTS: Twenty-seven rats all entered result analysis. [1] Body mass:that in model group from the 3rd to 7th week in experiment group was higher remarkably than normal control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). That in cassia seed group from the 2nd to 7th week was lower remarkably than that in the model group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). [2] Lee's index: that in model group and cassia seed group on the 7th week of experiment was higher remarkably than that in the normal control group [(358.60±8.55), (341.84±7.29), (322.00±6.89) g/cm, P ＜ 0.05-0.01] and that in cassia seed group was lower remarkably than that in the model group (P ＜ 0.05). [3] Appetite: that in model group and cassia seed group was lower remarkably than that in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01) and that in cassia seed group was near to the control group (P ＞ 0.05). [4] Absorbed caloric: that in model group and cassia seed group was higher remarkably than that in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01) and that in cassia seed group was near to the control group (P ＞ 0.05). [5] Drinking quantity: that in cassia seed group was basically near to that in the model group and the control group (P ＞ 0.05) and that in model group was near to the control group. It was indicated that cassia seed decoction at mass concentration of 60 g/L did not affect appetite.CONCLUSION: Cassia seed decoction at mass concentration of 60 g/L inhibits remarkably the increased body mass of nutritional obese rats and is free from influence on appetite.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of drug phonophoresis therapy in the treatment of acute iridocyclitis.Methods According to randomized block design,104 patients with acute iridocyclitis were divided into the control group of 52 cases (72 eyes)with 1％ atropine mydriasis,oral prednisone tablets and subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone treatment,76 eyes of 52 cases in the treatment group with 1％ atropine mydriasis,oral prednisone tablets and dexamethasone phonophoresis intraocular treatment.Results Compared with the control group,the cure rates of treatment group and control group were 84.2％ and 58.5％ respectively,there was significantly significant difference between the two groups(x2 =12.598,P =0.000),oral hormone time from the beginning to the first reduction[treatment group and control group were (5.12 ± 1.00) d and (7.32 ± 0.97) d respectively (t =-13.495,P =0.000)] and oral hormone total time [treatment group and control group were (27.82 ± 4.84) d and (35.49 ± 4.74) d respectively (t =-9.720,P =0.000)] were significantly shortened,complications decreased significantly[conjunctival edema rate (x2 =9.657,P =0.002),subconjunctival hemorrhage rate (x2 =6.601,P =0.010),conjunctival scarring rate (x2 =4.340,P =0.037),pain rate (x2 =63.419,P =0.000) and oculocardiac reflectivity rate (x2 =33.293,P =0.000)] and patient satisfaction improved significantly (treatment group and control group were 94.7％ and 69.4％ respectively) (x2 =16.333;P =0.000).Conclusion Dexamethasone phonophoresis therapy has better clinical efficacy and higher cure rate,and it is non-invasive,safe and reliable,less complications and high satisfaction in the treatment of acute iridocyclitis.

BACKGROUND: Different processes of thinking may lead to the same results, which represent one of the forms of the complexity of the human brain.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the similarity in the results of thinking and difference in the thinking process by means of questionnaires.DESIGN: A comparative analysis of the answers in the final term examination with the difference in answers analyzed by x2 test with contingency table.SETTING: Department of Physiology, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology.PARTICIPANTS: This study was conducted between June and November,2004, involving totally 300 volunteered second-year medical students (150male and 150 female, aged 20-22 years) of the medical school of Henan Science and Technology University who took their final examination in physiology.METHODS: The first "question for thinking" in the final examination was taken as an example, and the papers with full score for this question (completely correct group, n=42) and zero score (totally wrong group, n=49)were chosen, from which one paper was randomly selected from each group. The first 10 words in the answer to the question was used as the control and compared with the answers of the other papers word by word.Each same word was given a score of 1 and otherwise a score of 0, and the number of the same words and different words were counted for comparison. Meanwhile the total words of the answer were also counted and compared. The difference in the answers was analyzed with x2 test with contingency table.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The difference in the first 10 words between completely correct group and totally wrong group.RESULTS: Totally 42 students in the complete correct group and 49 in totally wrong group were included in the final result analysis. The number of the total words of the answer was different between the students in spite of the same scores. The first 10 words of the chosen paper in completely correct group was significantly different from those in the other 41 papers (x2=270.978, P ＜ 0.01); there was also significant difference in the first 10words between the chosen paper and the other 41 papers in totally wrong group (x2=285.153, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Longitudinal thinking as well as lateral thinking processes are different between persons.

Objective To observe the effect of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on vasoactive peptides in aorta of atherosclerotic(AS) rats.Methods Twenty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (8 cases),AS group (10 cases) ,AS + SO2 group (10 cases).The rats in AS group and AS + SO2 group were given 700 000 U/kg Vitamin D3 and fed a high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks to induce AS.Meanwhile, the rats in AS + SO2 group were intraperitoneally injected SO2 donor Na2SO3/NaHSO3 (0.54 mmol/kg,0.18 mmol/kg) every day.And the rats in control group and AS group were given the same dose of saline.After 8 weeks, the changes in atherosclerosis plaque size in the aortic root were observed by way of oil red O staining.Angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the aortic homogenate were detected by using radioactive immunoassay.Results Compared with the control group, the atherosclerosis plaque size was markedly increased in AS group, while SO2 treatment significantly decreased the atherosclerosis plaque size in AS rats.Meanwhile,the content of Ang Ⅱ and ET-1 in the aortic homogenate from AS group were increased compared to those in the control group [(11.52 ±4.15) ng/g vs (5.46 ± 1.21) ng/g, (11.91 ± 4.93) ng/g vs (3.81 ± 1.21) ng/g,all P ＜0.01] ,while SO2 donor treatment markedly decreased the content of Ang Ⅱ and ET-1 in AS rats [(6.25 ± 2.85) ng/g, (8.35 ± 2.45) ng/g] (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions SO2 can play an important role in the regulation of vasoactive peptide Ang Ⅱ and ET-1 in AS rat aorta.This effect may be one of the mechanisms by which SO2 antagonize AS.