Objective:To characterize the volatile compounds in 10 batches of disposable infusion sets and 6 batches of nasal can-nulas by GC-MS and determine the main odor-active compounds. Methods:The volatile components were extracted using a headspace sampler. An HP-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0. 25 mm,0. 25 μm) was adopted, and the qualitative analysis was performed by total ion chromatography ( TIC) of full scan with temperature programmer. Results:A total of 19 major volatile compounds were identified, which were hydrocarbon, alcohol and carbonyl compounds (such as aldehyde and ester). Based on the combination of odor test and GC-MS, the concentration of alcohol compounds (2-ethyl hexanol, 2-EH) had the most notable effect on the odor of samples. Conclu-sion:The samples with unacceptable order contain 2-EH with relatively high content, which should be paid more attention.

Objective To investigate the compound donkey-hide gelatin syrup in reducing adverse reactions of qi-blood weakness patients caused by clozapine.Methods 132 patients from Psychiatric Hospital of Yunnan Province between January 2010 and June 2010 were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group.Both groups were taken clozapine orally.On this basis,the treatment group was taken compound donkey-hide gelatin syrup and the control group was taken placebo syrup.After 8 weeks treatment for both groups,the PANSS,TESS,physical examination and experiment examination were observed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety.Results ① the total curative effect:the treatment group was 73.53％,the control group was 65.63％,showing statistical difference (x2=2.543,P＜0.05).② PANSS scores changes before and after the treatment:PANSS score at 2,4,6,8 weeks after the treatment of both groups were [(72.51 ±27.55),(60.54±24.03),(53.12± 15.27),(48.15± 11.88) in treatment group respectively,and (70.71 ±23.90),(58.89± 18.95),(53.06± 14.38),(48.98 ± 9.78) in the control group,respectively],both showing significant difference than the same group before the treatment [(103.99±39.12) in the treatment group,(99.78±34.35) in the control group] (P＜0.05).But there was no statistical significance between two groups (F=2.413,P＞0.05).③ adverse reactions:during the treatment liver function,blood cell analysis,dystonia,Parkinson's obstacle,akathisia,abnormal gastrointestinal reaction,heart rate,heart rate variability and blood pressure in the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group (x2=4.562,P＜0.05).Conclusion Compound donkey-hide gelatin syrup can effectively relieve adverse reactions in qi-blood weak psychosis patients after clozapine treatment and improve their drug tolerance.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factor,type and characteristic nystagmus of the otolith abnormal migration during diagnosis and treatment for posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PSC-BPPV). The therapy and prevention is also discussed. METHOD: Four hundred and seventy-nine patients with PSC-BPPV were treated by Epley's canalith repositioning procedures(CRP) from March 2009 to March 2012. We observed otolith abnormal migration complicating during diagnosis and treatment. According the type of otolith abnormal migration, the additional repositioning maneuver was performed. RESULT: The rate of complication was 8. 1%(39/479), with canal conversion in 5.4%(26/479) and primarily canal reentry in 2.7%(13/479). The rate of incidence of conversion to horizontal canal conversion and anterior canal were 4. 8%(23/479)and 0. 6%(3/479) respectively. All the patient was cured in follow up. The risk factors were unappropriated head movement during or after CRP, including another Dix-Hallpike were performed immediately. CONCLUSION To prevent the complications,the pathognostic positioning sequence and angle of head rotation are commenced during CRP. Appropriate short time postural restrictions post-treatment is necessary. Careful observation of nystagrnus variation is crucial to determine the otolith abnormal migration.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ; therapy ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nystagmus, Pathologic ; etiology ; Otolithic Membrane ; Patient Positioning ; adverse effects ; Semicircular Canals ; Vertigo

Objective To study the vestibular function in patients with sudden deafness .Methods Retrospec-tive analysis of 436 cases of patients with sudden deafness ,being divided into two groups according to whether the merger of vertigo .147 cases with vertigo group ,75 cases of which were mild to moderately severe hearing loss .In-clud the rise type of 28 cases ,26 cases of flat type ,21cases of decline type .72 cases of which were severe hearing loss .In 289 cases without vertigo ,157 cases had mild moderate and severe hearing loss .Includ the rise type of 36 cases ,57 cases of flat type ,64 cases of decline type .One hundred and thirty two cases of which were severe hearing loss .Use video electronystagmogram (VNG) to test the vestibular function .Process the data with SPSS 13 .0 soft-ware .Results One hundred and twenty three(83 .7% )cases of the vertigo group suffered from vestibular function decline ,with 51 cases of mild to moderately severe hearing loss ,72 cases of severe and above .165 (57 .1% )cases of the without vertigo group suffered from vestibular function decline .There were 45 cases of mild to moderately se-vere hearing loss ,120 cases of severe and above .35 patients with vertigo patients with BPPV ,28 cases of which happened within 1 week in sudden deafness occured and 80% of which were vestibular function decline .Conclusion Patients with sudden deafness with vertigo suffered from vestibular function damage .Patients with sudden deafness without vertigo also suffered from vestibular function damage .And the more serious the hearing loss ,the higher the vestibular function decline opportunities .

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficiency and safety of cefmetazon in the prevention Department of General Surgery,First People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200080,Chinaand or treatment of infections in general surgery. MethodsA multicenter,prospective and open-labeled trial was conducted. In the prevention group,1700 patients were enrolled in clean-infection surgery,cefmetazon was given 1 g iv half an hour before the surgery started,and 1 g iv twice daily after the surgery for 3 days.Clinical response was evaluated in terms of both cure ( disappearance of pre treatment symptoms)and pathogen. In the treatment group,897 patients were diagnosed as peritonitis, cholecystitis and cholangitis,the patients were given cefmetazon 2 g iv twice a day for 7 - 14 days,clinical response and microbiological efficacy were assessed.ResultsIn prophylactic group,1449 patients were finally included.The clinical efficacy was 100％ (1449/1449).In the treatment group,a total of 897 patients were enrolled,and 110 patients failed for assessment of clinical efficacy,787 patients were included in the PPS population,the clinical efficacy was 90.7％ (714/787); Bacterial eradication rate was 92％ (46/50).Adverse reaction rates in prevention group and treatment group were 1.3％ (22/1700) and 1.2％ (11/897),including mild nausea and vomitting.ConclusionsCefmetazon is effective and safe in prevention and treatment of Postoperative infections in general surgery.

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a common primary brain injury.The main mechanism of DAI is the relative displacement of brain tissue junction caused by shearing force during cranial rotation.The pathological changes are the deformation and rupture of white matter nerve fiber bundles.The mechanism of injury and recovery is still unclear,and unified diagnostic criteria are also lacking.Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms are associated with nervous system development,injury,and repair process.The APOE gene contains six genotypes by the combination among three genes and synthesizes three proteins including apoE2,apoE3 and apoE4.The abnormal spatial structure of apoE4 decreases its ability of transporting lipids,resulting in reduced repair ability after nerve injury.The molecular mechanism of ApoE in the development of axonal injury is complicated.apoE protein can bind to receptor proteins such as low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1) and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) to mediate axonal repair,and it can also damage nerves by influencing calcium influx and producing toxic fragments through hydrolysis.Correcting the abnormal structure of apoE4 is helpful to nerve repair,and apoE analogues also have certain neuroprotective effects.This article reviews the injury characteristics,pathological characteristics,APOE gene polymorphisms,and the role of apoE synthesis in DAI,to provide new insights for elucidation of mechanism of DAI and related clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the immunopotentiating effect of cyclic guanosine monophos-phate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) as an adjuvant on norovirus (GⅡ. 4) virus like particles (VLPs) in the development of norovirus vaccine. Methods BALB/c mice were intramuscularly immunized with norovirus (GⅡ.4) VLPs composed of capsid protein VP1 in combination with cGAMP or Al(OH)3. Norovirus VLPs-specific antibodies in serum were detected by ELISA. A synthetic histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-VLPs blocking assay was used to analyze neutralizing antibodies against norovirus VLPs in serum samples. Results Immunization with norovirus VLPs in the presence of cGAMP induced a strong humoral immune response in BALB/c mice. Levels of specific IgG antibodies in serum induced by using cGAMP as the adjuvant were significantly higher than those induced by using Al(OH)3adjuvant when immunization of BALB/c mice with the same dosage of VLPs. The antibody level induced by 1 μg of VLPs in combination with cGAMP was equivalent to that elicited by 10 μg of VLPs combined with Al(OH)3adjuvant. Results of the synthetic HBGA-VLPs blocking assay showed that the blocking rate in cGAMP+VLPs immunization group were significantly higher than that in Al(OH)3+VLPs immunization group when using the same dosage of VLPs. No significant difference in blocking rate was observed between cGAMP+VLPs(1 μg) and Al(OH)3+VLPs (10 μg) immunization groups. Conclusion cGAMP significantly enhanced the specific humoral immune response induced by norovirus (GⅡ.4) VLPs in mice as compared with Al(OH)3adjuvant. It might be used as a novel adjuvant to replace the traditional aluminum adjuvant in the development of norovir-us vaccine.

ObjectiveTo analyze the coping style and its relationship with anxiety status among middle school students aged 13 to 18 in Anhui province during the COVID-19 epidemic. MethodsFrom February 13 to 19， 2020， a cross-sectional survey was conducted among middle school students in Anhui province by using convenience sampling method and network questionnaire. The assessment tools included the Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students （CSSMSS） and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders （SCARED）. ResultsThe results of the CSSMSS evaluation showed that female students scored higher in emotion abreaction than male students ［（8.27±2.98） vs. （7.84±2.91）］. The scores of tolerance ［（9.74±2.73） vs. （9.11±2.60）］， escape ［（7.82±2.79） vs. （7.26±2.44）］， emotion abreaction ［（8.48±2.97） vs. （7.91±2.93）］ and fantasy/denial ［（9.79±3.56） vs. （9.26±3.47）］ of senior high school students were higher than those of junior high school students， and the score of problem solving ［（19.38±4.07） vs. （20.33±4.54）］ was lower than that of junior high school students， with statistical significance （P<0.05 or 0.01）. Correlation analysis results showed that the scores of tolerance， escape， emotion abreaction and fantasy/deny in CSSMSS were positively correlated with the scores of SCARED of middle school students in Anhui province （r=0.348， 0.287， 0.390， 0.501， P<0.01）. ConclusionDuring COVID-19 epidemic， students of different genders and grades in Anhui province have different coping styles， and some coping styles may induce anxiety status.

OBJECTIVE To explore the application value of indocyanine green combined with near-infrared autofluorescence imaging technique in identifying pathological parathyroid glands during surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). METHODS Data from 40 patients with PHPT treated in Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University were collected,including 10 patients in the indocyanine green treated group and 30 patients in the non-treated group. All patients underwent surgical treatment to remove the affected parathyroid glands. Near-infrared autofluorescence imaging was used for image acquisition,and ImageJ software was used for fluorescence intensity analysis. RESULTS The fluorescence intensity of the pathological parathyroid glands in the indocyanine green-treated group was significantly higher than that in the non-treated group(142.7±23.7 vs. 94.5±31.4,t=-4.434,P=0.000);the fluorescence ratio of pathological parathyroid glands/thyroid glands was significantly higher than that in the non-treated group(1.6±0.3 vs. 1.2±0.4,t=-3.162,P=0.004). There was no correlation between the fluorescence intensity of parathyroid glands in the non-treated group and preoperative blood calcium(r=0.029,P=0.088) and preoperative PTH level(r=-0.142,P=0.455),and there was also no correlation between the fluorescence intensity of parathyroid glands in the treated group and preoperative blood calcium(r=0.206,P=0.568) and preoperative PTH level(r=0.160,P=0.658). The detection rate of near-infrared light in the non-treated group was 53.3％(16/30),while that in the treated group was 100％(10/10). The average detection time for the non-treated group was (71.0±16.9)minutes,while that for the treated group was (52.7±11.1)minutes,with a significant difference between the two groups(t=3.187,P=0.003). CONCLUSION The combination of indocyanine green and near-infrared autofluorescence imaging technique is helpful for identifying the diseased parathyroid glands during the surgical treatment of PHPT.

Objective:To summarize the experience of facial nerve(FN) preservation in microsurgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach and to analyze the influencing factors of facial function prognosis in short-term and long-term period.Methods:Patients with VS who underwent microsurgery via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach by the skull base surgery team in Huashan Hospital from January 2013 to February 2018 were enrolled. A total of 308 patients were included in this study, including 132 males and 176 females. The average age was 47.9 year-old (Range: 17-79 year-old). The patient′s clinical data and FN function prognosis were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analysis by SPSS 23.0 statistical software were performed to evaluate the factors affecting facial function prognosis and its recovery.Results:Gross total resection was achieved in 304 cases, and subtotal resection was in 4 cases. The facial nerve preservation rate anatomically was 99.4%. The facial nerve of 2 cases was thin due to large tumor compression and severed, and a one-stage reconstruction was performed during surgery.Of the 308 patients, 300 cases were successfully followed up, and 8 cases were lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up time was 52 months. In short-term (2 weeks after surgery), satisfactory facial nerve function (House-Brackmann (H-B) grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ) was achieved in 96 cases, and 212 cases were unsatisfactory function (H-B grade Ⅲ-Ⅵ). After 1 year, 198 were satisfactory function and 97 were unsatisfactory. After 3 years, 219 were satisfactory function and 75 were unsatisfactory. Five years later, 155 were satisfactory function and 34 were unsatisfactory. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, the impact factors of FN function in short-term were tumor size ( P=0.011) and stimulation threshold (ST) of EMG monitoring ( P<0.001). The impact factors in long-term were tumor size ( P=0.005), ST of EMG monitoring ( P=0.005) and FN rehabilitation training. Conclusions:Tumor diameter is an independent factor related to FN function, and the larger the tumor, the worse the postoperative FN function. The ST of EMG (ST≤0.05 mA) can predict short-term and long-term FN function. The systematic facial rehabilitation training can effectively promote the recovery of FN after surgery.