A method for simultaneous isolation and clean-up pyrethroid insecticides (methothrin, fenpropathrin,cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin)with a solid phase extractionmethod (Sep-Pak C18 cartridge) from biological samples (human plasma and urine) is presented.The systematic separation of the insecticides was excellently performed by wide-bore capillary gaschromatography with flame ionization detection and temperature programming. The recoveries werebetween 81% and 93% for plasma, and 90% and 102% for urine. Mixing the samples with 70%methanol and eluting with chloroform demonstrated excellent adsorption on C18 and the best recoveries,respectively.

The present paper reports that the fenfluramine(FA), amphetamine(AP) and methamphetamine(MA) were extracted from the blood by the solid phase microextraction(SPME). The drugs were extracted for 15 min under the condition of 70℃ by a polydimethylsiloxane fiber. d5-methamphetamine(IS) was used as an internal standard. GC/MS was used for analysis with the injection method of derivatization on column. The ions at m/z 268(FA), m/z 240(AP), m/z 254(MA) and m/z 258(IS) in the selected ion minitoring chromatograms were selected for quantitation. Each compound was detectable at least 0 01～0 03 ?g/g. By determination of fenfluramine in poisoning blood, it is proved that this method would be demonstrated to be simple and accurate.

0.05).NSAIDs users were older than nonusers by a mean of 11 years, more likely to have a history of UGIG (P=0.002)and cardiac vessel disease(P=0.00 0).NSAIDs users have more number of ulcer or erosion(P=0.001)and fewer hospital stay(P=0.011). Conclusion Proper measures should be employed to decrease NSAIDs induced GI complications.

Objective To establish the HPLC Fingerprint of Pollen Typhae and give a new method for quality control of Pollen Typhae. Methods RP-HPLC was used on a YWG-C_ 18 column (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) with the gradient elution solvent system composed of acetonitrile-0.05% H_3PO_4 water solution, the detection wavelength was 254 nm, sample injection was 5 ?L. Results HPLC Fingerprint of Pollen Typhae was established. Taking typhaneoside as the reference peak, 12 common peaks were selected as the fingerprint peaks of Pollen Typhae, the similarity between the fingerprint of eight batches of Pollen Typhae samples and reference fingerprint was determined. Conclusion The established HPLC fingerprint has desirable precision, reproducibility, and stability, and can be applied to the quality control of Pollen Typhae.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effects of 5-hydroxy-1-methylhyantoin (HMH) on paraquat (PQ)-induced nephrotoxicity in rat and its possible mechanism.Methods Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: namely control, PQ, vitamin C and HMH groups, with 6 rats in each group. The rats in control group were given an injection of 2 mg/kg of normal saline intraperitoneally. The rats in PQ group were given an injection of 50 mg/kg of PQ intraperitoneally. The rats in vitamin C and HMH groups were given 1 mmol/kg of vitamin C or HMH through gastric tube right after PQ injection. The hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability of HMH and vitamin C was determined by Fenton method. Blood sample was collected after 24 hours of PQ treatment, then the animals were sacrificed and renal tissues were harvested. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), protein content of renal cortex, blood malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined.Results Both vitamin C and HMH showed a very good ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals, and the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) was both 4.02 mg/mL. Compared with control group, serum BUN, SCr and MDA in renal tissue were significantly increased in PQ group, and the protein, GSH contents and SOD activity were significantly decreased [BUN (mmol/L): 40.80±2.49 vs. 13.67±1.58, SCr (μmol/L): 163.46±8.67 vs. 51.80±4.37, MDA (nmol/g): 7.51±0.23 vs. 4.52±0.33, protein (μmol/L): 0.94±0.14 vs. 1.35±0.10, GSH (mg/g): 1.08±0.48 vs. 3.30±0.44, SOD (kU/L): 70.74±6.42 vs. 112.89±8.72, allP< 0.01]. Compared with PQ group, serum BUN and SCr and MDA in kidney tissue in vitamin C and HMH groups were significantly decreased, and GSH content and SOD activity in kidney tissue were significantly elevated [BUN (mmol/L):22.64±2.36, 18.71±5.23 vs. 40.80±2.49, SCr (μmol/L): 97.28±4.81, 89.20±6.72 vs. 163.46±8.67, MDA (nmol/g): 4.67±0.31, 4.21±0.42 vs. 7.51±0.23, GSH (mg/g): 1.78±0.10, 1.86±0.39 vs. 1.08±0.48, SOD (kU/L):98.69±5.43, 103.76±4.45 vs. 70.74±6.42, allP< 0.01]. Compared with vitamin C group, HMH could significantly reduce SCr contents (P< 0.05). There were no differences in reduction PQ-induced BUN, MDA content, and effect on GSH content and SOD activity between vitamin C group and HMH group (allP> 0.05).Conclusion HMH can protect the kidney against PQ-induced nephrotoxicity, and the mechanism of which maybe attributed to its anti-oxidation property and ability to scavenge hydroxyl radical.

Objective With generalization and steadiness,a new evaluation model by Integrating Non Linear Features extraction algorithm with artificial neural networks(ANN) used for pattern recognition of quality control of Radix Paeoniae Alba was proposed in this paper.Methods The HPLC data from 29 samples with different quality were proceeded with nonlinear kernel principal component analysis(KPCA) and an improved Back propagation algorithm of ANN.The extract characteristics was fed into BP neural networks as input elements for pattern recognition.In the meantime,the processing data,the optimal numbers of hidden layers,the numbers of hidden nodes,excitation functions,and over-fitting,etc. were discussed wholly so that standardization networks was designed without jamming.Results As recognition ratio was 100%,the pattern recognition of quality control of Radix Paeoniae Alba was established successfully by trained networks and predicted results.Conclusion Integrating KPCA algorithm with ANN for pattern recognition of quality control of Radix Paeoniae Alba has been proved to be available.

BACKGROUND:Researches about sub-health status in general community population are rare,especially in minor nationalities.OBJECTIVE:To explore the sub-health status and its risk factors with logistic regression model and negative binomial regression model in Tibetan people.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A cross-sectional study was performed among subjects selected from Songpan county in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province on September 2007.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 1791 Tibetan subjects from were recruited from Songpan county in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province and were involved in this study,among which 1763 subjects completed the sub-health questionnaire.Their average age was 27 years,ranging from 10 to 80.There were 731 male subjects (41.5%)and 1032 female ones (58.5%).All subjects were informed of the survey regimen.METHODS:The sub-health rating scale framed by Chen Qingshan et al was used to assess the sub-health status of subjects with stratified and cluster sampling,including the prevalence rate of sub-health status,the number of sub-health symptoms and various dimensional prevalence.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Risk factors of sub-health status with logistic regression model and negative binomial regression model.RESULTS:There were 1038 subjects suffering from one or more sub-health symptoms,and they were considered as being in the sub-health status with the prevalence of sub-health 58.9%.The split-half reliability and internal consistency of the scale were separately 0.7658 and 0.8154.Logistic regression results indicated that the seniors (P=0.0004),female (P＜0.0001),marriage status (P=0.0008),mental labor (P=0.0021)and smoking (P＜0.0001)were main contributing factors of sub-health status.However,marriage status (P=0.0689)and occupation (P=0.1398)weren't statistically significant in negative binomial regression analyses.CONCLUSION:Tibetan populations living in high altitude are also suffering from sub-health status and should be given more attention.Further more negative binomial regression model could be popularized to analyze sub-health and its influencing factors.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the factors,general rule and characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADR)for references of safe and rational clinical medication.METHOD:A total of 412 ADR reports were collected and statistically analyzed in respect of age and sex of patients,route of administration,ADR degree,drug category,ADR-involving organs and clinical manifestations etc.RESULTS:ADR-involving drugs totaled 412 kinds,of which anti-infective agents occupied the first place,followed by Chinese patent medicines.274 ADR cases(66.50%)were induced by intravenous route.ADR occurred systemically and were characterized predominantly by allergic reactions of skin and its appendants,followed by damage of nervous system.70 were new but common ADR cases,while 2 were new severe cases.CONCLUSION:It is necessary to strengthen ADR monitoring and publicizing of ADR-related knowledge to guide the clinical rational use of drugs and reduce the repetitive occurrence of ADR.

Objective:To examine the concordance between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in determining body composition of children aged between 3 and 6.Methods:A total of 230 children aged 3-6 from a kindergarten in Jinnan, Tianjin were enrolled in this study from November 16 th to December 8 th, 2017.The soft lean mass (SLM) and the body fat mass (BFM) of the children were measured by using BIA and DXA.The children were divided into several groups by sex, age and body mass index (BMI). The consistency of the body composition results between BIA and DXA in each group was analyzed. Results:The SLM and BFM assessed by BIA were significantly correlated with those measured by DXA ( R2=0.951, 0.947, all P<0.001). The Bland-Altman plots suggested that the SLM measured by BIA was 0.70 kg(95% CI: -1.78-0.38) higher in that by DXA, and the BFM measured by BIA was 1.36 kg (95% CI: 0.19-2.52) lower in that by DXA.A similar trend could be seen in children stratified by age, sex and BMI.The SLM of boys and girls measured by BIA was 0.57 kg (95% CI: -1.63-0.49) and 0.84 kg (95% CI: -1.88-0.20) higher than those by DXA, respectively.The BFM of boys and girls measured by BIA was 1.23 kg (95% CI: 0.11-2.36) and 1.49 kg (95% CI: 0.34-2.64) lower than that by DXA, respectively.The SLM measured by BIA was 0.67 kg (95% CI: -1.74-0.41), 0.76 kg (95% CI: -1.65-0.13), 0.69 kg (95% CI: -1.85-0.47) and 0.67 kg (95% CI: -1.75-0.41) higher than those by DXA in the 3 to 6-year-old groups, respectively.The BFM measured BIA was 1.09 kg (95% CI: -0.12-2.30), 1.44 kg (95% CI: 0.60-2.28), 1.39 kg (95% CI: 0.15-2.64)and 1.43 kg(95% CI: 0.38-2.48)lower than that by DXA in the 3 to 6-year-old groups, respectively.Moreover, the smallest difference of the SLM and BFM were observed between BIA and DXA in the obese child.The SLM deviation between BIA and DXA was estimated within ± 0.39 kg and the BFM deviation was within ± 0.93 kg. Conclusions:There is high consistency between BIA and DXA in the assessment of the SLM and BFM of children aged from 3 to 6.

Objective To investigate the effect of different pore sized hydroxyapatite for promoting bone vascularization in tissue engineering.Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups,named group A,B and C,which were im-planted hydroxyapatite bioceramics compositing 4 μg bone morphogenetic protein with different aperture of 200 -300,350 -450, 500-600 μm in the back subcutaneously.The size of each block was 5 mm×5 mm×1 mm in a weight about of 40.0 mg.After im-plantation,the animals were killed and the implants and the surrounding tissue were taken out at the first,second,third and forth week respectively.HE staining of histological analysis was used to detect the situation of local neovascularization.Results There was significant difference between second and third week in group A.Comparing the area of vascularization at different time points in group B and group C,there were significant difference in the comparison of intragroup (P <0.05 ).During the first week after surgery,there was only group C that had the area of vascularization.During the second and forth week after operation,the area of vascularization in group B and group C were significant higher than group A (P <0.05).The C group showed a great deal of new-born blood vessels and clear formation of bone trabeculae.Conclusion The hydroxyapatite bioceramics of 500-600 μm could better promote vascalarization of tissue engineering in bone.