italic>Cannabis sativa, one of the ancient medicinal plants, has been used to alleviate pain and seizures. However, cannabinoids are often addictive, which limits their clinical use. Cannabidiol (CBD) as a non-psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa, has much weaker adverse effects than Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and therefore has received widespread attention. CBD has been found to ameliorate a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases, but the precise mechanism(s) of action are still unclear. Due to its low affinity for classical cannabinoid receptors current studies are focusing on other targets outside the endocannabinoid system. In the present review we mainly summarize the effects and molecular mechanisms of CBD in neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, neuropathic pain, anxiety, and depression.

Objective To explore the correlation between intestinal mucosal immune barrier and pathogenesis of pigment gallstone and its possible mechanism.Methods Eighty guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group(group CON),pigment gallstone group(group PS),and intestinal mucosal protection group(group GLN).The guinea pigs were fed with normal diet in group CON,pigment gallstonein during diet in group PS,and glutamine-supplemented diet in group GLN for 8 weeks.The guinea pig model of pigment gallstone was established.The incidence of pigment gallstone was detected.The morphology of intestinal mucosa was observed,and the numbers of CD3~+T cell,CD40~+B cell,and IgA~+ plasma cell were counted.Results The incidence of pigment gallstone was significantly higher in group PS than in groups GLN and CON(P＜0.05).Compared with group CON,the intestinal wall was significant thinner and represented obvious signs of inflammation in group PS,and the numbers of CD3~+ T cell,CD40~+ B cell,and IgA~+ plasma cell significantly decreased(CD3~+ T cell,21.8±2.5 vs 11.1±3.4,P＜0.01;CD 40~+B cell,12.9±2.0 vs 10.7±3.6,P＜0.01;IgA~+ plasma cell,12.4±3.4 vs 10.7±3.5,P＜0.01).The signs of inflammation were less severe in group GLN than in group PS.There were significant differences in the numbers of CD3~+ T cell,CD40~+ B cell,and IgA~+plasma cell between groups GLN and PS.Conclusion Intestinal barrier dysfunction,including mechanical barrier and immune barrier,is involved in the formation of pigment gallstone.Glutamine has proved to improve the function of intestinal mucosal barrier and decrease the incidence of pigment gallstone.

Objective To screen the proteins binding with HBV X-promoter and to investigate their potential role in the regulation of replication and expression of HBV DNA. Methods By using HBV X biotinylated promoter DNA as the selective molecule, the T7 select human liver cDNA library was biopanned and positive clones were selected. After screening, positive plaques were performed to amplify for inserted DNA fragment and cloned into pGEM-Teasy vector. Thirty positive plaques were chosen for DNA sequencing. Results Five kinds of known and nine kinds of novel cDNA sequences were obtained. The 5 kinds of known ones are human serum albumin, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4, prokininase, ubiquitin specific protease 10, and testis enhanced gene transcript. Conclusion The binding proteins of HBV Xp DNA were identified by phage display. The results suggest that this approach provides a new search tool for the study of replication and expression mechanism of HBV DNA.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the approach to launch pharmaceutical care in hospital preparation room.METHODS:The contents of launching pharmaceutical care in the preparation room of our hospital were analyzed and summarized retrospectively.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:A shifting toward technical service is on the way by launching pharmaceutical care in hospital preparation room.

Objective To analyze the levels and speciation of arsenic metabolites in urine of rats treated with sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate in order to investigate the different aspects of metabolism between sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate,thus to understand further the basic data about relationship between it's metabolism and mechanism of toxicity. Methods Seventy Wistar rats,weighting 80-120 g,were divided into 7 groups of 10 each,such as normal control group,high,middle and low sodium arsenite group and high,middle and low sodium arsenate group. After the animals were fed for one month,the urine was collected by metabolic cage in 12 hours. Applying the high efficiency liquid chromatography and hydride genesis atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (HPLC-HGAFS),the levels and speciation of arsenic metabolites were determined in urine of rats. Meanwhile,the recovery rate of dimethyl arsinic acid(DMA) would be determined to estimate the degree of accuracy of results. Results The levels of iAs~(3+),iAs~(5+) and DMA in middle sodium arsenite group[(121.66±1.26),(10.26±2.68),(200.91±0.56) μg/L]were higher than the high sodium arsenite group[(113.20±0.75),(5.16±1.32),(147.70±μ0.77)μg/L,all P < 0.05]and low sodium arsenite group[(79.35±2.12),(5.13±2.25),(56.35±1.23)μg/L,all P < 0.05]. The levels of iAs~(3+) and DMA in middle sodium arsenate group[(315.81±1.69),(245.12±1.18)μg/L]were higher than the high sodium arsenate group[(85.03±0.56),(110.34±1.04)μg/L,all P< 0.05]and low sodium arsenate group[(22.97±2.67),(15.75±2.15)μg/L,all P < 0.05]. Compared with sodium arsenate group,the levels of iAs~(3+) and DMA in high and low sodium arsenite group were higher(all P < 0.05) ; and the levels of iAs~(3+) and DMA in middle sodium arsenite group were lower(all P < 0.05). Meanwhile,the average urinary recovery rate of DMA of rats in different sodium arsenite group were 94.80%-102.70%,and the average urinary recovery rate of DMA of rats in different sodium arsenate group were 95.33%-108.40%. Conclusion The speciation and levels of arsenic are influenced by the external exposure dose,and some distinction appeared in the metabolism and metabolic path between sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate in urine in vivo.

Background Recombinant hirudin variant Ⅲ(rHV3) can effectively prevent galactose-induced human lens epithelial cells LECs injury,but little is known about the molecular mechanism of its action.Objective The present study was to investigate the effects of rHV3 on the expression of apoptosis-related genes in damaged LECs induced by galactose.Methods The rHV3 was extracted by our research group,and the biological activity of rHV3 was identified by titration of thrombase according to Markwardt's method.Human LECs (SRA01/04) were cultured using 125×10-3 mol/L D-galactose+10% FBS+D/F12 medium to establish the damaged human LECs model.rHV3 was added into the medium of the damaged human LECs model.Human LECs were cultured in D/F12 medium containing 10% FBS as normal control.The expression of apoptosis-related genes,such as aldose reductase (AR),bax,bcl2 and p53,in LECs at the mRNA level was detected using RT-PCR.The abundance ratio of target genes was presented with the absorbance (A) of gene mRNA/GAPDH mRNA.Results Compared to the normal control group,the A values of AR mRNA/GAPDH mRNA,bax mRNA/GAPDH mRNA and p53 mRNA/GAPDH mRNA were significantly elevated in model group (t=3.90E-06,t=8.44E-04,t=5.15E-08,P＜0.01).However,in the rHV3-treated group,the A values of AR mRNA/GAPDH mRNA,bax mRNA/GAPDH mRNA and p53 mRNA/GAPDH mRNA were lower than those of model group (t=5.90E-06,t=1.51E-04,t=3.42E-06,P＜0.01).The bcl2 mRNA/GAPDH mRNA was markedly downregulated in the model group when compared with the normal control group (t=1.86E-05,P＜0.01);while after rHV3 addition,bcl2 mRNA/GAPDH mRNA increased in comparison with the model group (t=8.56E-05,P＜0.01).Conclusion 125×10-3mol/L D-galactose induces the damage and apoptosis of human LECs.rHV3 likely plays a protective function on D-galactose-induced damage of human LECs by inhibiting the polyol pathway and mitochondria-mediated pathway.

Adolescent ; Female ; Heart Failure ; etiology ; Humans ; Lung Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Postoperative Complications

Objective Eucheuma is rich in nutrients and can be an important raw material of food after processed. This study was designed to establish a feasible method of purifying polypeptides from eucheuma and investigate their activity against platelet aggre?gation and bacterial growth. Methods We extracted peptides from eucheuma with acidic solution, detected the effects of different doses of small molecular polypeptide ( 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40μg/mL) on the growth of Escherichia coli ( D1314) and Staphylococcus aureus (s.agr+, RN4220) using the method of turbidity, and analyzed the anti?platelet aggregation activity of the peptides with a whole blood aggregometer. Results The rates of peptides extracted from 50, 100,150, and 200 g of eucheuma were 0.382%, 0.405%, 0.389%, and 0.389%, respectively. The purified sample exhibited a single band on SDS?PAGE. The relative molecular weight of the peptides was about 3kD. The extracted peptides inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and thrombin?induced platelet aggregation in a dose?dependent manner, with inhibition rates of 44.71%, 51.86%, and 75.00%, respectively. Conclusion The present method can be used to successfully purify low?molecular?weight peptides from eucheuma and effectively inhibit platelet aggre?gation and bacterial growth. The peptides extracted is a potential anti?platelet aggregation agent.

Objective To prepare recombinant human prothrombin-2 expressed in Pichia pastoris, and assay the enzymatic and clotting activities of prothrombin-2 activated by prothrombin activator ecarin.Methods Human prothrombin-2 gene and Echis carinatus ecarin gene were synthesized separately on the basis of the cDNA sequences published in GenBank.The gene of prothrombin-2 was cloned into the expression vector pPICZαA.The expression vector pPICZαA/prothrombin-2 was transformed into glycoengineered P.pastoris, and then prothrombin-2 engineered P.pastoris was screened.The expression products were induced by methanol, purified by two-step chromatography and identified by diges-tion by PNGase F and analysis of pepetide fingerprint.The ecarin gene was cloned into the expression vector pcDNA3.1. The expression vector pcDNA3.1/Ecarin was transformed into HEK 293T cells and the culture supernatant of HEK 293T/Ecarin was collected.The reaction product of HEK 293T/Ecarin cell culture supernatant and purified prothrombin-2 was analyzed by S-2238,which was the chromogenic substrate for thrombin.Fibrinogen was used to measure blood clotting time. Results The purified protein of P.pastoris expressed prothrombin-2 culture supernatant was 37 ×103 .The relative molecular mass(Mr) of the purified protein was reduced to 35 ×103, which was consistent with the theoretical Mr of prothrombin-2 molecular weight.The purified protein was proved to be prothrombin-2 by peptide fingerprint identification. The purified prothrombin-2 processed by HEK 293T/Ecarin culture supernatant could hydrolyze S-2238 to produce yellow pNA, and D405 of pNA increased with the volume of the processed prothrombin-2 that could promote the plasma coagulation.The blood clotting time was close to that of the thrombin kit.Conclusion Prothrombin-2 is prepared by P.pastoris and activated toα-thrombin by ecarin.This technique may replace the method of extraction of prothrombin from plasma and can be used for the treatment of war wounds or for future clinical research.

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human growth hormone on the PingPang Racket flap survival.Methods Every two PingPang Racket flaps were designed on the both sides of 40 adult SD rats's back.The pedicle size was 1.0 cm × 1.0 cm,while the flap size was 3.0 cm in diameter circular.Longitudinal axis of flap was perpendicular to the center line of the rats back,to which the distance from proximal pedicle was about 1 cm.The flaps on the left side served as Ⅰ group,and the other side served as Ⅱ group,which were subdivided into Ⅰa and Ⅰb,Ⅱa and Ⅱb,respectively.And there were 20 rats in each subgroup.On the flap surfaces in group Ⅰ,it was 6 uniform injection poinsts,subcutaneously injecting with rhGF (the dose was 0.1IU · Kg-1 · d-1) for 7 days from the beginning of operation,that were designed.It goes the same way to the group Ⅱ,while normal saline was instead of rhGF.In subgroup Ⅰa and Ⅱa,the flaps were generally observed every day.The percentage of the flap survival area was determinated 7 days after operation.In subgroup Ⅰb and Ⅱb,specimens were collected at the distal end of flap at intraoperative(before injecting rhGF)and 1 st,3rd,5th,7th day after operation.Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent were applied to examine the expression of TGF-β1 and CD34,and the microvessel density of the flaps was calculated.Results According to the 7 days' observation after the surgery,the flap survival area percentage of subgroup Ⅰa was (97.00 + 2.12) ％,which was significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05) than that of subgroup Ⅱ a,whose was (81.00 +3.43)％.On 1st,3rd,5th and 7th day postoperatively,the expression of TGF-β1,CD34 in both subgroup Ⅰb and Ⅱb were elevated and reached peak on the 5th day.Content of GF-β1 and CD34 in Ⅰb were 1571.40 ± 13.32 pg/ml and 60.40 ±0.32 pg/ml,respectively,and in Ⅱb were 691.43 ± 11.06 pg/ml and 20.43 ± 0.06 pg/ml.At the same point of time,the expression of TGF-β1,CD34 were significant higher in Ⅰb subgroup than that in Ⅱb (P ＜ 0.05).In subgroup Ⅰb and Ⅱb,the number of microvessels increased on postoperative 1 st,3rd,5th and 7th day,especially on 3rd,5th and tended to be stable at 7th day.At the same point of time,the number of microvessels in Ⅰb was always higher than that in Ⅱb (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Subcutaneous injection of rhGH on flaps can enhance the expression of TGF-β1,CD34,promote microvascular generation of the flap tissue directly or indirectly,and also improve the survival of PingPang Racket flaps.