Multimedia is widely used in dermatology teaching.Some problems are analyzed in this article,such as the problem of communication between teachers and students,teaching contents,teaching methods and multimedia making.Methods to solve these problems are also suggested.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Asparaginase ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; U937 Cells

BACKGROUND: Child neglect is one of the most important aspects of child abuse and has become a serious problem influencing children's development all over the world. Therefore, it is necessary to nderstand the current conditions and influential factors of child neglect and establish effective evaluation methods in China.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current conditions and influential factors of urban child neglect in Suzhou city.DESIGN: A comparative analysis of sampling survey.SETTING: Department of Children's Health Care, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: This study was conducted in one public kindergarten and two private kindergartens of urban areas in Suzhou city between March and October 2003. Totally 370 children (196 boys and 174 girls) aged between 4 to 6 years old without obvious physical and mental diseases were voluntarily investigated, and they had been living with the person that answered the questionnaire regarding to child neglect in China in the recent 1 year. METHODS: Questionnaire regarding to child neglect in China was sent to each volunteer.he questionnaire evaluates the current conditions of child neglect by 20 items of 5 aspects including physical care (buy fruit for child, consider the nutritional need of child, care about the body height and body mass of child), emotional care (chat with child, play and tour with child, encourage child to do the things whatever they can, listen to what the child feels, introduce the child to the guests when they come to your home, let him or her stop immediately when child cries, care about the activities in kindergarten), education care (buy books for child, tell stories to child, recognize and correct the bad behavior of child, answer the questions asked by child seriously), safety care (protections against fire and electricity at home, warn child against matches, knives and other sharp things, teach child how to cross the road) and health care (prepare the common medicine for child at home, urge child to brush teeth, correct the bad posture). The volunteers were asked to answer each question objectively according to the conditions of child within the recent 1 year, and each question should be answered by selecting only one choice (never, occasionally, usually, always), and anyone should not be omitted. Meanwhile,the educational background and occupation of the parents were also investigated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The general status of child neglect and the effects of different family educational background and occupation of parents on child neglect were observed. RESULTS: Totally 370 questionnaires were sent out, and 370 qualified ones were recollected, the effective rate was 100%. ① In Suzhou city, the children were given better regards and good care in the aspects of education, medicine and safety, but neglects on children's physical and mental care still exists in a few families. ② Families of different educational background could think highly of the medical care, safety and psychical care of children, but neglects on education and emotional development more commonly existed in the families with the educational background under university. ③ All the families with different occupation could think highly of the medical care, safety and physical care of the children, but education and emotional development were better in the cadre families than in the ordinary families.CONCLUSION: In Suzhou city, the children are given better regards and good care in the aspects of education, medicine and safety, but some bad manifestations of child neglect exist in education and emotion, which are associated with the educational background and occupation of the parents.Further studies about the evaluation, prevention and intervention are needed for child neglect in China.

Objective To explore the susceptibility of Candida albicans biofilms to micafungin. Methods In vitro model of C. Albicans biofilm was established in 96-well microtiter plates with 30 C. Albicans isolates from the Department of Mycology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai. The susceptibility of C. Albicans biofilms to fluconazole, amphotericine B and micafungin was evaluated by colorimetric XTT-reduction assay. Sessile MIC80 (SMIC80), defined as the lowest antifungal concentration at which an 80% reduction in fungal growth was achieved, was determined. Results Of the 30 C. Albicans isolates grown in sessile states, all were resistant to fluconazole (SMIC80≥64 μg/mL), 4 sensitive to amphotericine B (SMIC80≤1 μg/mL), 26 resistant to amphotericine B (SMIC80 > 1 μg/mL), 27 sensitive to micafungin (SMIC80 < 16 μg/mL), 3 resistant to micafungin (SMIC80 >16 μg/mL). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the activity against C. Albicans biofilms between micafungin and fluconazole (χ2=736.36, P<0.01), micafungin and amphotericine B (χ2=529.95, P<0.01), but not between anphotericine B and fluconazole (χ2=2.29, P>0.05). Conclusion C. Albicans biofilms are resistant to routine antifungal agents such as fluconazole and amphotericine B, but relatively more sensitive to micafungin.

Objective To investigate the effect of calcium antagonist verapamil on the function of rat?- cells and tolbutamide (D860)-induced insulin release.Methods Insulin released from isolated islets were measured in control,verapamil,D860,and verapamil+D860 groups.Furthermore,intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was conducted in acute experiments treated with verapamil and D860 respectively to assess?-cell function in rats with the same allocation as in vitro.Another IVGTT was performed in the end of 4 weeks' treatment.The insulin contents in pancreas were assayed and pancreas islets morphology were observed with immunohistochemistry.Results Verapamil could inhibit insulin release from isolated islets.Verapamil group was [(1.244?0.082)ng?ml~(-1)?islet~(-1)]and control group (2.623?0.226) ng?ml~(-1)?islet~(-1)(P0.05).Also,similar results were obtained in normal rats during acute experiments and verapamil reduce the hypoglycemic effect promoted by D860. However,above results were not observed in the end of 4 weeks experiments,and no difference for insulin content and morphological change in islets was found among four groups.Conclusion Treatment of verapamil chronically does not impair islet function and interfere with the hypoglycemic effect of D860 in rats .

Objective To explore the influence of studying in the elderly university on the cognitive function for elderly. Methods Elderly university group (EUG) was consised of 105 subjects aged ≥60 who studied in the elderly university for one year. Controlled group(CG) was consisted of 105 elderly over 60 years of age who were siblings for subjects and would not studied in elderly university. Meanwhile, it was excluded if they were working. Two groups were excluded depression patients before study. The assessment tools were composed of Center for epidemiological survey of depression scale (CES-D), activity of daily living scale(ADL), mini-mental state examination (MMSE)and Wechsler's adult intelligence scale(WAIS). There were no significant statistics difference in scales of CES-D, ADL, MMSE and WAIS between two groups. Results There were no significant statistics difference of CES-D, ADL and MMSE between two groups after a year, however, the scales of ADL for controlled group after one year was higher than that before one year( t = 2. 191, P = 0.031 ). The MMSE mark shows one(0.95% )sustain cognitive impairment in EUG after one year; meanwhile there were six elders of (5.77%)come up to critical value of cognitive impairment in CG, the difference was almost statistical significance (P=0. 058 ). The WAIS mark demonstrated the total scale, VQ scale and PQ scale was declining. The score of total scale and perform scale of WAIS in CG were (110.3 ±8.2 )and (110.9 ±7.7) respectively. The score of total scale and perform scale of WAIS in CG were ( 107.8 ± 9.6 ) and ( 107.9 ± 13.4 ) respectively. There were significant difference between two groups(P=0. 044, P=0. 049). Furthermore, after one year the score of total scale of WAIS in CG( 110. 6 ± 7.4 ) outstanding be lower than that one year ago(P = 0. 022 ). There was no significant means for the total scale , verbal scale and perform scale of WAIS in CEG before and after year.Conclusion The program of continue education may play a positive role to stay or to improve the descending of the cognitive function in the elderly.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment for intracranial venous sinus thrombosis based on individual condition. Methods Twelve patients with intracranial venous sinus thrombosis were treated with endovascular management according to the severity and course of disease after they failed to respond to anticoagulant therapy. The clinical signs and symptoms,cerebrospinal fluid pressure and arteriovenous circulation time were observed and followed up (including MRV). Intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombus maceration were carried out in all 12 patients,while intravenous thrombolysis, mechanical thrombus maceration in combination with intra-arterial thrombolysis were employed in 3. After the treatment, anticoagulant therapy was carried out for 6 months.The patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months. Results Of the twelve patients, clinical signs and symptoms included slight headache (2 cases), mild hemiplegia (1 case), ambiopia or blurred vision (3 cases). The cerebrospinal fluid pressure returned to under 26 cm H2O (1 cm H2O =0.098 kPa)following treatment from 28 to 38 cm H2O [ mean (32. 4 ±3.0) cm H2O] in preoperative measurement and the arteriovenous circulation time returned to below 10 s in all patients following treatment. Neither recurrence of thrombosis nor new symptoms of neurologic dysfunction was observed. No procedure-related intracranial or systemic hemorrhagic complications occurred both during and after the operation with the exception of a subcutaneous bleeding at the venopuncture site. Conclusion Endovascular treatment is effective and safe for patients with intracranial venous sinus thrombosis.

This paper analyzes the scientific research guidance, author's area & units distribution, coauthor rate and quotations in "Chinese Journal of Medical Instrumentation", and offers some suggestions for the Journal so as to play an important role in scientific research in the future.
Bibliometrics ; China ; Humans ; Journalism, Medical ; Multivariate Analysis ; Periodicals as Topic ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To investigate the expressions and significance of IL-22 and related cytokines (IL-23pl9 and IL-6) in sera and PBMCs of patients with psoriasis. Methods Sera and PBMCs were obtained from the venous blood samples from 58 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 20 normal human controls. The PBMCs were subjected to culture for 5 hours followed by the collection of cells and culture supernatant. Then,quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to examine the mRNA expressions of IL-22, IL-23pl9 and IL-6 in PBMCs, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELJSA) to detect the level of IL-22 protein in the sera and culture supernatant of PBMCs. Results In the patients with psoriasis and controls, the relative expression level in PBMCs was 4.48 ± 2.64 and 2.35 ± 0.91 respectively for IL-22 mRNA, 6.07 ± 4.09 and 2.61 ± 1.46 respectively for IL-23pl9 mRNA, 3.87 ± 1.49 and 1.48 ± 0.62 respectively for IL-6 mRNA; significant differences were observed between the two groups in all the above parameters (all P < 0.01). ELISA revealed that the level of IL-22 protein in the patients and controls was (86.23 ± 25.58) ng/L and (43.67 ± 14.82) ng/L respectively in the sera (P< 0.01), (119.11 ± 21.51) ng/L and (57.70 ± 13.17) ng/L respectively in the culture supernatant of PBMCs (P< 0.01). Conclusion There is an overexpression of IL-22 in the PBMCs and sera of patients with psoriasis, implying that IL-22 is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

As the preparation process from Salvia miltiorrhiz herbs to S. miltiorrhiz injection involves complicated technology and has relatively more factors impacting quality safety, the overall quality control is required for its effectiveness and safety. On the basis of the component structure theory, and according to the material basis of S. miltiorrhiz injection, we discussed the multi-dimensional structure and process dynamic quality control technology system of the preparation, in order to achieve the quality control over the material basis with safety and effectiveness of S. miltiorrhiz injection, and provide new ideas and methods for production quality standardization of S. miltiorrhis injection.
Drug Compounding ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Injections ; Quality Control ; Safety ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry