As a most common algal toxin in eutrophic freshwater body, microcystins can be produced by the bloom-forming Cyanophyta microcystis, it has become a potential hazardous substance in aquatic environments for its toxic, distribution and stability. With the increasing recognition of microcystins, China had added microcystin-LR into the related water quality standards. It is very important to detect and control the microcystins in the aquatic environment. This paper systematically introduced the current situation of researches about the determination and pollution control technique of microcystins in drinking water at home and abroad in resent years and then some issues worth of paying more attention to and doing further study in pollution control in future were presented.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Angong Niuhuang Pill (ANP) on Thl/Th2 in cerebral infarction patients and to explore the mechanism of phlegm-heat obstructing orifices.

METHODSRe- cruited were 30 cerebral infarction patients of phlegm-heat obstructing orifices syndrome (PHOOS) both in China and Indonesia. They were assigned to 4 groups according to the use of ANP, the Chinese treatment group, the Indonesia treatment group, the Chinese control group, and the Indonesia control group. Patients in the two control groups received conventional treatment, while those in the two treatment group additionally took ANP for 30 successive days. Their adverse reactions were observe, and levels of INF-γ and IL-4 were detected.

RESULTSThe INF-γ level and the INF-γ/IL-4 ratio significantly decreased, and the IL-4 level increased after treatment in the four groups with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group after treatment in the same country, the INF-γ level and the INF-γ/IL-4 ratio were lower, and the IL-4 level was higher in the two treatment groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the two Chinese groups, the INF-γ level and the INF-γ/IL-4 ratio were higher, and the IL-4 level was lower in the two Indonesian groups (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the post-treatment indices between the two treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONSANP had moderating effect on Th1/Th2 in cerebral infarction pa- tients. Cerebral infarction patients of PHOOS might exist certain relation with Th1/Th2.

Cerebral Infarction ; drug therapy ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism

Bleomycin ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Female ; Hemangioma ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Iodized Oil ; therapeutic use ; Syndrome ; Thrombocytopenia ; therapy

Forty-two patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were refered to 3 groups:type 2 DM without diabetic nephropathy (DN),type 2 DM with DN in the initial stage and type 2 DM with DN in the clinical stage.Ten healthy subjects were served as control group.Plasma adrenomedullin (ADM),urinary?_1- microglobulin (MG) and?_2-MG were detected.The results showed that the level of plasma ADM rose gradually with the development of DN and was positively correlated with markers of tubulointerstiial injury such as urinary?_1- MG and?_2-MG (both P

Calcitonin ; blood ; Fluorine ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Osteocalcin ; blood

Objective The observation Shengrong Capsule union chemotherapy treatment to a treatment invalid non-small-cell lung cancer curative effect and the poisonous side reaction.Methods Using Shengrong Capsule to unite other commonly used chemotherapy medicine compositions the union ehemotheraPY plan to treat the non-small-cell lung cancer 68 examples to observe its curative effect and the poisonous side effect.Results Treatment group in the near future alleviating rate 89.2%,comparison group 70.1%;Symptom improvement rate:The treatment group 81.5%,the comparison group is 53.9%;The white blood cell descending rate treatment group is 29.0%,the comparison group is 41.9%;The blood platelet descending rate treatment group is 29.0%,the comparison group is 48.4%;Statistics processing has the remarkable difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion This group of materials demonstrated Shengrong Capsule joinfly to treat the non-small cell lung cancer with other chemotherapy medicines to obtain 89.2% alleviating rate,also can the obvious blood and the non-system a sanguineum poisonous side reaction,Shengrong Capsule be is effective,economical and safe.

Objective To observe the time characteristics of acute aortic dissection (AAD) in Urumqi and its peripheral areas in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and to explore the effect of meteorological conditions on the onset of AAD.Methods Retrospective analysis of the related data of the adult AAD patients diagnosed by imaging examination, and admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from March 2010 to July 2016 was performed. The onset time, the contemporaneous meteorological data, including daily minimum, average, and the highest temperature, daily average air pressure, daily average relative humidity, daily precipitation, daily average wind speed, daily maximum wind speed, and sunshine duration per day were collected. Analysis of concentrated distribution trend of the AAD onset was done by circular distribution statistics. Meteorological conditions were compared between the AAD day and no AAD day. The changes of air temperature 5 days before onset were observed.Results A total of 379 patients were enrolled, with 307 male and 72 female. The ratio of male to female was 4.19:1, the average age was 52.27±12.18; and the underlying diseases was hypertension (about 58.05%); the incidence sites were Urumqi and Changji city. ① The incidence of AAD in Urumqi and its peripheral areas had clear concentrated trend, and the peak period of AAD corresponded to January 1st to 2nd (homogeneity testr = 0.104,r0.05 = 0.009,P < 0.05). ② The minimum, mean and maximal atmospheric temperatures on the AAD day were lower than no AAD day [℃: 4.10 (-9.55, 14.60) vs. 7.75 (-6.70, 16.20), 14.10 (-1.50, 25.00) vs. 17.50 (0.60, 26.78), 8.50 (-6.22, 19.45) vs. 12.10 (-3.60, 20.90), allP < 0.05], sunshine duration was significantly shorter than no AAD day [hours: 8.50 (4.60, 10.70) vs. 8.90 (5.50, 11.50), P< 0.01], and atmospheric pressure were higher than no AAD day [kPa: 91.24 (90.66, 91.75) vs. 91.12 (90.62, 91.61), 19.11 (18.99, 19.22) vs. 19.09 (18.98, 19.19), bothP < 0.05]; there were no significant differences in the incidence of daytime temperature difference, average relative humidity, precipitation, average wind speed, and maximum wind speed between the two groups. ③ the peak period of AAD occurrence was December (38 cases), which was followed by January (36 cases); and there were 26 cases of each month in May, June, July, and September, which were lower than the rest of months. It was shown by the temperature distribution that the minimum average temperature was in January (-12.46 ℃), followed by December (-9.03 ℃); the maximum average temperature was in July [(24.59±3.21)℃], followed by August [(23.14±3.64)℃]. ④ The patients was sorted according to the quartile of daily mean temperature, into < -5.2 ℃, -5.2-10.7 ℃, 10.7-20.4 ℃, and > 20.4 ℃ groups, and each group had 104, 99, 98, 78 cases of AAD, respectively. The number of AAD in lowest temperature group was 1.33 times of the highest temperature group. In the 45-59 and 60-74 years, the number of AAD in lowest temperature group was higher than that in the highest temperature group (50 vs. 36, 26 vs. 13). In patients with hypertension, the number of AAD in lowest temperature group was higher than that in the highest temperature group (60 vs. 44). ⑤ The maximum air temperature, mean air temperature of the day from 5 days before to the onset day of AAD, and the lowest temperature from 3 days before to the onset day of AAD display slowly decrease trends, but there was no significant difference in daily temperature.Conclusions The incidence of AAD in Urumqi and its peripheral areas was concentrated from January 1st to 2nd of each year. When the temperature was lower than -5.2 ℃, AAD were more likely to attack. The 5 days changes of temperature and daily temperature before the attack were relevant with onset of AAD. It was speculated that the weather conditions such as air temperature may affect patient who has a past history of cardiovascular disease to attack AAD.

OBJECTIVETo study clinical effects of unilateral pedicle screw-rod system fixation combined with the single the cage of interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar degenerative instability via paraspinal intermuscular approach under MAST Quadrant retractor.

METHODSFrom February 2010 to December 2011, 39 patients with lumbar degenerative instability after invalid conservative treatment were treated with unilateral fixation combined with interbody fusion via the paraspinal intermuscular approach under MAST Quadrant retractor. The indexes such as the operative time, blood loss, complications, VAS pain scores, JOA (subjective symptoms of low back pain,lower limb pain and numbness, sensory disturbance, movement disorders) scores, modified Macnab criteria for curative effect evaluation were observed before treatment, at the 1st month after treatment and the latest follow-up. The intervertebral fusion was studied on the X-ray at the latest follow-up.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the mean during was (22.3 +/- 8.6) months. The operation time was (138 +/- 46) min, and the amount of bleeding was (335 +/- 152) ml. There were no complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and spinal nerve injury during operation, and no incision infection after operation. The VAS pain score was reduced from preoperative 7.93 +/- 1.27 to 2.05 +/- 1.18 on the 1st month after operation and 1.89 +/- 0.42 at the latest follow-up. The JOA total score was improved from preoperative 1.59 +/- 0.42 to 8.86 +/- 0.37 on the 1st month and 9.02 +/- 0.29 at the latest follow-up. According to modified Macnab criteria, there were 17 cases got an excellent result, 19 good, 3 case fair. Thirty-five patients got intervertebral bony fusion at the latest follow-up.

CONCLUSIONUnilateral pedicle screw-rod system fixation combined with single cage interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar degenerative instability via paraspinal intermuscular approach under MAST Quadrant retractor is a safe, minimally invasive, satisfactorily effective methods to treat lumbar degenerative instability.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; surgery ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedicle Screws ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Spinal Fusion ; Treatment Outcome

To study the pharmacokinetics characteristic of loganin, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside in rat plasma after oral administration of Bushen Tongluo formula. The plasma samples were treated by using liquid-liquid extraction technique, the concentrations were determined by HPLC-UV. Johnson spherigel C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) was adopted and eluted with the of mobile phase of methanol-water containing 0.01% glacial acetic acid in a gradient mode, with the flow rate at 1.0 mL x min(-1), column temperature at 30 degrees C and injection volume of 10 μL. According to the findings, loganin was determined at 235 nm, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside were determined at 320 nm, with the sample size of 10 μL. The pharmacokinetic parameters of loganin, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside were calculated by DAS 2. 0 software as follows: C(max) was (0.369 ± 0.042), (0.387 ± 0.071), (0.233 ± 0.044) mg x L(-1); t(max) was (0.226 ± 0.022), (0.282 ± 0.031), (0.233 ± 0.044) h; t(½β) was (6.89 ± 0.20), (10.73 ± 0.11), (6.93 ± 0.09) h; AUC(0-∞) was (1.91 ± 0.36), (3.22 ± 0.52), (1.52 ± 0.33) mg x h x L(-1); AUCO(0-t) was (1.62 ± 0.33), (2.58 ± 0.43), (1.30 ± 0.30) mg x h x L(-1); CL was (20.2 ± 4.0), (1.39 ± 0.23), (31.7 ± 6.9) L x h(-1) x kg(-1), respectively. The results showed that after the oral administration with Bushen Tongluo formula, loganin, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside showed concentration-time curves in conformity with the two compartment model, with a rapid absorption, loganin and stilbene glucoside was excreted at a moderate speed, and ferulic acid was excreted slowly (but with the highest bioavailability). Bushen Tongluo formula can main maintain plasma concentration with three administrations everyday and so is suitable to be made into common oral preparation.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Coumaric Acids ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Iridoids ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stilbenes ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

BACKGROUND: The cell growth, proliferation and differentiation caused by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) might act as the common pathway in the onset and development of diabetic vascular complication.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on p38MAPK signal pathway and the influence of atorvastatin on cell proliferation and expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) at transcriptional level in human glomerular mesangial cells (HGMCs) cultured with oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL).DESIGN: A randomized, parallelized, controlled and open trial.SETTING: Endocrinology Department, First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University; Endocrinology Department,Respiratory Department, Urology Department, the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment had been done in the laboratories for Pharmaceutical Department of China Medical University and Respiratory Department of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from May 2004 to May 2005. The sample was cut from renal cortex from the healthy segment of nephroectomy from a tumor patient (Provided by Xiang Jun, Urology Department, the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA; Informed consent was obtained). OX-LDL was purchased from biochemistry institute of Peking Union Medical College (Batch No.20040711 ). ox-LDL was 5.3±1.0 nmol in 100 μg protein. Atorvastatin was purchased from Pfizer Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd (No. 45837088); p38MAPK monocloncal antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz.METHODS: ① 6.0-8.0 cm3 blocks of cortex were cut from renal cortex from the healthy segment of nephroectomy from a tumor patient, glomerular mesangial cells were isolated. When grew into 80% confluent monolayer, the cells were digested and performed passage. After the first two passages, the cells were pure based on morphology and characterized by DAB staining for Vimentin antigen and actin antigen was positive, whereas cytokeratin antigen was negative. Oil red "O" staining confirmed that ox-LDL was intaken by HGMCs. The 4-8th passages of cells were used to study. ②HGMCs were seeded into 96-well plates with 5×103 cells per well and grown in 200 μL culture medium. The study was divided into 5 groups (6 wells each group): 1.2, 6,12 mg/L atorvastatin group, ox-LDL group and blank control group. The cells were pre-incubated with atorvastatin for 30 minutes, then exposed to 80 mg/L ox-LDL. The cells in blank control group were untouched. After 24 hours, MTT was added. The absorbance of each sample at the wavelength of 492 nm was measured with immunosorbant assay system. The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation was calculated. ③1×106 to 3×106 cells were seeded into six 200 mL flasks. The trial was divided into 5 groups randomly:control group, 10, 40, 80 mg/L ox-LDL groups and atorvastatin group (12 mL/g). The cells in each group were pre-incubated for 30 minutes, then exposed to 80 mg/L ox-LDL for 24-routine culture. The expressions of TGF-β1mRNA of harvested cells were detected with semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and p38MAPK signal pathway activation was detected by Western blot.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Identification results of HGMCs. ② Proliferation of HGMCs. ③ TGF-β1 expression of HGMCs. ④p38MAPK signal pathway activation of HGMCs.RESULTS: ①When the cells were sub-cultured to the second generation, cell volume was big. Most of the cells were spindle-shaped, irregular stellate or branch-like, filled with microfilaments which paralleled axis. Cells overlapped in the intensive area. After DAB staining, cytoplastic actin and vimentin were positive and keratin was negative. Oil red "O"staining confirmed that ox-LDL was intaken by HGMCs with red granules in the cytoplasma, while control group did not.It was proved that the cells cultured for passage were HGMCs. ② As compared with control group, the inhibitory rate of cell proliferation in ox-LDL group was significantly decreased, but that in atorvastatin 1.2, 6 and 12 mg/L groups was significantly increased (0, -17.4%, 6.4%, 22.5%, 61.5%, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01) on concentration-dependent manner. ③ As compared with control group, ox-LDL (10, 40, 80 mg/L) increased the expression of TGF-β1 and activation of p38MAPK in concentration-dependent manner, the effect of 80 mg/L ox-LDL group was the most significantly (P ＜ 0.01). Atorvastatin decreased the increment of TGF-β1 expression and the activation of p38MAPK pathway induced by ox-LDL significantly. There was significant difference when compared with 80 mg/L ox-LDL group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin can antagonize the activation of p38MAPK pathway, decrease the secretion of TGF-β1 and inhibit mesangial cell proliferation induced by ox-LDL, suggesting that it may exert beneficial effect in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy with dyslipidemia.