With the change in the modes of medicine, the traditional educational mode of clinical medicine is unable to meet the development demands of modern medicine. Evidence based medicine, a new mode of medical treatment, reflects the development trends of modern medicine and represents the direction of modern medical advancement. Judging from the perspective of medical education, evidence based medicine is a learning method which differs from the traditional educational mode and represents a new concept of education in clinical medicine. The rise of evidence based medicine demonstrates the direction of reform in medical education in the world today and will also bring about great changes in the mode of medical education in China. It is imperative for us to follow the trend in clinical medical education, update concepts on medical education in line with the basic ideas of evidence based medicine, and push forward reform in the mode of medical education.

Objective To investigate the changes of alveolar epithelial permeability and the capacity of alveolar epithelium to remove alveolar fluid in the rat models of acute lung injury induced by oleic acid.Methods A total of 35 Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the control group(n=7),and the injured group(n=28) in which the lung injury was induced by intravenous injection of oleic acid at the dose of 0.25 ml/kg.The alveolar liquid clearance rate(ALCR),total lung water content(TLW),extravascular lung water content(EVLW) and alveolar epithelial permeability(AEP) were examined in 3,6,12,24 h after injury(n=7 at each time point).Results After lung injury,there was continuous increase of AEP,TLW and EVLW,as well as progressive reduction of ALCR.On 24 h after injury when all changes were most significant,AEP was increased by 68.7%,ALCR was reduced by 49.4%,TLW and EVLW increased by 44.6% and 92.0% respectively,as compared with control group.Conclusion The alveolar epithelial barrier might play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema in acute lung injury.

Objective It has been shown that fluorinated inhalational anesthetics have various adverse effects on the lungs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of isoflurane (ISO) on the lungs in rats.Methods Ninety Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 140-200 g were randomly divided into two groups : (A) control group received only oxygen inhalation ( n = 30) and (B) isoflurane group (n = 60) which was farther divided into 2 subgroups (n = 30):0.6% and 1.4% isoflurane. In each subgroup isoflurane was inhaled for 2 h ( n = 10), 4h (n = 10) or 8 h ( n = 10) . The animals were placed in a glass container and isoflurane was delivered from ISO vaporizer into the container through the inlet. The end-tidal ISO concentration was checked at the outlet. The animals were sacrificed at the end of ISO inhalation. The lungs were immediately removed and blood was collected for determination of (1) lung water content, (2) protein content and neutrophil ratio in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) , (3) serum and BALF surfactant protein-A (SP-A) content and (4) microscopic examination. Results There was no significant difference in all variables between control group and 0.6% ISO subgroup. Exposure to 1.4% ISO for 8 h caused an increase in neutrophil ratio and protein content in BALF, and serum SP-A content but a decrease in BALF SP-A content. There was no significant difference in lung water content between control group and 1.4% ISO (8 h) subgroup. Conclusion Isoflurane (1 MAC) inhalation over 8 h may impair the function of alveolar epithelium.

Objective To explore the change of alveolar epithelial liquid clearance capacity in lung edema following acute lung injury induced by oleic acid.Methods Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: the control(C), injury(I), amiloride(A), ouabain(O),amiloride plus ouabain(AO), and terbutaline(T) groups. Acute lung injury was induced with intravenous oleic acid 0.25 mlkg -1. 24h after injury, 5% albumin solution (5 ml?kg -1) was delivered into both lungs via the trachea in C and I groups. In A, O, AO and T groups, amiloride (2?10 -3 mol/L),ouabain (5?10 -4 mol/L), amiloride (2?10 -3mol/L) and ouabain (5?10 -4 mol/L)mixture and terbutaline(10 -4 mol/L),added respectively to the albumine solution,at 5ml.kg -1 were administered intratracheally to both lungs separately. One hour later, the alveolar liquid clearance rate(ALC), total lung water content(TLW), extravascular lung water content(EVLW) and arterial blood gases were measured.Results As compared with those in C group, severe hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis appeared, ALC was reduced by 49.2% ,TLW and EVLW markedly increased in I group(P

Object To establish an analysis method for determ in ation of irone in Iris tectorum Maxim. f. alba Makino. Methods The three isomers of irone were quantitatively analyz ed by GC-MS. Irone in I. tectorum extract was determinated by GC. Results The three isomers of irone, ?, ?, ?- irone were s p eculated according to the MS splitting decomposition law. Irone contents in the extract were 687, 238 ?g/g (n=6), which h ad much difference. Conclusion The analysis method for irone by GC-MS and GC is hig her efficiency, precise, and the analysis time is acceptable.

AIM To study the effect of ketamine on proliferation,cell cycle in the cultured rat neural stem cells. METHODS The growth inhibition of ketamine on neural stem cell was evaluated by an MTT assay. The effect of ketamine on cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Ketamine inhibited the growth of cultured rat neural stem cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that G 0/G 1 phase rate was increased but S phase rate was decreased. CONCLUSION Ketamine can inhibit proliferation of cultured rat neural stem cells,and this inhibitition is associated with cell cycle block.

Objective To explore a kind of modified peritoneal dialysis (PD) adapt for acute renal failure (ARF) in children. Methods After punctured many pinholes in tail end and sterilized by ethylene oxide the ID 2. 5 tracheal tube and urinary catheter were used as PD - catheter for children. The tracheal tube or urinary catheter was placed in abdomen with Seldinger's techniques Then the PD was carried out in the way that dialysis solution passing in and out of abdomen in two different pipelines Results The edema, circulation and respiration of the 21 children with ARF were improved after PD in this way and the urine quantity increased too, although 5 of them died of D1C and MOSF. No peritonitis or leakage of PD solution was taken place. The Scr.BUN,UA,K + ,CO2- CP of the chidren were decreased from(424? 133)?mol/L,(41.5? 12 6) mmol/L, (764 ? 187) ?mol/L,(6 7 ?2. 1) mmol/L, (14 5 ? 3.7) mmol/L before PD to( 166?37) ?mot/L,(8.9?3 1) mmol/L,(350?74) ?mol/L,3.7?0 4 mmol/L,(23.0? 1. 8) ?mol/L.Conclusion Tracheal tube or urinary catheter may be used as PD- catheter for ARF in children.

Spleen cells from Balb/c mice immunized with HBsAg were fused with HGPRT deficiencyhybridoma cells that secret anti-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) monoclonal antibodies (McAb),and two bispecific McAb secreting triomas were obtainedit is reacted with HRP.

Adult ; Arteries ; anatomy & histology ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Larynx ; anatomy & histology ; blood supply ; Male ; Microsurgery

Objective To observe the effects of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on survival of the blade-thickness free skin grafts. Methods Sixty-five patients with skin defects were divided into NPWT treatment group ( Group Ⅰ,n =35) and conventional treatment group ( Group Ⅱ,n =30) according to different postoperative fixation methods.The patients in Group Ⅰ were fixed with the aid of NPWT after blade-thickness free skin grafting,and the patients in Group Ⅱ were fixed with tie-over bolster dressing. Results The survival rate of the skin grafts of Group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of Group Ⅱ at day5 postoperatively [ (80.59 ±10.30)％ vs (71.46 ±10.68)％,P＜0.05].The survival period for the skin grafts of Group Ⅰ was shorter than that of Group Ⅱ[ (5.34 ± 0.87) days vs ( 11.20 ± 1.65) days,P ＜ 0.01].The duration of postoperative hospital stay of Group Ⅰ was obviously shorter than that of Group Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.01 ).The cost of antibiotics of Group Ⅰ was less than that of Group Ⅱ [ ( 1 765.71 ± 164.39) RMB yuan vs (2 700.00 ±221.28) RMB yuan,P ＜0.01].The dressing frequency and cost of group Ⅰ were less than those of group Ⅱ [(3.11 ± 0.32) times,(249.14 ±25.82) RMB yuan vs (4.53 ±0.68) times,(362.67 ±54.52) RMB yuan,P＜0.01]. Conclusions The application of NPWT to the postoperative period of skin grafting can promote the survival of the skin grafts,shorten the duration of hospitalization and reduce antibiotics use and dressing frequency.