Objective To investigate the expression and significance of tumor necorisis factor related apoptosis induled ligand receptor(TRAILR) in human craniopharyngioma.Methods The expression of TRAILR was determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in 24 samples of craniopharyngioma and 16 samples of normal brain tissue.Results With low decoy receptor(DcR) expression in partial craniopharyngioma cells and low death receptor(DR) expression in partial normal brain cells,DR was expressed highly in all craniopharyngioma samples while DcR in most normal brain tissue. High DR expression and low DcR expression in craniopharyngioma tissue differed from low DR expression and high DcR expression in normal brain tissue(P

Objectives To clarify the basic data such as prevalent range,regiohal characteristics and the population at risk of drinking brick-tea type fluorosis in China.Methods Comprehensive survey for basic information was conducted in the provinces and autonomous regions where drinking brick-tea type fluorosis Wag prevalent,ineluding Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Tibet Autonomous Region, Sichuan Province,Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province,Gansu Province,Ningxia Autonomous Region and Yunan Province.The survey included the number ot counties(cifies)and townships(towns)where the people were accustomed to drinking brick-tea,pepulation,ethnic minority composition,the production and living style,sales and the kinds of brick-tea aIn so on.Results Two hundred and forty-one counties and 3246 townships were found to haye the habit 0f drinking brick-tea,among which 87.46%(2839/3246)had the habit for more than 30 years.There were 31 684 administrative vilages(residents' committees),15 047 elementary schools and 2873 temples surveyed,coveting a total population of 31 052 398 and 122 739 monks.Fifty-three ethnic minorities were involved.Han accounted for 44.86%(12 902 710/31 052 398), Uighur ethnic for 20.98%(7 416 474/31 052 398),Tibetan ethnic for 13.34%(4 323 272/31 052 398),Muslim ethnicfor 8.15%(2 767 603/31 052 398),Mongolian ethnic for 4.61%(1 400 206/31 052 398),Kazak ethnicfor 3.45% (1 218 272/31 052 398),of the population of drinking brick-tea,farmer population accounted for 64.13%(19 912 833/ 31 052 398),herdsman population for 8.79%(2 728 418/31 052 398),farmer-herdsman population for 12.53%(3 889 678/ 31 052 398)and town population for 14.56%(4 521 169/31 052 398).There Was 3926.74 tons of brick-tea sold per year in the investigated regions,mainly of Fu brick-tea,Green brick-tea and Black brick-tea.Areas with high brick- tea consumption distributed mainly in farmer region and farmer-herdsman region.Annual per capita consumption of brick-tea for farmers was 3.77 kg,and for farmer-herdsman population was 2.05 kg.Conclusions Begions with the habit of drinking brick-tea distributes extensively in western China and cover a huge population,and the herdsmen and farmer-herdsman are the main risk population.Drinking brick-tea type fluorosis is a seriolls public health issue in western China.

In this study, we use pot experiment to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulator on plant morphology and biomass allocation of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Different concentrations of uniconazole were supplied to S. miltioohiza by means of foliar spray. Height, breadth and stem diameter were measured dynamically, the biomass of leaf, stem, flower and fruit, root biomass and biomass ratio were also examined at the harvest time. Owing to the treatment, plant morphology showed significant changes, the height had been greatly reduced and the breadth decreased largely. Meanwhile, the biomass allocation changed too. The biomass ratio of leaf and stem had been notably reduced while the biomass ratio of root had been increased remarkably. It appears that foliar application of uniconazole during vigorous growth period in S. miltioohiza has dramatic effect on dwarfing plant and improving resistant to lodging. This measure could also be applied to condensed cultivation of S. miltioohiza to increase production.
Biomass ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Plant Roots ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Triazoles ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the change of pesticide residues in Chinese dietary through analysis on results of the pesticide residues in the Chinese total diet study carried out the first in 1990.

METHODSOrganochlorine, such as HCH and DDT of 9 groups and 15 organophosphorus pesticide residues of 3 groups in four regions of China were determined by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and gas chromatography-flame photometric detector (GC-FPD) respectively. According to the amount of pesticide residues in various foods and the amount of food consumption in different areas, we calculated the amount of dietary intake of pesticide residues, then compared with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) or provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI). The contaminated samples were validated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

RESULTSResults showed that the total dietary daily intake of HCH per person was decreasing from 5.04 micro g in 1990 to 3.11 micro g in 2000, where as the total dietary daily intake of DDT per person was decreasing from 20.47 micro g in 1990 to 2.15 micro g in 2000. The result was less than 1 percent difference of PTDI (0.01 mg/kg bw) established by the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) in 2000. Compared to the results in 1990, the intake of HCH from animal foods increased a little, due to the contaminated of aquatic products by Lindan in the second Southern region and the first Northern region. None of the organophosphorous pesticide residues analyzed were detected in cereals, vegetables and fruits.

CONCLUSIONThe intake level of pesticide residues in Chinese dietary in 2000 was considered to be low, and the abuse of organophosphorous pesticide seemed to be under effective control.

Animals ; China ; DDT ; analysis ; Edible Grain ; chemistry ; Fish Products ; analysis ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Humans ; Insecticides ; analysis ; Lindane ; analysis ; Pesticide Residues ; analysis ; Seafood ; analysis ; Vegetables ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study technique and clinical therapeutic effects of internal fixation with three-column plates for the treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures through antero-midline and postero-medial approaches.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to December 2012, 28 patients with complex tibial plateau fractures were treated with internal fixation using three-column plates through antero-midline and postero-medial approaches. There were 17 males and 11 females, with an average age of 45.3 years old (ranged, 28 to 64 years old). Twelve patients had injuries in the left side and 16 patients had injuries in the right side. According to Schatzker classification, 12 patients were type V, 16 patients were type VI. According to three-column classification, all the patients had injuries of lateral, medial and posterior columns. The mean interval from injury to operation was 9.4 days (ranged, 6 to 15 days). The main clinical symptoms were knee joint swelling, deformity and limitation of motion before operation. The X-ray and CT showed all patients had complex tibial plateau fractures, which involved in the lateral, medial and posterior columns. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by fracture healing time, hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS) at one year after operation. The indexes such as tibial plateau-tibial shaft angle (TPA), posterior slope angle (PA) and femoral-tibial angle (FfA) were compared between immediate postoperation and one year after operation.

RESULTSAll incisions primarily healed without postoperative complications such as infection and cutaneous necrosis. All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 24 months, with a mean of 18.1 months. The bone union time ranged from 5 to 10 months (mean, 7.8 months) after operation. Knee joint swelling and pain disappeared after bony union, and joint function completely recovered. The results of hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS) was 27.81 ± 2.17 in pain, 19.52 ± 2.05 in function,15.82 ± 1.73 in passive range of motion, 8.51 ± 1.32 in muscle strength, 8.33 ± 1.08 in flexion deformity, 9.36 ± 0.52 in joint stability, and the total mean score was 89.35 ± 3.19. According to results of HSS, 20 patients got an excellent result, 5 good,2 fair and 1 poor. There were no significant differences in tibial plateau-tibial shaft angle (TPA), posterior slope angle (PA) and femoral-tibial angle (FTA) between immediate postoperation and one year after operation.

CONCLUSIONThree-column plate internal fixation for the treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures through antero-midline and posteromedial approaches is effective to achieve anatomic reduction,rigid internal fixation and early functional exercise.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery

In this paper the contents of rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, crytotanshinone, tanshinone II(A) in samples of different original processed Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were determined by HPLC. Different processing methods have varied influences on four active ingredients in Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Sun-drying reduced the content of crytotanshinone, tanshi-none II(A) and rosmarinic acid, integralsamples were better than those cut into segments. Oven dry method had great influence on water--soluble ingredients, high temperature (80-100 degrees C) could easily cause big loss of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B. The role of traditional processing method "fahan: was complicated, the content of rosmarinic acid decreased, crytotanshinone and tanshinone II(A) increased, and salvianolic acid B showed no difference after "fahan". Drying in the shade and oven dry under low temperatrure (40-60 degrees C) were all effective to keep active ingredients of Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and, there was no difference between integral samples and samples cut into segments. Therefore, considering comprehensively the content of active ingredients in Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and processing costing etc., shade-drying or oven dry underlow temperature (40-60 degrees C) should be the most suitable original processing method.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hot Temperature ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Temperature

objective To explore the impact ot ideal health behaviors and health tactors on the detection rate of the carotid plaques.Methods Subjects with previous stroke,TIA,myocardial infarction were excluded from the study.A total of 5852 employees (active and retired employers from Tangshan Kailuan company) aged 40 years and over were included through stratified random sampling.Information was obtained from the unified questionnaire,measurements of blood biochemistry and carotid artery ultrasonography.Results (1) The carotid artery plaque detection rates were 67.0％,52.3％,50.5％,44.3％,37.2％,31.9％,26.1％ and 4.2％ in the groups with0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 components of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and health factors,respectively.(2) The carotid artery plaques total burden score [TBS:M (Q1,Q3)] were7(7,7),7(5,7),7(5,7),5(3,5),5(3,5),5(3,5),3(3,3),3(3,3) in the groups with 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 components of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and health factors,respectively.(3) Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that 3,4,5 and greater than 5 components of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and health factors were protective factors against carotid plaques compared to less than 2 components of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors (all P ＜ 0.05),the OR (95％ CI) values were 0.78 (0.62-0.98),0.53 (0.62-0.98),0.52 (0.39-0.71) and 0.40 (0.25-0.64),respectively.Conclusion Increasing ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors are negatively linked with the detection rate and TBS of the carotid plaques.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC) on expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-2, 9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) in lung fibroblasts of SiO(2) exposed rats.

METHODSSeventy-five Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups. The control group was administered with normal Saline. The model group and the interventional group were administered with SiO(2), and the interventional group was administered with NAC before SiO(2) was administered. Lung fibroblasts were isolated on day 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 after exposure to SiO(2). The expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were evaluated by Immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR.

RESULTS(1) The expressions of protein and mRNA of MMP-2 in the model group were higher than that in the control group on all days after exposure to SiO(2) (P < 0.01). The expression of protein of MMP-9 was higher than the control group on day 1, 3, 7, and mRNA was higher on day 1, 3 (P < 0.01). (2) The expression of protein of MMP-2 in the interventional group was lower than the model group on all days, higher than the control group on day 3, 7, 14, 28, and the expression of mRNA was higher than the control group, lower than the model group, on all days (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The expression of protein of MMP-9 in the interventional group was lower than the model group on day 1, 3, 7, but higher than the control group on day 3, 7, and mRNA was lower than the model group on days 1, 3, higher than the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONNAC inhibits the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 in lung fibroblasts.

Acetylcysteine ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; Lung ; cytology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Silicon Dioxide ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo explore metabolic changes after acute hypoxia and modulating effect of vitamins B₁, B₂, and PP supplementation in mice exposed to acute hypoxia.

METHODSFifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal, acute hypoxia, acute hypoxia with 2, 4 and 8 time-vitamins B₁, B₂, and PP supplementation. All mice were fed with corresponding diets for two weeks and then were exposed to a simulated altitude of 6,000 meters for 8 h, except for the normal group. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was used to identify the changes of serum metabolic profiles.

RESULTSThere were significant changes in some serum metabolites under induced acute hypoxia, essentially relative increase in the concentrations of lactate, sugar and lipids and decrease in ethanol. The serum levels of choline, succinate, taurine, alanine, and glutamine also increased and phosphocholine decreased in the acute hypoxia group. After vitamins B₁, B₂, and PP supplementation, all these metabolic changes gradually recovered.

CONCLUSIONSSignificant changes in serum metabolic profile were observed by metabolomics in mice exposed to acute hypoxia, and vitamins B₁, B₂, and PP supplementation proved to be beneficial to improving some metabolic pathways. It is suggested that the dietary intakes of vitamins B₁, B₂, and PP should be increased under hypoxia condition.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hypoxia ; blood ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Niacinamide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; drug effects ; Principal Component Analysis ; Riboflavin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Thiamine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Vitamin B Complex ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the metabolic changes of mice serum after loaded swimming and to provide a basis for the study of anti-fatigue functional food.

METHODSThe male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four group, fed an AIN-93 diet for 14 days, and forced to swim for 30, 60 or 120 min, respectively, with a load on their tails. The mice were executed after swimming immediately and the changes of serum metabolic profiles were analyzed using metabolomic approach. The spectrum was acquired by using Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill (CPMG) or Longitudinal Eddy Current Delay (LED) sequence, and transformed into 1H NMR spectrogram via Fourier transformation. All the data were analyzed by principal component analysis by using the SIMCA-P+ software.

RESULTSThe serum metabolic profiles changed significantly after loaded swimming. Serum beta-hydroxybutyric acid, acetate, lactate, lipid were increased and glucose, choline, phosphorylcholine, alanine and phosphatidylcholine decreased. These changes were time dependent.

CONCLUSIONThe changes of serum metabolic profiles after loaded swimming were time dependent, especially for lipid metabolite.Further study based on the interaction of choline and lipid metabolism may contribute to understand the mechanism of fatigue.

Animals ; Choline ; metabolism ; Fatigue ; blood ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Metabolome ; Mice ; Physical Exertion ; physiology ; Swimming ; physiology