Brain Abscess ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Leuconostoc ; pathogenicity ; Male ; Sepsis ; complications ; microbiology

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Ammonium Sulfate ; analysis ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; methods ; Workplace

Background Researches demonstrated that the long-term application of glucocorticoids can induce cataract. However, its molecular mechanism is unclear. Objective Present study was to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on the regulation of nuclear factor kappa B( NF-κB)/ inhibitor kappa B alpha( IκBα) line on human lens epithelial cells (LECs) and the LECs apoptosis. Methods Human LECs line(HLE2B3) were cultured and passaged in DMEM containing 20% fetal bovine serum and treated by different concentrations of dexamethasone(0. 01,0. 1,1,10,100 μmol/L) for 24,36 and 48 hours respectively. The LECs cultured in free-serum DMEM without dexamethasone were as blank control group. The expressions of IκBo: in the LECs were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) and Western blot, and the expressions of NF-κB neucleoprotein in LECs were detected by Western blot after exposure to dexamethasone. The apoptosis rate of LECs was determined by flow cytometer. Results Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the amplified gene fragment was coincident to designed one. The expressing level of NF-κB neucleoprotein in LECs was significantly lowed with the increase of dexamethasone concentration ( F = 36. 077 , P = 0. 004 ) , and that of IkBo: was evidently ascended ( F = 35. 741 ,P = 0. 002). In the same concentration of dexamethasone group,the expression of NF-κB in LECs showed the considerable alteration in different duration after treated of dexamethasone with the lowest expressing level in 36 hours, and significant differences were found in the expressing level between 24 hours and 36 hours ( P = 0. 002) and between 24 hours and 48 hours (P = 0. 01). The differences of expression of IκBá in LECs appeared the same pattern to NF-κB neucleoprotein. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of LECs was obviously enhanced after action of dexamethasone in a dose-dependent manner, showing a significant difference among different groups ( F = 73. 261, P = 0.001). Conclusion It is implied that dexamethasone results in the pathogenesis and development of glucocorticoid cataract by up-regulating the expression of IκBα in LECs and suppressing the activity of NF-κB and herein induce the apoptosis of LECs at concentration-and time-dependent manner. This might be one of cellular and biological mechanisms of glucocorticoid cataract formation.

Objective To study the related factors of recurrence after myomectomy. Methods The clinical data of 441 cases with myomectomy were collected. The age at the time of operation, body mass index(BMI), preoperative parity, and the location, size and number of myomas were recorded, and the postoperative recurrence rate was calculated. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed for possible factors related to recurrence. Results The average time of follow-up was(37.79?18.64) months. Recurrence was found in 125 cases, and 5-year cumulative rate of recurrence was 38.9%. The age at the time of operation, BMI, number of myomas and preoperative parity were related factors of recurrence(P

Gene chip is a research tool on molecular biology which can detect generous gene expression rapidly.The studies on gene chip of leiomyoma have revealed the changes of gene expression related to cell growth,proliferation,apoptosis,metabolism,angiogenesis,formation of extracellular matrix,cell differentiation and immunity.The article reviews the advance on gene chip of leiomyoma and approaches the pathogenesis of leiomyoma on molecular level.

Objective To evaluate the effect of alveolar recruitment maneuver on the perioperative pulmonary function in the morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.Methods Forty morbidly obese patients of both sexes,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 18-64 yr,with body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2,scheduled for elective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy,were randomly divided into either control group (group C) or alveolar recruitment maneuver group (group R) using a random number table,with 20 patients in each group.Patients in group C were treated with volume-or pressure-controlled ventilation after creation of pneumoperitoneum,maintaining the peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak) ≤ 30 cmH2O and partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 35-40 mmHg.Patients in group R received alveolar recruitment maneuver once every 30 min starting from creation of pneumoperitoneum until the end of surgery.Patients were transfered to post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) with endotracheal tube which was extubated when the unified extubation standard was achieved in PACU.The patients who stayed in PACU for 2 h showing no indications for extubation were transfered to intensive care unit for continuous ventilation support.Immediately after intubation,immediately after creation of pneumoperitoneum,at 30,60 and 90 min of pneumoperitoneum,and at the end of pneumoperitoneum,blood samples were collected from the radial artery for blood gas analysis.Immediately after intubation,immediately after creation of pneumoperitoneum,at 30,60 and 90 min of pneumoperitoneum,at the end of surgery,and immediately before discharge from PACU,Ppeak,plateau pressure (Peat),and dynamic lung compliance were recorded.The time for achieving extubation standard and time for achieving the standard for discharge from PACU were recorded.Patients were followed up until discharge,and the feeding time and duration of hospital stay were recorded.Results Compared with group C,PaO2 and oxygenation index were significantly increased at 90 min of pneumoperitoneum,at the end of surgery,and immediately before discharge from PACU,Ppeak was decreased at 60 and 90 min of pneumoperitoneum and immediately after the end of pneumoperitoneum,Pplat was decreased at 60 and 90 min of pneumoperitoneum,the dynamic lung compliance was increased at 30,60 and 90 min of pneumoperitoneum and immediately after the end of pneumoperitoneum,and the time for achieving extubation standard,time for achieving the standard for discharge from PACU,feeding time,and duration of hospital stay were shortened in group R (P＜0.05 or 0.01).In group C,one patient did not present with indications for extubation and were transfered to intensive care unit for continuous ventilation support.Conclusion Intraoperative alveolar recruitment maneuver can effectively improve the intraoperative pulmonary function and promote the recovery of postoperative pulmonary function in the morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

In order to solve the problems of erratic drug absorption and low bioavailability after oral administration for poorly-water soluble drugs due to low solubility, a series of novel pharmaceutical dosage forms as solid dispersion, liposome, microemulsion, vesicle, cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and drug nanocrystal have been developed in recent years. Among which drug nanocrystal attracts more attentions for its simpler preparation method, higher drug loading and easier manufacturing technology in the design of dosage forms suitable for different administration routes. In this paper, the nanocrystals of the poorly-water soluble drugs prepared based on bottom-up and top-down technologies were introduced. The characteristics and applications of the nanocrystal-based dosage forms as suspension, tablet and capsule were also introduced and carefully evaluated with the focus on their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and tissue targeted drug distribution after delivery by oral administration, intravenous injection and pulmonary inhalation. The advantages of drug nanocrystals in their therapeutics effects over the bulk drugs were discussed together with the inherent mechanism. Finally, the problems existing in basic research and scaled-up manufacture of drug nanocrystal as well as the possible ways of solution were listed out so as to make the nanocrystal-based preparations exert their maximum therapeutic effect after clinical application.

Objective To discuss the intensive gastric cavitary lavage method in treatment of stress ulcer bleeding(SUB).Methods The therapeutic effects of 100 patients with severe SUB in intensive care unit (ICU)from July 2005 to February 2008 treated with intensive gastric cavity lavage method were observed and analyzed.Results In these 100 cases,the bleeding was stopped successfully in 97 cases,the therapeutic effective rate being 97%;there were 17 cases died of complicated pulmonary infection(17%)and 3 cases of bleeding(3%),the total fatality rate being 20%.All the other cases were cured.Conclusion Intensive gastrointestinal lavage therapy is an effective method as acid inhibitor for treatment of SUB,but it can decrease the inhabitant flora in the stomach to pass through gastric-pulmonary route,thus the incidence of pulmonary infection was reduced.

Objective To evaluate the value of reconstruction of three-dimentional CT in development dislocation of hip(DDH)in children.Methods Twelve cases of DDH concluded 4 bilateral and 8 unilateral cases.To sum up,16 sick hips were operated and 8 normal hips were also obtained by three-dimensional CT(Hip speed Fi/x,GE Co).Results 3D reconstruction were used to show femoral head,(acetabulum) and relationship of acetabulum and femoral head respectively.The difference between FNA measurement of sick hips and those of normal hips were significant(P