This paper reviews the recent advances in recombinant expression and purification of defensins, including the choice of host cells, vectors and expression strategies in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell ex- pression systems, as well as the status of purification processes. By summarizing the problems existed in the production and clinical applications of defensins, the authors here also pointed out the research directions for defensins, and conceived the prospects for its exploitation in the future.

Objective To study the job demand of vocational medical laboratory technology in Jiangsu Province ,and as a basis to build curriculum system of vocational medical laboratory technology .Methods We surveyed 128 medical laboratory related institu‐tions in Jiangsu Province ,the survey included the demand for talent ,changing needs of reasons ,demand for vocational talent and job skill requirements ,data of the survey results were collected and analyzed .Results Demand for vocational talents for tertiary hospi‐tals were small ,while the primary health care institutions and relevant private medical institutions and companies were exuberant . The main jobs were clinical testing technology direction and pathological examination technical direction .In addition ,blood transfu‐sion and transfusion technology direction ,testing reagents and equipment marketing direction and technical for andrology laboratory direction also were needed .Conclusion According to the survey results ,we determine educational objectives ,basic requirement and specialty orientation of vocational medical examination major ,and propose clinical laboratory specializing in the basic platform+specialty orientation modulefor the curriculum system of vocational medical examination major .

Objective To investigate the micrometastases of No 13 lymph node in gastric carcinoma. Methods In this study, the expression of CK20mRNA, a specific tumor marker of gastric carcinoma, was detected by RQ-PCR for No. 13 group lymph node micrometastasis in 44 gastric carcinoma patients undergoing D2 radical gastrectomy plus No 13 lymph node dissection. Patient's survival was compared with those of 49 gastric cancer eases receiving standard D2 gastrectomy. Results No 13 lymph node micmmetastasis was detected in 11 out of the 44 gastric cancer cases (25%). Micrometastasis was correlated with tumor histological type (P < 0.01) such as mucoid adenocarcinoma and ring cell carcinoma, but not with age, sex, tumor location, tumor size, Bonnann type, depth of invasion (P > 0.05). Group No13 lymph node micrometastasis was detected in 2 out of 6 cases with positive No[2 lymph nodes and in 4 out of 11 cases with positive No14 lymph nodes, the differences were significant with P <0.01, and P < 0.01 respectively, when compared with those with negative No12 lymph nodes and No14 lymph nodes. After a respective median 448 and 419 days follow-up, no obstructive jaundice caused by No 13 lymph node metastasis was detected after No 13 lymph node dissection in radical gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma and such obstructive jaundice was found in one case in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in tumor recurrence between the two groups (Log Rank x2 = 0.426, P = 0.514). Conclusions Dissection of No 13 lymph node in D2 gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma is recommended in patients with poor-differentiation adenocarcinoma, mucous-cell cancer and signet-ring cell cancer, or when No 12 and No 14 lymph node metastasis is suspected.

Objective To observe the effect of immunity condition and clinical manifestations of children with recurrent oral-ulcer(ROU)treated with aciclovir(ACV) and a-polyresistin.Methods Forty-eight patients with ROU were randomly divided into whole treated group(25 cases)and partial treatment group(23 cases).The changes of their peripheral blood lymphocyte subgroups,before and after treatment,were measured and contrasted to analyze the relationship with curative effect.Results The ratios of CD3,CD4,and CD4/CD8,after the treatment,increased obviously,while CD8 lowered obviously in treatment group(P0.05).The total clinical efficacy rate was 47.82%,moreover the patients were recurrent after 1 year.Conclusions ACV and a-polyresistin,through antivirus and regulating the immunity function get the 96% total clinical efficacy rate,and that controle the recurrent rate.It is superior to the traditional method.

Arsenic ; urine ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Formamides ; analysis ; Humans ; Urinalysis ; methods

0.05).The amount of transfusion blood transfured was 514.7ml?172. 56ml.The amount of thoracic drainage was larger in transfusion group than that in no-transfusion group(P

Adrenal Medulla ; cytology ; secretion ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Catecholamines ; secretion ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromaffin Cells ; cytology ; secretion ; Primary Cell Culture

Objective To investigate the in vitrointervening effect of ratserum effector substances on vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migrationafter stasis-eliminating and meridian-unblocking moxibustion and explore the possible proangiogenic mechanism of stasis-eliminating and meridian-unblocking moxibustion treatment for vascular dementia.Method Male adult Wistar rats were used.Arat model ofvascular dementia was made by four-vessel occlusion(4-VO).The rats were randomized to moxibustion,Western medicationand model groups.Asham operation group was established as a control.There was a total of four groups.The moxibustion group received aconite cake moxibustion on point Baihui(GV20)and suspended moxibustion on points Dazhui(GV14)and Shenting(GV24) and the Western medication, an oralgavage of aniracetam tablets.Treatment was given 15 days as one course for a total of two courses.Blood was taken from the Orbital cavity in the moxibustion, sham operation and model groups after each course of treatment.After stasis-eliminating and meridian-unblocking moxibustion, animal serum was prepared tointervene in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC-12) culture.Another parallel liquid group was set up. RPMI-1640 culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) was prepared.Endothelial cell proliferationwas examined bymethyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay.Endothelial cell migration was examined by cell scratch labeling.Result After two courses of treatment, the examination of endothelial cell proliferation by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay showed that rat serum intervened significantly in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC-12) proliferation in the moxibustion serum group compared with the model serum, sham operation serum and parallel liquid groups (P<0.01).At 24 hrs after two courses of treatment, the examination of endothelial cell migrationby cell scratch labelingshowed that rat serum intervention significantly increased the HUVEC-12 migration rate in the moxibustion serum group compared with the model serum, sham operation serum and parallel liquid groups (P<0.01).Conclusion Stasis-eliminating and meridian-unblocking moxibustion has a marked improving effect on vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration in vascular dementiarats, which provides strong evidence for its in vitro proangiogenic effect.

Neuropsychology, as well as cognitive neuroscience investigates the process of human cognition using several in vivo systemic approaches in order to explore neural mechanism. Besides the routine clinical neuropsychological assessments, up to date the latest neuroimaging techniques based on acoustics, optics, electricity and magnetism, have been applied to construct three-dimensional neuroimaging representations through mathematic models, and to identify functional areas or lesions in the brain. Presently, the combined use of functional MRI (fMRI) and event related potential (ERP) techniques is pioneering, especially when integrated synchronously.

Background Researches demonstrated that the long-term application of glucocorticoids can induce cataract. However, its molecular mechanism is unclear. Objective Present study was to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on the regulation of nuclear factor kappa B( NF-κB)/ inhibitor kappa B alpha( IκBα) line on human lens epithelial cells (LECs) and the LECs apoptosis. Methods Human LECs line(HLE2B3) were cultured and passaged in DMEM containing 20% fetal bovine serum and treated by different concentrations of dexamethasone(0. 01,0. 1,1,10,100 μmol/L) for 24,36 and 48 hours respectively. The LECs cultured in free-serum DMEM without dexamethasone were as blank control group. The expressions of IκBo: in the LECs were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) and Western blot, and the expressions of NF-κB neucleoprotein in LECs were detected by Western blot after exposure to dexamethasone. The apoptosis rate of LECs was determined by flow cytometer. Results Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the amplified gene fragment was coincident to designed one. The expressing level of NF-κB neucleoprotein in LECs was significantly lowed with the increase of dexamethasone concentration ( F = 36. 077 , P = 0. 004 ) , and that of IkBo: was evidently ascended ( F = 35. 741 ,P = 0. 002). In the same concentration of dexamethasone group,the expression of NF-κB in LECs showed the considerable alteration in different duration after treated of dexamethasone with the lowest expressing level in 36 hours, and significant differences were found in the expressing level between 24 hours and 36 hours ( P = 0. 002) and between 24 hours and 48 hours (P = 0. 01). The differences of expression of IκBá in LECs appeared the same pattern to NF-κB neucleoprotein. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of LECs was obviously enhanced after action of dexamethasone in a dose-dependent manner, showing a significant difference among different groups ( F = 73. 261, P = 0.001). Conclusion It is implied that dexamethasone results in the pathogenesis and development of glucocorticoid cataract by up-regulating the expression of IκBα in LECs and suppressing the activity of NF-κB and herein induce the apoptosis of LECs at concentration-and time-dependent manner. This might be one of cellular and biological mechanisms of glucocorticoid cataract formation.