Objective To assess the effects of propofol on left and right ventricular function of isolated rat heart against ischemia reperfusion injury Methods Sixteen male SD rats were randomly divided into control and experiment groups The isolated rat hearts was connected to Langendorff preparation and perfused as in our previous experiment After being perfused for 25 min, the isolated heart was subjected to 30 min no flow global ischemia followed by 40 min reperfusion The temperature of the isolated heart was maintained at 36℃ 37℃ during global ischemia In experiment group the isolated heart was perfused with propofol 6?g/ml in perfusate for 10 min before global ischemia The heart rate was paced at 348 beats/min The isovolumetric force velocity indexes and coronary flow were monitored continuously with MacLab instruments Results As compared with the isolated hearts in control group, propofol (6?g/ml) perfusion before ischemia significantly improved left and right ventricular diastolic function by decreasing ventricular end diastolic pressure, dp/dt min and T value At the same time, propofol protected left and right ventricular systolic function by elevating developed pressure, dP/dtmax and Vpm during reperfusion At the end of reperfusion, ventricular tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly well preserved in the hearts pretreated with propofol Conclusions Propofol 6?g/ml perfusion before ischemia protects the isolated rat heart against ischemia reperfusion injury by improving diastolic and contracting function of right and left ventricles and intrinsic contractivity of myocardium Propofol increases coronary blood flow during reperfusion and increases SOD activity of myocardial tissue

Adult ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; complications ; diagnosis ; Aortic Aneurysm ; complications ; diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications ; diagnosis

In order to solve the problems of erratic drug absorption and low bioavailability after oral administration for poorly-water soluble drugs due to low solubility, a series of novel pharmaceutical dosage forms as solid dispersion, liposome, microemulsion, vesicle, cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and drug nanocrystal have been developed in recent years. Among which drug nanocrystal attracts more attentions for its simpler preparation method, higher drug loading and easier manufacturing technology in the design of dosage forms suitable for different administration routes. In this paper, the nanocrystals of the poorly-water soluble drugs prepared based on bottom-up and top-down technologies were introduced. The characteristics and applications of the nanocrystal-based dosage forms as suspension, tablet and capsule were also introduced and carefully evaluated with the focus on their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and tissue targeted drug distribution after delivery by oral administration, intravenous injection and pulmonary inhalation. The advantages of drug nanocrystals in their therapeutics effects over the bulk drugs were discussed together with the inherent mechanism. Finally, the problems existing in basic research and scaled-up manufacture of drug nanocrystal as well as the possible ways of solution were listed out so as to make the nanocrystal-based preparations exert their maximum therapeutic effect after clinical application.

Objective To analyze the factors affecting the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in node-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods 480 patients with stage N_1-N_2 NSCLC after radical surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Of them, 267 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and 121 received PORT. All patients were grouped based on the N stage, tumor size and lymph node positive ratio (the percentage of positive lymph nodes from the detected lymph nodes, LNPR). Group 1 included patients with tumor size ≤3 cm and LNPR ≤33%, group 2 was tumor size > 3 cm or LNPR > 33%, and group 3 was tumor size > 3 cm and LNPR > 33%. The endpoints were the local recurrence free survival (LRFS) and overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional hazards regression model were used for the statistic analyses. Results PORT improved the overall survival only in patients with N_2 disease. Both tumor size and LNPR significantly influenced the efficacy of PORT. The 5-year LRFS for patients with vs. without PORT in the group 1, 2 and 3 were 55% vs. 60% (χ~2 = 0.03,P-0.869), 42% vs. 50% (χ~2 =0.31,P=0.547),and 62% vs. 52% (χ~2=4.25,P=0.036), respectively;and the corresponding OS were 22% vs. 50% (χ~2 = 1.65 ,P =0. 199), 26% vs. 22% (χ~2= 0. 13,P=0.786) and 42% vs. 16% (χ~2= 15.33,P=0.000), respectively. Conclusions Tumor size and LNPR significantly impact the efficacy of PORT . For patients with stage N_2 NSCLC , PORT could improve local recurrence free survival and overall survival when tumor size > 3 cm and LNPR >33%.

Objective:To comprehensively investigate the prognostic significance of nodal skip metastasis and lobe-specific me-tastasis for patients with IIIa-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods:A total of 218 completely resected pN2-NSCLC cases with systematic lymph node dissections from 2008 to 2009 at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital were enrolled. Mediastinal lymph node metastasis was subdivided into continuous metastasis and skip metastasis according to whether N1 lymph nodes were in-volved. Mediastinal lymph node metastasis was also classified into extensive metastasis and lobe-specific metastasis on the basis of whether the lymph nodes involved were within or beyond lobe-specific regions. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared. Results:For the whole cohort, 5-year OS was 21.6%and 5-year DFS was 16.8%. The 5-year OS for patients with skip metastasis or continuous metastasis were 37.6%and 22.0%, respectively (P=0.008). The 5-year DFS of patients with skip metastasis or continuous metastasis were 29.1%and 15.0%, respectively (P=0.022). The 5-year OS of patients with lobe-specific metastasis and ex-tensive metastasis were 38.3%and 20.4%, respectively (P=0.005). The 5-year DFS of patients with lobe-specific metastasis and exten-sive metastasis were 28.4%and 15.1%, respectively (P=0.009). According to the two patterns, patients were subdivided into three sub-groups:Group A (presence of both skip metastasis and lobe-specific metastasis), Group B (presence of skip metastasis only or lobe-spe-cific metastasis only), and Group C (presence of non-skip metastasis and non-lobe-specific metastasis). The 5-year OS of the three sub-groups were 47.1%(Group A), 28.1%(Group B), and 16.6%(Group C) (P=0.001), and the 5-year DFS of these subgroups were 35.2%(Group A), 20.8%(Group B), and 11.2%(Group C), respectively (P=0.002). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the combined pat-tern was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and DFS. Conclusion:This combined pattern of lymph node metastasis was a strong prognostic factor for IIIa-N2 NSCLC. This pattern should be considered when predicting prognoses and during the selection of patients that will receive postoperative treatments.

Background:As the empirical studies on human body are restricted extremely,the establishment and selection of suitable animal models are important for researches on ulcerative colitis( UC ). Aims:To compare the symptoms and colonic pathology of rat models with experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium( DSS ) and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid( TNBS),so as to provide a reference for selecting animal models in UC-related studies. Methods:Drinking 4% DSS freely for 7 days or intrarectal administration of single dose 100 mg/kg TNBS-50% ethanol were used to establish experimental colitis model in Sprague-Dawley rats. The disease activity index( DAI)was assessed dynamically during the course of experiment. The whole colon was removed in batches for measurements of colonic damage score and activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO)at different time points. Results:The DAI score reached the peak at the 7th day and the 2nd day in DSS group and TNBS group,respectively,and decreased gradually afterwards. Six and one deaths occurred during the experimental course in DSS and TNBS groups,respectively. In DSS group,the duration of inflammation was short,the colonic injury was moderate and recovered after drug withdrawal. At the 18th day,the colonic damage score and MPO activity was 0. 25 ± 0. 50 and(0. 80 ± 0. 33)U/g,respectively,and no significant differences were seen between DSS group and normal control group. In TNBS group,the duration of inflammation was longer and the colonic injury was more severe. At the 21st day,the colonic damage score and MPO activity was 3. 60 ± 0. 55 and( 1. 60 ± 0. 39 ) U/g, respectively,and chronic inflammation was observed histologically. Conclusions:Both DSS and TNBS can induce experimental colitis model in rats. The course of TNBS-induced colitis model presents a transformation of acute to chronic inflammation,and may be more suitable for treatment-related studies of UC.

Objective To research the ophthalmic nosocomial infection ,and to explore ophthalmic nosocomial infection risk fac-tors .Methods Retrospective analysis medical record information of 122 ophthalmic patients ,who were residency and nosocomial in-fection ,from January 2003 to December 2012 in department of ophthalmology ,renhe hospital of three gorges university .multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen risk factors .Results ophthalmic nosocomial infection rate was 2 .47% (122/4 931) , the highest rate was of respiratory infections ,accounting for 56 .56% (69/122) .Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ,ntact check ,invasive operation ,hospitalization days were the risk factors for nosocomial infections .Conclusion Ophthalmology inpatients often merge hospital infection ,hospital should strengthen the hospital infection management ,strict execution aseptic oper-ation ,reducing the occurrence of hospital infection .

Objective To investigate the significance of combined vascular resection and reconstruction in surgery for pancreatic cancer.Methods The clinical data of 231 patients with pancreatic canccr who received pancreaticoduodenectomy at the Southwest Hospital from January 2006 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients were divided into the combined vascular resection and reconstruction group (97patients) and non-vascular resection and reconstruction group (134 patients).Effects of operation,results of pathological examination,prognosis and lymph node metastasis on the prognosis of the patients in the 2 groups were compared.Two independent samples t test was used to analyze the measurement data,and the count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.The survival curve was drawn by the Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival was analyzed using the Log-rank test.Results The operation time and intraoperative volume of blood loss were (554 ± 136)minutes and (1110 ± 939)rnl in the combined vascular resection and reconstruction group,and (445 ±106)minutes and (623 ±349)ml in the non-vascular resection and reconstruction group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =6.552,4.873,P ＜ 0.05).The mortality,morbidity and positive rate of lymph node metastasis of were 8.2％ (8/97),20.6％ (20/97) and 32.0％ (31/97) in the combined vascular resection and reconstruction group and 3.0％ (4/134),8.2％ (11 / 134) and 16.4％ (22/134) in the non-vascular resection and reconstruction group.There was no significant difference in the mortality between the 2 groups (x2=3.164,P ＞ 0.05),while significant differences in the morbidity and positive rate of lymph node metastasis were detected between the 2 groups (x2 =7.458,7.687,P ＜ 0.05).A total of 223 patients were followed up till September 2012,53 patients were with lymph node metastasis,and their median survival time was 8.4 months (range,6.9-10.0 months) ; 170 patients were with negative lymph node metastasis,and their median survival time was 18.6 months (range,15.8-21.5 months),which was significantly longer than that of patients with positive lymph node metastasis (x2=17.045,P ＜ 0.05).Of the 53 patients with lymph node metastasis,31 were in the combined vascular resection and reconstruction group,and their median survival time was 8.5 months (range,6.3-10.7 months) ; 22 were in the non-vascular resection and reconstruction group,and their median survival time was 8.3 months (range,6.1-10.5 months),with no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.022,P ＞ 0.05).Of the 178 patients with negative lymph node metastasis,64 were in the combined vascular resection and reconstruction group,and their median survival time was 13.2 months (range,9.2-17.1 months) ; 106 were in the non-vascular resection and reconstruction group,and their median survival time was 21.7 months (range,18.1-25.3 months),with significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =11.908,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Although pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with vascular resection and reconstruction increases the incidence of postoperative complications,it could achieve the complete removal of tumors without significantly increasing the mortality rate.For patients with lymph node metastasis,pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with vascular resection and reconstruction has no influence on the postoperative survival time,while it might have influence on the patients without lymph node metastasis.

To observe the clinical results of innercapsular phacoemulsification with primary intraocular lens ( lOL ) implantation in the treatment of lens dislocation.METHODS: A total of 23 cases ( 23 eyes ) of lens dislocation ( lla and llb ) were underwent innercapsular phacoemulsification combined with primary lOL implantation. lOL implantation were underwent during operation, the complications of intraoperative and postoperative, postoperative vision, intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , corneal endothelial cell, lOL location were analyzed.RESULTS: The operations were successfully completed for all patients in accordance with the pre - surgery program; lens nucleus or its fragments did not crash into the vitreous cavity; 20 cases of corneal edema and 17 cases of lOP presented at the first day after surgery, the deviation or displacement of lOL and serious complications such as retinal detachment were not appeared. At the first week postoperation, the average lOP was 15. 81 ± 2. 10mmHg, with statistically significant differences when compared with the preoperative ( P<0. 01 ) , the visual acuity in all eases increased, with statistically significant differences when compared with the preoperative ( P < 0. 01 ). Corneal endothelial cell density and percentage of hexagonal cells decreased, the variation coefficient increased in first week of postoperative, with no statistically significant differences when compared with the preoperative (P>0. 05) CONCLUSlON: lnnercapsular phacoemulsification combined with primary lOL implantation in the treatment of the whole lens dislocation (‖a and ‖b ) can restore function in patients with diplopia and control lOP effectively, reduce corneal endothelial cell damage, which is an effective method to treat the whole traumatic lens dislocation.

Berberine is a naturally occurring benzylisoquinoline alkaloid with a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, anticancer, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic and antidiarrheal. Although berberine has a wide range of curative effects, the extremely low bioavailability (< 1%) limits its clinical application. Pure berberine preparations have not yet been approved for any specific disease. The low oral bioavailability of berberine is mainly due to poor solubility caused by self-aggregation under acidic conditions, low permeability, P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux, and liver and intestine metabolism. To improve the oral bioavailability of berberine, researchers have adopted a variety of strategies, including the application of various nano-delivery systems, penetration enhancers and P-gp inhibitors, structural modifications, and development of berberine derivatives. Improving the oral bioavailability of berberine can improve the pharmacological activity of berberine, reduce the dosage, and then reduce the toxic and side effects. This review summarized the various pharmacological activities, metabolism progress and pharmacokinetic characteristics of berberine, the newly discovered berberine target intestinal microbiota and focused on the strategies to improve the oral bioavailability of berberine by improving solubility and permeability, inhibiting P-gp efflux, and structural modification. The research on berberine was prospected, which provided guidance for the in-depth study of berberine.