Infection is the most common complication and the most common cause of death in burn patients. It is very important to employ anti-infection measures reasonably and effectively for victims of major burns. However, a consensus of opinion of how to use systemic antibiotics in prophylaxis of infection in the early stage of burn is still lacking. The indications of the early systemic use of prophylactic antibiotics are discussed in this article.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; methods ; Burns ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Wound Infection ; chemically induced ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of type I transmembrane protein (IRE1alpha) deletions on the cell cycle of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) cells.

METHODSBased on the IRE1alpha deletions, a full-length model was successfully constructed. Moreover, overlapping polymerase chain reaction mutagenesis facilitated the establishment of two deletion mutants of IREla (pD-Kinase, pD-Rnase). The full-length model and two mutant eukaryotic expression vectors were transfected into hPDLFs cells. Western blot analysis was performed to identify the expression in the cells. The changes in the cell cycle of hPDLFS cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM).

RESULTSThe two deletion mutants of IRE1alpha with eukaryotic expression vectors were successfully constructed and correctly expressed in hPDLFs cells based on Western blot analysis. Under stress conditions, the FCM assay showed that cell percentage of S phases increased, whereas that of G1 phases decreased in the IRE1alpha group (P < 0.05) compared with the control group of tunicamycin (TM) treatment. Moreover, the cell percentage of the S phases decreased, whereas that of the G1 phases increased in the D-Rnase group (P < 0.05) compared with the control. The deletion mutant D-Kinase had no influence on hPDLFS cell proliferation and cycle (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONUnder stress conditions, IRE1alpha can improve the cell cycle of hPDLFs cells from the G1 to the S phase. The deletion mutant D-Rnase cause hPDLFs cell growth arrest at the G1 phase, whereas deletion mutant D-Kinase has no significant effect.

Objective To study the apoptosis mechanism of K562 cell lines induced by mangiferin. Methods The mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes including bcl-2, bax, survivin of K562 cells treated by mangiferin (25—200 ?mol/L) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were determined by RT-PCR; the BCR/ABL protein P210 level was detected by Western blotting. Results Mangiferin up-regulated bax gene of K562 cells significantly and down-regulated bcl-2 gene slightly, resulting in an enhancement of the ratio of bax/bcl-2. Mangiferin down-regulated the expression levels of P210 in K562 cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manner and so is the expression level of survivin mRNA in K562 cells. ConclusionThe mechanism of mangiferin-induced apoptosis in K562 leukemic cells might be involved in up-regulating the gene expression of bax and down-regulating the mRNA expression of BCR/ABL protein P210, bcl-2, and survivin.

Objective:To study the diagnostic value of MR diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and CT and MR perfusion imaging in patients with different degrees of liver cirrhosis.Methods:A total of 60 patients with liver cirrhosis,who were treated in Ziyang Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from August 2015 to February 2017 were selected.According to the Child-Pugh classification,32 cases of grade A were mild cirrhosis (denoted as group A),16 cases of grade B and 12 cases of grade C were moderate to severe cirrhosis (denoted as group B),30 healthy volunteers were selected as group C in the same period.All the subjects in the three groups were examined by DWI,CT and MR perfusion imaging.The ADC value,hepatic portal perfusion ratio [SSr (CT) and SSr (MR)] were compared among the three groups,and Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the indexes.Results:There was no significant difference in ADC values among the three groups (P＞0.05),and the ADC values of group A and B were lower than those of group C,but the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in ADC values between group A and B (P＞0.05).The levels of SSr (CT) and SSr (MR) in the three groups were compared,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05);the levels of SSr (CT) and SSr (MR) in group B were significantly higher than those in group A and C,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the levels of SSr (CT) and SSr (MR) in group A and C (P＞0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that SSr (CT) was positively correlated with SSr (MR) in the patients with liver cirrhosis (r=0.687,P=0.000).Conclusion:CT and MR perfusion imaging can reflect the lesion degree of liver cirrhosis,and diagnostic effects of the two are better than DWI imaging,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To investigate the significance and safety of repeat transurethral resection(Re‐TUR) for treating stage T1 of non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer .Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed on 41 cases of stage T1 of non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer in this department of our hospital from January 2013 to November 2014 .All cases underwent Re‐TUR at 4-6 weeks after primary surgery .Among them ,33 cases were male and 8 cases were female ,24 cases were single tumor and 17 cases were multiple tumors at first operation .The maximal tumor diameter was ≥ 3 cm in 13 cases and <3 cm in 28 cases . The first treatment was transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURB‐t) .The pathological report was the stage T1 of urothelium cancer .Results All 41 cases were completed the operation smoothly ,and no serious complication occurred .In the postoperative pathological examination ,7 cases(17 .07% ) had tumor residue or tumor recurrence ,among them ,3 case had residue f tumor base and 4 cases were new onset tumor;the pathological grade at Re‐TUR in 1 case was increased from G2 to G3 .The follow up lasted for 3―27 months(average 13 .2 months) ,9 cases relapsed ,3 cases (42 .86% ,3/7) were positive at Re‐TUR and 6 cases(17 .65% , 6/34) were negative at Re‐TUR .Conclusion Re‐TUR for treating stage T1 of non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer is safe and feasi‐ble ,its significance to pick out high‐risk patient for conducting further active treatment ,which may have certain effect for reducing the recurrence rate of non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer .

Objective To comment the severity of severe hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)by pediatric risk of mortality score(PRISM),and assess the performance of PRISM in predicting mortality or complication probability in HFMD.Methods Four hundred and twenty-four severe HFMD pediatric patients were recruited in the study from 1th Jan 2010 to 31th June 2013.Information on the outcome and the varia-bles required to calculate PRISM score were collected.The logistic regression model developed in the learning sample was evaluated in the test sample by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve to assess discrimination pneumorrhagia and death.Calibration across deciles of risk was evalua-ted using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit χ2 test.Results The area under the ROC curve were 0.87 (95%CI 0.80~0.94 )for PRISM in predicting pneumorrhagia probability.The area under the ROC curve were 0.87(95%CI 0.80~0.95)for PRISM in predicting mortality probability.The PRISM in observed and expected pneumorrhagia did not demonstrate good calibration at ten mortality risk intervals (χ2 =36.66, P<0.001 ).The PRISM in observed and expected mortality did not demonstrate good calibration at ten mortali-ty risk intervals(χ2 =41.11,P<0.001).Conclusion The PRISM score is demonstrated good discrimination of pneumorrhagia and death in HFMD pediatric patients,but the performance of calibration is not good.

Objective To investigate the consistency of the results detected by different types of blood cell analyzer in the blood center .Methods On the basis of the calibration in each analyzer ,with the analyzer obtaining the excellent result in participating the external laboratory quality assessment hosted by the Ministry of Health as the reference ,the fresh blood samples were adopted to analyze other analyzers .Results For the analyzers after conducting the comparison ,the consistency and accuracy of the detection results were ensured .Conclusion After calibration in different types of blood cell analyzer ,the differences exist in the detection re‐sults .Periodically conducting the comparison among different types of instrument has very practical significance .

Purpose To compare the difference of the genotype and allele of endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR)gene rs9574 C/G between Guangxi population and other ethnic groups.Methods The rs9574 C/G polymorphisms of EPCR in 130 cases of Guangxi population were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing.The distribution frequency of allele and genotype was compared with the other four ethnic groups (HapMap-CEU,HapMap-HCB,HapMap-JPT,HapMap-YRI),which was published by the human genome project.Results Three genotypes of CC,CT and TT were found in rs9574 C/G with the frequencies of 39.2％,46.2％,14.6％ respectively.the allele frequencies of C,T were 62.3％ and 37.7％.No significant difference was observed in the frequency of genotype and allele between male and female (P ＞ 0.05).There were significant differences in the genotype distribution among Guangxi population,HapMap-CEU and HapMap-YRI (P ＜ 0.05).Significant differences of allelic frequency were found among Guangxi population,HapMap-CEU,HapMap-JPT and HapMap-YRI.Condusion The polymorphisms of rs9574C/G in 3'-noncoding region of EPCR gene in Guangxi population were different in different regions and ethnic groups.

Objective To investigate clinical manifestations and clinical diagnosis and treatment and pathological and immunohistochemical features in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Methods The clinical data of fifty-two cases with gastrointestinal stromal tumors were collected, whose clinical diagnosis and treat-ment and pathological features were retrospectively analyzed from January 1995 to December 2007. Results All patients received operation therapy, only forty-five cases with complete surgical resection. The immu-nohistochemical staining showed that the cases with CD117 positive accounted for 100% (52/52) and CD34 positive accounted for 88.5% (46/52). Conclusions Surgery was necessary for all patients, especially complete surgical resection. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors were poor in preoperative diagnosis, which diag-nosis was based on the immunohistochemical staining of the tumor tissue. CD117 and CD34 tumor markers may help to diagnose gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Background and purpose:It was reported that many microRNAs (miRNAs) have close relation with carcinomas. miR-31 (microRNA-31) shows abnormal change in numerous cancers. China is one of the most high-risk areas of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of miR-31 in ESCC, and analyze the relationship of its expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods:The expression of miR-31 in KYSE410, EC1 and EC9706 cell lines, as well as 81 cases of ESCC tissues and adjacent normal esophageal tissues were detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The result was combined with clinical and follow-up data and statistical analysis was conducted. Results: MiR-31 was up-expression in 3 cell lines and 75.31% of the ESCC tissues. miR-31 up-expression was positively related to severer lymph node metastasis (P=0.043), deeper invasion of tumors (P=0.002) and advanced pathological stage (P=0.027). There was no relationship of miR-31 with other clinicopathological features (P>0.05). Furthermore, high expression of miR-31 was associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) in 81 ESCC patients by Kaplan-Meier analysis (P=0.014) and by multivariate Cox analysis (P=0.021). Conclusion:Our results identiifed miR-31 may be a new diagnostic criteria and prognostic biomarker for ESCC.