Scaffold is one of the key elements required for tissue engineering. Porous scaffolds have several special advantages for muscle tissue engineering, and they are beneficial to cell survival, myogenic differentiation, and vascular ingrowth. The performance of porous scaffolds is closely related to the property of the biomaterials used. Additionally, the pore size and porosity may affect cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. This review focuses on the application of porous scaffolds in muscle tissue engineering, including their categories, application, and advantages.
Biocompatible Materials ; Cell Adhesion ; Humans ; Muscles ; physiology ; Porosity ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the fundus arteriosclerosis and its influencing factors in HIV/AIDS patients after long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods　The clinical basic data and fundus examination data of 203 HIV/AIDS patients before and after HAART in the Fourth People 's Hospital of Nanning from January 2020 to June 2022 were collected to evaluate the occurrence of fundus arteriosclerosis and analyze its influencing factors. Results　Of the 203 HIV/AIDS patients, 159 patients developed fundus arteriosclerosis, with an incidence of 78.33%, including 33 patients with grade Ⅰ(20.75%), 87 patients with grade Ⅱ (54.72%), 28 patients with grade Ⅲ(17.61%), and 11 patients (6.92%) with Grade Ⅳ. Before HAART, there was no significant difference in CD4+T lymphocyte count, CD8+T lymphocyte count, viral load, white blood cell count, platelet count, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and serum total bilirubin between the atherosclerosis group and normal group (P>0.05). After 6 months of HAART, CD8+T lymphocyte count, triacylglycerol and fasting blood glucose in atherosclerosis group were significantly higher than those in normal group (P<0.05). In the stratified comparison of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts after 6 months of HAART, the proportion of patients with CD4+ lymphocyte count (CD4+)<200 (cells/μL) in the atherosclerosis group was significantly higher than that in the normal group; the proportion of patients with CD4+ lymphocyte count (CD4+)≥500 (cells/μL) was significantly lower than that in the normal group; the proportion of patients with CD8+ lymphocyte count CD8+≥ 800/μL was significantly higher than that in the normal group (all P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that opportunistic infection, HIV course, CD4+T, CD8+T lymphocyte count after HAART and triglyceride were independent risk factors for ocular fundus atherosclerosis in HIV/AIDS patients (all P<0.05). Conclusions　The incidence of ocular fundus arteriosclerosis is high in HIV/AIDS patients. More than 4 years of HIV course, combined opportunistic infection, Low CD4+T lymphocyte count after 6 months of HAART, high CD8+T lymphocyte count and high triglyceride level are independent risk factors for ocular fundus arteriosclerosis in HIV/AIDS patients. Fundus screening should be performed before and after HAART in such population, HAART program should be formulated for the risk of cardiovascular disease, and risk management of cardiovascular disease should be strengthened during treatment to improve patient outcomes.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy and influence factors of a triple-united method used for the determination of root canal working length.Methods:Root canal working length was detemined by manual measurement,tooth average length and radiographic measurement(triple-united method).In vitro experiment was conducted in 40 teeth and clinical study in 96 teeth by experienced specialists and postgraduates.Results:The accuracy of triple-united method was 82.5% and 62.5% by spcialist and poststudents in vitro, 87.1% and 75.5% in clinic,respectively. The accuracy was interfered by experience of the examiner, tooth integrity and apical disease.Conclusion:Triple-united method can meet the clinic requirement in the determination of root canal length.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of transurethral resection of the prostate combined with endocrine therapy (TURP + ET) with that of αlA-blockers combined with ET ((αlA-b + ET) in the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa), and to investigate the safety of the TURP + ET for the treatment of PCa with BOO.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 63 cases of PCa with BOO, 28 treated by αlA-b + ET and the other 35 by TURP + ET. We obtained the residual urine volume (RV), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and quality of life score (QoL) before and after treatment along with the overall survival rate of the patients, followed by comparison of the parameters between the two methods.

RESULTSAt 3 months after treatment, RV, IPSS, and QoL in the TURP + ET group were significantly decreased from (137.8 ± 27.6) ml, (22.3 ± 3.6), and (4.2 ± 0.8) to (29 ± 13.6) ml, (7.8 ± 2.1), and (1.6 ± 0.5) respectively (P < 0.05), while Qmax increased from (5.6 ± 2.1) ml/s to (17.6 ± 2.7) ml/s (P < 0.05); the former three parameters in the αlA-b + ET group decreased from (133.6 ± 24.9) ml, (21.5 ± 3.2), and (4.7 ± 1.1) to (42 ± 18.3) ml, (12.8 ± 2.6), and (2.5 ± 0.7) respectively (P < 0.05), while the latter one increased from (6.3 ± 2.4) ml/s to (11.7 ± 2.3) ml/s (P < 0.05), all with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). The overall survival rate of the TURP + ET group was not significantly different from that of the αlA-b + ET group (51.4% vs 46.4% , P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTURP + ET is preferable to αlA-b + ET for its advantage of relieving BOO symptoms in advanced PCa without affecting the overall survival rate of the patients.

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; drug therapy ; etiology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of fluoride drop or fluoride ion infiltration on demineralization of the first permanent molar of children.

METHODS45 children applied by fluoride drop over 3 years in Chengdu and 40 controls were selected. 45 children applied by fluoride ion infiltration more than 3 years in Xiamen and 40 controls were selected in this study. Demineralization of the different sites of the first permanent molar was evaluated by KaVo DIAGNOdent. The effect of FD and FII in toddler period on demineralization of the first permanent molar was evaluated.

RESULTSEarly demineralization of the first permanent molar in children without fluoride drop were more severe than that of children with fluoride drop in toddle period (P < 0.01). There was no significantly difference between demineralization of first permanent molar in children with fluoride ion infiltration and control group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONFluoride drop in toddle period can help the remineralization of newly erupted first permanent molar of children. There is no effect of fluoride ion infiltration on demineralization of newly erupted first permanent molar of children.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Fluorides ; Humans ; Molar ; Phosphates ; Tooth Eruption

In traditional Chinese medicine herbs (TCM), including Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Danshen), Radix Puerariae Lobatae (Gegen), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui), and Rhizoma Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong) are widely used for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and also often co-administered with Western drugs as a part of integrative medicine practice. Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) plays a pivotal role in the metabolisms of pro-drugs. Since (S)-2-(2-(6-dimethylamino)-benzothiazole)-4,5-dihydro-thiazole-4-carboxylate (NLMe) has recently been identified by us as a selective CES1 bioluminescent sensor, we developed a rapid method using this substrate for the direct measurement of CES1 activity in rats. This bioluminescence assay was applied to determine CES1 activity in rat tissues after a two-week oral administration of each of the four herbs noted above. The results demonstrated the presence of CES1 enzyme in rat blood and all tested tissues with much higher enzyme activity in the blood, liver, kidney and heart than that in the small intestine, spleen, lung, pancreas, brain and stomach. In addition, the four herbs showed tissue-specific effects on rat CES1 expression. Based on the CES1 biodistribution and its changes after treatment in rats, the possibility that Danshen, Gegen and Danggui might alter CES1 ac-tivities in human blood and kidney should be considered. In summary, a selective and sensitive biolu-minescence assay was developed to rapidly evaluate CES1 activity and the effects of orally administered TCMs in rats.

The clinical and hematologic features in 22 patients with metastatic carcinoma of bone marrow were observed and analyzed. Morphology of bone marrow cells, bone marrow biopsy and other accessory examinations were performed. The primary or cardinal symptoms of metastatic carcinoma of bone marrow included anemia (17 cases, 77.3%), ostealgia (10 cases, 45.5%), fever (8 cases, 36.4%), hemorrhage (4 cases, 18.2%) and complicated hemolytic anemia (4 cases, 18.2%). The primary carcinomas, diagnosed by pathologic and accessory examinations, include gastric carcinoma (6 cases, 27%), lung cancer (3 cases, 13.6%), ovarian cancer (2 cases, 9%), mammary cancer, prostatic carcinoma, osteocarcinoma and metastatic malignant melanoma (1 case, respectively), and unknown primary lesion (7 cases, 31.8%). The hematologic features were decrease of hemoglobin (17 cases, 77.3%) and blood plate count (16 cases, 72.7%), leukocytosis (11 cases, 50%), immature leukocytes (14 cases, 63.6%) and erythrocytes (9 cases, 40.9%) seen on the peripheral blood smear, and reticulocytosis (4 cases, 18.2%). Masses of metastatic carcinoma cells can be frequently seen at two sides and tail of bone marrow smear. Bone marrow biopsy of 8 cases demonstrated the infiltration of carcinoma cells with nest-like distribution in the bone marrow cavity. Examination of MRI in 6 case showed destruction of bone and corpus vertebra and abnormal signal focus. Bone marrow biopsy could contribute to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and determine the origin of primary carcinoma. MRI plays an important role in diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma in bone marrow.

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of borneol on intestinal absorption of muscone in rats.

METHODAn in situ intestinal circulation perfusion experiment was used to study the changes in intestinal absorption kinetics of muscone before and after being compatible with borneol.

RESULTCompared with the muscone group (MG), the absorption rate constants (Ka), the half-life period (T1/2) and the absorption rate (A) of muscone in the borneol + muscone group (BMG) were on the rise, but with no significant difference; after being compatible with borneol for a long period, Ka, T1/2 and A in the last borneol on muscone group (LBMG) increased, with significant difference (P < 0.05). in duodenum, LBMG showed better effects than MG (T1/2, P < 0.05); and so did in jejunum (Ka, P < 0.05; T1/2, P < 0.05); in ileum, there was no significant statistical difference between LBMG and MG.

CONCLUSIONBorneol can promote the intestinal absorption of muscone in rats to some extent.

Animals ; Bornanes ; pharmacology ; Cycloparaffins ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestines ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

The possibility of immunotherapy for lymphoma by single FasL-Fas way was investigated. After pBillneo-mFasL was transformed into competent E. coli DH5alpha and amplified, the plasmid DNA was prepared and purified from the DH5alpha. To determine the primary structure and inserting direction of mFasL cDNA gene in pBillneo-mFasL, the plasmid DNA was cleaved by restriction enzyme, and the mFasL cDNA of pBillneo-mFasL was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the DNA sequence of the PCR product was analysed by automatic DNA sequencing. After pBillneo-mFasL was transfected into COS-7 cells by liposome, the COS-7 cells were selected with G418 selective medium, and the expressing levels of mFasL cDNA on the COS-7 cell membrane was assayed by Western Blot. After the COS-7 cells higher expressing mFasL protein and mouse lymphoma cell line Yac-1 expressing Fas were cocultured for 5 hours, the suspending Yac-1 cells were collected and labeled by annexin V/PI kit. The apoptosis rate of the Yac-1 cells was tested by flow cytometry. The EcoRI cleaving products of pBillneo-mF asL included 920 bp and 7227 bp fragments. Its Hind III cleaving products included 1293 bp and 6807 bp fragments. These results showed: (1) the length of DNA sequence containing mFasL cDNA within pBillneo-mFasL is the same as theoretical length; (2) the inserting of mFasL cDNA in pBillneo-mFasL was in positive orientation. The expected 890 bp DNA fragments of mFasL cDNA (from ATG to +36 bp following TAA) emerged in PCR product with pBillneo-mFasL as a template. The sequencing result of the PCR product equaled the known mFasL cDNA sequence in the gene bank. The COS-7 cells transfected by pBillneo-mFasL and selected with G418 culture medium expressed more mFasL membrane protein assayed by Western Blot. After the COS-7 cells were cocultured with Fas(+) Yac-1 cells in different E:T ratios (1:1, 5:1 and 10:1) for 5 hours, the apoptosis rates of Yac-1 cells were (22 +/- 4.8)%, (32.18 +/- 7.8)%, and (51.8 +/- 5.4)%, respectively. These were obviously different from the control group (P < 0.01), in which the COS-7 cell was transfected by pBillneo (not carrying mFasL gene). It was concluded that lymphoma cells highly expressing Fas can be effectively killed through single Fas-FasL way in vitro.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; COS Cells ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Immunotherapy ; Lymphoma ; pathology ; therapy ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; genetics ; physiology ; Mice ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; fas Receptor ; analysis