Objective:To establish a method to determine the entrapment efficiency of loratadine binary ethosomes. Methods:The gel microcolumn centrifugation method was employed to separate the free drug from loratadine binary ethosomes. The content of lorata-dine was determined by HPLC to calculate the entrapment efficiency. Results: A calibration linear curve of loratadine concentration was within the range of 10. 2-102. 0 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 5). The average entrapment efficiencies of three batches of loratadine binary ethosomes were 86. 75%, 87. 26% and 86. 00%, respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple and rapid, and can be used to de-termine the entrapment efficiency of loratadine binary ethosomes accurately.

34 patients who suffered from NVG, excluding patients with shallow anterior chamber.All patients were assigned to groups A and B according the different therapy.Group A ( 15 eyes ) was treated with Ex -PRESS glaucoma filtration device implantation. Group B ( 19 eyes ) underwent a trabeculectomy combined with mitomycin C. All the patients were followed up to 1a.The results of best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , the combination of lOP lowering medications, complications were recorded statistically analyzed preoperative and 1d, 1, 4wk, 6 and 12mo after operation. · RESULTS: Mean lOP decreased significantly frompreoperative values in both groups ( P=0.01 ) .The both group had similar lOP values changes after 1, 4wk, 6, 12mo, and there were no significant difference in statistics (P=0.451).There was no significant difference in BCVA changes after operation in both groups ( P =0.832).Success rate was 66.7%and 63.1%at 1a after Ex-PRESS glaucoma filtration device and trabeculectomy, respectively. Anterior chamber bleeding occurred to 8 cases after trabeculectomy in group B and to 3 cases with Ex-PRESS glaucoma filtration device implantation in group A.Choroidal detachment occurred to 3 cases in
group A and 6 cases in group B. No other ocular or systemic adverse events were found during the follow-up duration.
·CONCLUSlON:ln the short-term, Ex-PRESS glaucoma filtration device implantation has the advantages of simpleness, safety, minimally invasive, short learning curve for neovascular glaucoma, which provides us an available strategy to conquer NVG by simply operation and less suffering.

AIM: To investigate therapeutic effects of combination therapy for neovascular glaucoma ( NVG) .
METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 34 eyes of 34 patients who suffered from NVG. All patients were assigned to group A, B, C and D according to the different combination therapies. Group A ( 11 eyes of 11 patients ) was treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and panretinal photocoagulation ( PRP ) . Group B ( 10 eyes of 10 patients ) was treated with transcleral cyclophotocoagulation and PRP. Group C ( 6 eyes of 6 patients) was treated with 3 therapies together. Group D (7 eyes of 7 patients) was treated with 810nm transcleral cyclophotocoagulation and soft gas-permeable contact lenses. All the patients were followed-up for 1a. The best- corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , intraocular pressure ( IOP ) were recorded and analyzed prior to operation and 1, 4wk, 6 and 12mo after operation.
RESULTS: All the post treatment IOP decreased significantly ( P<0. 05 ) from the values before therapy, and the IOP values after 4wk, 6, 12mo were not significantly different ( P > 0. 05 ) in statistics. Most patients' IOP can be controlled below 23mmHg after combination therapy. The visual acuity in group A after 1, 4wk, 6mo compared with those before treatment was significantly increased ( P<0. 05 ) in statistics and other groups did not significantly change before and after treatment (P>0. 05). Anterior chamber bleeding occurred to 2 cases after 1wk of transcleral cyclophotocoagulation. No other ocular or systemic adverse events were found during the follow-up duration.
CONCLUSION: After the combination of intraocular injection of the anti - VEGF drugs, 810nm laser cyclophotocoagulation and PRP, most patients with NVG disease can be effectively treated, can effectively control IOP, and retain part of the visual function, significantly improve the quality of life. In the short - term, combination therapy is safe and effective for NVG, which provides us an available strategy to conquer NVG by simply programmable operation and less suffering.

AIM: To observe the synergetic analgesic effects of low dose of haloperidol, a dopamine antagonist and under-threshold dose of morphine on mice induced by thermal and acetic acid, and to analyze the major mechanism of their synergetic actions. METHODS: To examine the analgesic synergetic effect of haloperidol (0.315 mg/kg, 0.625 mg/kg, 1.25 mg/kg, ip respectively), morphine (3.125 mg/kg, 6.25 mg/kg, 12.5 mg/kg ip, respectively) or combining effect of haloperidol (0.3125 mg/kg) with morphine (3.125 mg/kg) on mice, we compared the change of pain threshold stimulated by thermal, latent period of twisting, the number of times of twisting by acetic acid, and we also estimated the antagonistic effect of d -amphetamine (10 mg/kg) and naloxone (5 mg/kg) on haloperidol and morphine group. RESULTS: Combination of haloperidol with morphine significantly enhanced pain threshold of mice induced by thermal, prolonged latent period of twisting and decreased the number of times of twisting. Naloxone markedly antagonized the combination of analgesic action of haloperidol and morphine and not d -amphetamine. CONCLUSION: Combination of haloperidol with morphine have synergetic analgesic effect and morphine is the dominant factor.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors leading to sudden cardiac death (SCD) of incarcerated prisoners. METHODS: Seventy-five SCD cases of prisoners between 2000 and 2013 in Henan province were collected, and environment, psychological and physical factors were retrospectively analyzed. Combined with histopathological results, specific factors of SCD were also studied. RESULTS: In the 75 cases, 21 cases (28%) had definite chronic past medical histories, and 75 cases (100%) had cardiovascular disease confirmed by autopsy. CONCLUSION Due to presence of the potential cardiac diseases, special incarcerated environment, psychological stress, and body-restraint might be the precipitating factors in SCD of those prisoners.
Autopsy ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Environment ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Prisoners ; Retrospective Studies ; Stress, Psychological

Objective To assess the safety of intrathecal administration of betamethasone.MethodsTwenty-four adult white rabbits of both sexes were randomly divided into four groups with 6 rabbits in each group.Group Ⅰ (blank control group)in which nothing was injected intrathecally;group Ⅱ(NS control group)in whichnormal saline(NS)0.2ml was injected into the subarachnoid space through great occipital foramen once a weekand the animals were killed at the end of the 3rd week;in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ betamethasone 200 ?g or 400 ?g in 0.2ml was injected intrathecally once a week instead of NS.The animals were anesthetized and killed by intra-aorticinjection of NS and 2% glutaraldehyde.The cervical section of the spinal cord(C_(1-6))was immediately removedand fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde for microscopic examination.Results No neural histo-pathologic changes shownby microscopic examination were observed in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ.In group Ⅲ and Ⅳ microscopic examination showeddifferent degrees of swelling and demyelination of the nerve fibers and edema and vacuolization ofmitochondria.Conclusion Intrathecal betamethasone can damage the spinal cord.

Objective: To prepare betahistine dihydrochloride sustained-release matrix tablets. Methods: The tablets were pre-pared with water soluble HPMC matrix, and the release behaviors were investigated by single factor study. The formula and preparation procedures were optimized by orthogonal design. Results:The optimal technology was as follows:using 60% HPMC K15M as the ma-trix material, calcium hydrogen phosphate as the filler, 10% PVP in 90% alcohol as the bonding agent;wet granulation compression technique was used to prepare the tablets with the tablet weight of 500mg. The in vitro drug release fits a Higuchi equation and the drug can be sustained-released within 12 h. Conclusion:The preparation technology is simple and the tablets have sustainol release behav-ior.

Rehabilitation is very important to the therapeutic effect of total knee arthroplasty, and it's also the key measure for the knee function to reach the expected effect after the surgery. The most important contents of rehabilitation therapies are the training of muscle strength, range of joint motion, joint position sense and gait. Integrated rehabilitation therapies was used to improve the knee function as possible, such as all kinds of training to improve the knee muscle strength of flex and extend; early training of continued positive motion of knee joint to improve the knee range of motion; the training of knee joint position sense to improve the ability of motion control, posture adjusting and balance keeping; the gait training to adjust the unusual gait.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathological features and significance of myocardial contraction band necrosis in sudden cardiac death. METHODS: Using HE and PTAH staining, the distribution sites and pathological features of myocardial contraction band necrosis were observed. The data were analyzed according to the extent of necrosis. RESULTS: The locations, pathological features and the extent of necrosis were similar in different sudden death cases. The locations were related with sites of myocardial damage. The papillary muscles of left ventricular were most occurred, followed by the anterior wall of left ventricular. In the sudden death cases caused by stress cardiomyopathy, the extent of myocardial contraction band necrosis was lighter than the others. Most cases were predominantly level 1, the others were level 2. CONCLUSION Used as the diagnosis basis of acute myocardial ischemia, the myocardial contraction band necrosis has important significance to determination of death.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Coronary Disease/complications* ; Death, Sudden/etiology* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/pathology* ; Female ; Heart Diseases/pathology* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Contraction/physiology* ; Myocardium/pathology* ; Necrosis

Objective To discuss the technique and value of preoperative reformatting with three-dimensional computed tomography technique for C_2 pedicle screw track.Methods GE Light Speed 16 Pro spinal CT scans of 15 adult dry vertebrae were loaded into an imaging station (software ADW4.2).Two methods of C_2 pedicle screw techniques were analyzed through virtual screw trajectory by VR (volume rendering) and MPR (multiple planar reformatting) techniques,in method A,screw entry point was the intersection between the media-vertical and the cranial line of C_2 inferior facet joint,in method B,the screw track was from the cranial and medial quadrant of the dorsal part of C_2 inferior facet joint.Results The screw track could be observed dynamically from any plane.Two vertebrae were ob- served with smaller height in isthmus and the medial edge of the transverse foramen since no space was a- vailable for the screw.The screw trajectories data were compared between method A and method B,which showed that the angles towards the cephalad (in sagittal plane) and midline (in transverse plane) were bigger in method A than in method B (P＜0.05,0.01),but the safe screw diameter was smaller in method A than in method B (P＜0.05),and there was no difference of the screw length between the two methods(P＜0.05 ).Conclusion In this research,the individual C_2 pedicle screw entry points, screw diameter and security screw angle can be simulated,and the screw track can be observed dynami- cally to make sure if it transits the bone structure completely.Preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography reformatting for pedicle screw track is of great value in clinical and basic researches.