Medical students' English autonomy learning is different from other students,basing on some relevant autonomy learning theories,the authors investigated such aspects as learning motivation,achievement,length of time-spending,choice of learning strategy,major,gender,learning phase and family background of medical students'English autonomy learning.And at the same time,the authors analyzed its current situation and put forward some solutions to the existing problems.

To study the related substances in nicergoline, electrospray positive ionization high resolution TOF/MS was used for the determination of the accurate mass and elemental composition of the related substances. Triple quadrupoles tandem MS/MS was employed for the determination of the fragmentations of the parent ions. 16 related substances were detected and identified to be eight synthetic by-products and eight degradation products, by using impurity references matching, product mass spectra fragmentations elucidation, and verified further according to synthetic processes and stress testing results. The results obtained are valuable for nicergoline manufacturing process control and quality assurance.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Nicergoline ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To investigate the effect of pemetrexed on the immune function,quality of life and survival time of patients with malignant pleural effusion.Methods Eighty cases patients with non-small cell lung cancer from July 2013 to October 2015 in the People′s Hospital of Hunan Province were complicated with pleural effusion,and randomly divided into observation group and control group,40 cases in each group.The control group were used chemotherapy with GP(gemcitabine plus cisplatin) and the central venous catheter was placed in the thoracic cavity.The observation group was treated with retrograde injection of pemetrexed catheter on the basis of the control group.The changes of immunoglobulin and inflammatory cytokines were compared between the two groups,and the quality of life and the 1 year survival rate of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results The IgM,IgG and IgA of the observation group after the intervention were higher than those in control group((1.65±0.03) mg/L vs.(1.31±0.02) mg/L,(9.55±0.12) mg/L vs.(8.82±0.10) mg/L,(3.99±0.20) mg/L vs.(1.81±0.13) mg/L,t=59.640,29.557,57.800,P<0.05),the TNFα-,IL-1,hs-CRP levels of the observation group after the intervention were lower than the control group((12.0±0.2) μg/L vs.(18.1±0.5) μg/L,(0.60±0.1) mg/L vs.(0.92±0.2) mg/L,(10.3±1.0) mg/L vs.(31.3±2.0) mg/L,t=71.641,9.051,59.397,P<0.05),and quality of life score after the intervention than before((81.5±2.3) points vs.(81.6±2.3) points,(35.3±1.1) points vs.(56.6±1.7) points,t=114.608,55.823,P<0.05).Quality of life of the observation group was better than the control group(t=66.530,P<0.01),1 year survival rate was higher than the control group(25.0%(10/40) vs.50.0%(20/40),U=5.903,P<0.05).Conclusion Local chemotherapy with pemetrexed could significantly improve the immune function of patients with malignant pleural effusion,reduce the inflammatory response,improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time of patients with malignant pleural effusion.

Objective To investigate the life quality and influencing factorin stroke patient.MethodTotally 205 hospi-talized stroke patientin the neurology departmenwere investigated with SF-36 scale .The datwere performed the descriptive sta-tistic,t-tesand multiple linearegression analysi.ResultThe scoreof general healthy statu,physiological function ,physiolog-ical role ,somatipain and social function in the patientwith stroke were significantly lowethan thain the national norm (P＜0 . 01) .The recurrence frequency ,age ,comorbidity ,education level and income were significanfactoraffecting the life quality in the stroke patien.Conclusion The level of general health statu,physiological function ,physiological role ,somatipain and social function are decreased significantly .Therefore iirecommended to perform the pertinenintervention in the clinical work .

Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), a rare wild medicinal animal, is listed under the category of the state key protected wildlife list of China. Musk, secreted by the musk glands, is with high economic and medicinal value and used as precious traditional medicine in China. In order to meet the needs of musk in Chinese traditional medicine, forest musk deer farming was conducted in 1950s, but the research progress on musk secretion mechanism was slow. Therefore, by reviewing the histological and anatomical structure of forest musk deer musk gland, the relationship between sex hormones and the musk secretion process, and the molecular mechanism of the musk secretion, the existing problems in investigating the musk secretion mechanism were analyzed and the development trends in this field were also discussed, in order to provide a reference for further studies on the musk secretion mechanism and improve musk production of forest musk deer.
Animals ; Deer ; metabolism ; Exocrine Glands ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; secretion ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male

AlM:To investigate the effects of pirfenidone ( PFD) on the proliferation and transfomring growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) expression in vitro culture rat corneal stromal cells.METHODS: Corneal stromal cells from 8 to 10wk SD rats were isolated, cultured and treated with different concentrations of PFD 0mg/mL (control group), 0. 15mg/mL (experimental group▏), 0. 3mg/mL (experimental group‖), 1mg/mL (experimental group Ⅲ) for 48h. CCK-8 assay was performed to assess cell proliferation, while immunocytochemistry and Western Blot were used to detect the expression of ki-67 and TGF-β1 expression, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with control group, PFD significantly inhibited the proliferation in a dose -dependent manner ( all P < 0. 05 ), so was protein expression of ki-67. PFD significantly down-regulated the expression of TGF-β1 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON: Pirfenidone can significantly inhibit the proliferation of rat corneal stromal cell by down regulating TGF-β1 expression, therefore, it has potential prospect in lightening the corneal wound healing reaction.

OBJECTIVETo establish and evaluate a BA-ELISA method for the quantitative detection of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein.

METHODSWe deliberately selected three tables of CFTR and made the synthetic peptide be expressed in E. coli, then used the antigen to immunize rabbits to obtain the anti-CFTR polyclonal serum. After that, 96 well plates were coated with the purified antibody against CFTR. The antigen CFTR which was extracted from human sperm was detected by anti-CFTR antibody labeled with biotin, horseradish peroxidase conjugated avidin, and the substrate. The concentrations of two kinds of antibodies and the experiment parameters were optimized. Thereby, the double antibody sandwich BA-ELISA method for the quantitative detection of CFTR protein was established. Furthermore, the reproducibility, specificity and so on were evaluated by clinical specimens of sperm.

RESULTSThe optimal concentration of coated anti-CFTR IgG was 4 µg/ml, while the biotin labeled anti-CFTR IgG was 10 µg/ml; the optimal blocking buffer was 1% BSA-PBST, the optimal time of the reaction between antigen and antibody was 60 min, the optimal chromogenic time was 15 min, the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient were 2.16%-9.23% and 2.29%-11.71% respectively; The lowest detectable limit was 0.15 ng/ml; the standard curve had a good linear correlation of R2 = 0.962.

CONCLUSIONThe BA-ELISA method for the quantitative detection of CTFR protein is successfully established, and it is demonstrated that the method has strong specificity, high sensitivity and good reproducibility. It provides the basis and evidence of the further application of the method.

Animals ; Antibodies ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; analysis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Peptides ; Rabbits ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To discuss a method combining serum‐pharmacology and electrophysiology technology ,and to research the mechanism of dilating porcine coronary artery of sodium tanshinone Ⅱ‐A sulfonate (DS‐201) .Methods To give mice intragastric administration solution and measure DS‐201 concentration in mice serum ,and apply the serum to single channel patch to research its effect on big conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels(BKca ) in porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells (PCASMCs) . Results The linear range of concentration containing DS‐201 serum was 0 .73 to 1 .91 μg/mL (r=0 .997 7) ,the recycle rate was 99 .85% -101 .47% ,and the concentration was(7 .32 ± 4 .25)μg/mL ;the result indicates that serum containing DS‐201 has activa‐tion effects on BKCa in PCASMCs ,while there was no statistical significance (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The establishment method of the alcohol extraction of Danshen is useful and reliable .The HPLC method of measuring DS‐201 concentration is precise .Choosing higher quality drugs or raising bioavailability can improve combination of the serum pharmacology and electrophysiological tech‐nique .

Objective To examine the stability of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)during serum incubation at different temperature and time periods.Methods Ten healthy volunteers (4 males and 6 females,aged 24 to 59 years)from Beijing Hospital were recruited in May 2015.Fasting venous blood samples were collected and centrifuged to separate the sera.Serum samples were incubated at 4℃ for 24 h,25℃for 0,1,8 and 24 h (with or without an LCAT inhibitor).Serum to-tal cholesterol (TC),total free cholesterol (TFC)HDL-C and HDL-FC were measured by the HPLC Method.Results HDL-FC and HDL-C changed -6.91% and -2.17% during serum incubation at 4℃for 24h.TFC,HDL-FC and HDL-C changed significantly (averaged -13.70%,-25.88% and -1.53% respectively)during serum incubation at 25℃ for 24 h,in which the decrease of TFC and HDL-FC were inhibited by the addition of the LCAT inhibitor.The decrease of HDL-C was even higher in the presence of the LCAT inhibitor.Conclusion Serum TFC,HDL-C and HDL-FC levels changed during serum incubations,which were caused by the LCAT and CETP activities and the transfer of cholesterol among lipoproteins. For accurate measurement of serum HDL-C,prolonged serum storage should be avoided in clinical laboratories.

Objective The aim of this study is to explore the application of virtual patient system in medical educa-tion in China .Methods Forty-one medical students were recruited to take part in a 5-week pilot use of PUMC-DxR Clinician system , and to finish ten virtual cases totally .At the end of the pilot use , all students were required to complete a survey about PUMC-DxR Clinician system.Results General assessment scored 3.71 ±0.72,novel-ty scored 4.66 ±0.62 ,usability scored 3.51 ±0.87 ,practicality scored 4.00 ±0.87 ,and all of them were over 3 points.According to the survey, 95.1% students agreed that this kind of virtual patient system was suitable for clerkship, intern, or junior resident, and 80.5%students agreed that it was suitable to teaching.Conclusions PUMC DxR Clinician system shows good practicality and usability in this pilot use , whose value is mainly based on the training of clinical reasoning .