MicroRNAs (miRNAs)can influence the proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)cells by signal transduction,epithelial-mesenchymal transi-tion,angiogenesis and other regulating mechanisms.Specific serum miRNAs can serve as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of ESCC.Recent studies have indicated that miRNAs can improve the radiation sensitivi-ty and even reverse multi-drug resistance of ESCC,holding great clinical value.

Medical students' English autonomy learning is different from other students,basing on some relevant autonomy learning theories,the authors investigated such aspects as learning motivation,achievement,length of time-spending,choice of learning strategy,major,gender,learning phase and family background of medical students'English autonomy learning.And at the same time,the authors analyzed its current situation and put forward some solutions to the existing problems.

35) and the third strategy of providing diagnosis to those tested positive at screenings in mid-term pregnancy could, respectively, lead to the diagnosis of 0.93 and 1.47 cases of DS per 10 thousand pregnant women, but they could also induce, respectively, 1.58 and 0.28 cases of miscarriage of normal fetuses due to diagnosis procedures. The costs of one DS diagnosis were, respectively, 108890.98 yuan and 443683.11 yuan. Conclusion Taking into consideration both cost-effectiveness and safety factors, priority ought to be given to the third strategy.

Background and purpose:The skeleton is the most common site of tumor metastasis in lung cancer.Skeletal complications from bone metastasis,such as severe bone pain,functional impairment,may substantially reduce quality of life,in some situations,may result in death.We explored the efficacy of ibandronate combined with chemotherapy in treatment of lung cancer with bone metastasis.Methods:Sixty-four lung cancer patients with bone metastasis were randomized into two groups:38 patients in study group received normal chemotherapy combined with ibandronate,and 26 patients in control group received normal chemotherapy only.Results:The response rate of pain relief in the study group and control group was 71.1% and 42.3%,respectively(P=0.006).In study group,serum alkaline phosphatise and serum calcium was decreased after treatment by ibandronate combined with chemotherapy(P0.05).Conclusion:Ibandronate is safe and well tolerated. Ibandronate combined with chemotherapy is effective in relief of the pain caused by bone metastases and may inhibit bone metastasis.

Trypsin was purified from crude material of pig pancreas by AOT/isooctane reversed micellar system.The influence of the main operating parameters such as ethanol concentration in forward and backward extraction,pH,KCl and AOT concentration,temperature were investigated.Forward and backward extraction recovery of trypsin reached almost 90% and neared 100%,respectively.Finally,about 88% of total yield was obtained,and the specific activity of trypsin was increased to over 1800U/mg with purification factor of 5 folds more.In AOT-isooctane reverse micellar extraction system,denaturation or precipitation of proteins always occured due to strong electrostatic interaction between AOT-proteins molecules.It had been resolved by adding ethanol into reverse micellar system,and no denaturation was observed.Otherwise,the phase separation time was shortened significantly because of ethanol added.It was only 10 minutes or less to reach phases separation after forward and backward extraction.If this method can be applied in industry,efficiency will be greatly improved.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of histogram analysis of susceptible signal intensity in differentiating papillary (pRCC) from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma(ChRCC). Methods Thirteen cases with pRCC and 9 cases with ChRCC, who underwent susceptible-weighted imaging(SWI), MR common scanning and enhancement, were assessed retrospectively. The histogram parameters of susceptible signal intensity were measured, including maximum, minimum, mean, median, skewness and kurtosis. The independent samples t test(normal distribution) and Mann-Whitney rank sum test(skewed distribution) were used to compare the differences in SWI parameters between pRCCs and ChRCCs. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the efficiency of the whole-tumor SWI parameters in differentiating pRCCs from ChRCCs. Results The significant differences of the minimum, mean, median and skewness between pRCCs and ChRCCs were present(P<0.05), and there was no significant differences in maximum and kurtosis between between pRCCs and ChRCCs(P>0.05). In all the histogram parameters, the area of ROC curve of mean value was largest(0.80). The sensitivity of minimum value (84.62％) was the highest and and the specificity of skewness(100.00％) was the highest. Conclusion Histogram analysis of susceptible signal intensity can help differentiate pRCCs from ChRCCs.

Objective:To explore the effect of feeding via the transpyloric route on the gastrointestinal function in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and find the best early enteral nutrition protocol.Methods:Sixty VLBW infants were randomly devided into transpyloric feeding group(TP group) (n =30) and intragastric feeding group(IG group) (n =30).The frequency of apnoea,weight gain,the time of birth weight regain,feed intolerance,time of reaching full enteral feeding,the incidence of extrauterus-growth retardation (EUGR),motilin,gastrin,the length of hospital stay,necrotizing enterocolitis and duodenal perforation were observed in two groups.Results:The intolerance and time of reaching full enteral feeding were reduced significantly during transpyloric feeding compared with intragastric feeding (P ＜ 0.05).The number of episodes of apnoea was decreased significantly during transpyloric feeding compared with intragastric feeding (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion:Transpyloric feeding can be used in VLBW infants.

Background Econazole nitrate is not effective as an antifungal eyedrop because of its poor intraocular permeability,therefore changing the formulation of econazole nitrate to improve its intraocular permeability become a critical point in the treatment of intraocular fungal infection. Objective The present study was to observe the penetration of 0.5％ econazole nitrate nanoparticles in the corneas and aqueous humors following its topicaladministration. Methods Econazole nitrate nanoparticles were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion.Characteristics and size of nanoparticles were examined with transmission electron microscope and laser scatteringmethod,respectively.Econazole nitrate nanoparticles drops (0.5％ )was topically administered in 27 New Zealandwhite rabbits bilaterally,and aqueous humor and corneas were obtained after the application of the eye drops for 5,15,30,45,60,90,120,180,240 minutes respectively to detect the concentration of econazole nitrate with highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3 p97pharmacokinetic computer software.The use of the animals followed the Regulation for the Administration of AffairsConcerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. Results The diameter of thenanoparticles was 50 nm with the round shape and encapsulation efficiency was 96.0％.Econazole nitrate nanoparticlesat the concentration of 0.5％ could be rapidly separated with other elements by HPLC with a lowest quantitativeconcentration of 0.1 mg/L.The mean recovery rates of econazole nitrate nanoparticles were 98.09％ in cornea and 99.66％ in aqueous humor,respectively after topical administration.The peak levels of econazole nitrate nanoparticles in cornea and aqueous humor were achieved at 5 minutes after application ( cornea:40.620 μg/g± 7.756 μg/g;aqueous humor:0.504 mg/L±0.153 mg/L),and its half-life( t1/2 )in cornea and aqueous humor was 23.5 minutes and 18.6 minutes,respectively. Conclusions Econazole nitrate nanoparticles at 0.5％ concentration can remain a feasible bioavailability in ocular tissue and therapeutic level in cornea and aqueous humor.

Objective To explore the effect of cutting biopsy needle on decompression for lumbar disc prolapse and nursing measures? Method One hundred and twenty patients with lumbar disc prolapse were managed with intervertebral disc decompression as well as perioperative nursing? Results All of them had their pains significantly relieved one or two days after decompression? The follow-ups for 3 months to 1 year confirmed the effectiveness rate of 96?7%,excellent effectiveness rate of 89?2% and no complication?Conclusions The decompression by cutting needle biopsy,is advantageous for its operative simplicity,alleviation of pains,fewer adverse reactions and lower rate of complications? The perioperative nursing strategy and recovery instruction are critical for improved curative effect and prevention of relapse?

Objective To assess the different protein expressions of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EM T ) markers Vimentin and E‐cadherin in craniopharyngioma ,especially at the tumour invasive front ,and correlate the findings with clinicopathological fea‐tures and patient outcomes .Methods Forty‐two craniopharyngiomas were subjected to the detection of Vimentin and E‐cadherin by immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence staining .The relationships between expression of these markers and various clinico pathological indicators and clinical outcomes of these tumors were analyzed .Results There was statistically significant difference in the expression of Vimentin and E‐cadherin between adamantinomatous and papillary variants in whole tumor and at the tumor invasive front .The expression of Vimentin and E‐cadherin in whole tumor sections were associated with tumor recurrence , postoperative weight and hypothalamic disturbances ,and the expression of vimentin and E‐cadherin at the tumor invasive front were colligated with tumor recurrence ,postoperative weight and hypothalamic disturbances .Conclusion Our study exemplifies the po‐tential prognostic implications of Vimentin and E‐cadherin expression in craniopharyngioma .EM T may represent a crucial mecha‐nism in the progression of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma .