Syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid are three main bioactive ingredients in herbs of Saussurea involucrata with various pharmacological properties, while their contents are very low. In this study, the biosynthesis of syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in the cell suspension cultures of S. involucrata were regulated by feeding carbon sources and precursors, which resulted in a great increase of the contents and yields of the above three bioactive ingredients. After 16 days of fermentation, the yields of syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid reached 339.0, 225.3, 512.7 mg x L(-1), respectively. Meanwhile, their contents increased up to 67.9, 1.9, 10.6 times of wild medicinal material, respectively. The results provided a solid basis for further studies on application of cell suspension cultures of S. involucrata for large-scale production of bioactive compounds syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Chlorogenic Acid ; analysis ; metabolism ; Cinnamates ; analysis ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; analysis ; biosynthesis ; Phenylpropionates ; analysis ; Saussurea ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism

Objective Laryngeal and upper esophageal foreign bodies are common diseases, we explored a new and simple method to remove these foreign bodies. Methods The clinical data of 177 patients with laryngeal and upper esophageal foreign bodies from June 2008 to January 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. We used two methods to treat these foreign bodies:130 foreign bodies were directly removed under video endoscopy;47 foreign bodies were removed with suspension laryngoscopy, and video endoscopy was used meanwhile. Result 177 laryngeal and upper esophageal foreign bodies were removed well, without severe complications like esophageal perforation or phyryngeal fistula. Conclusion Removing esophageal and laryngeal foreign bodies with video endoscopy is simple, safe and effective.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the injury mechanism of the human knee in a traffic accident by establishing a 3D finite element (FE) model. METHODS: The FE model, composed of femur, tibia, fibula, patella, meniscus, knee ligaments and surrounding soft tissues, was reconstructed by CT scanning data from a male volunteer. Validation was performed by the lateral impact simulation, and the stress and strain results were obtained to be compared with those previously reported for injury prediction. RESULTS: The results derived from the FE model were found to be similar with those previously reported, most of the ligaments and meniscus wounded at 40 m/s collision, which was readily observed. CONCLUSION The simulation results generated by FE model can be effectively used for the injury mechanism analysis of initial contact.
Accidents, Traffic ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Femur ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Knee Injuries/etiology* ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; Tibia

Seven meroterpenoids and five small-molecular precursors were isolated from Penicillium sp., an endophytic fungus from Dysosma versipellis. The structures of new compounds, 11beta-acetoxyisoaustinone (1) and isoberkedienolactone (2) were elucidated based on analysis of the spectral data, and the absolute configuration of 2 was established by TDDFT ECD calculation with satisfactory match to its experimental ECD data. Meroterpenoids originated tetraketide and pentaketide precursors, resepectively, were found to be simultaneously produced in specific fungus of Penicillium species. These compounds showed weak cytotoxicity in vitro against HCT-116, HepG2, BGC-823, NCI-H1650, and A2780 cell lines with IC 50 > 10 micromol x L(-1).
Berberidaceae ; microbiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Lactones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Monoterpenes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Penicillium ; chemistry

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Killer Cells, Natural ; pathology ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; analysis ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, B-Cell ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Hemistepta lyrata.

METHODThe constituents of the EtOAc-soluble portions of the 95% ethanol extract were isolated and purified by means of chromatography. Compounds were identified by their physical characteristics and spectral features.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated and identified as caffeic acid (1), tracheloside (2), uracil (3), 8-carboxymethyl-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (4), and 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid (5).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-5 were isolated from this genus for the first time.

4-Butyrolactone ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Caffeic Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Uracil ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

AIMTo study the chemical constituents of Cypripedium tibeticum.

METHODSCompounds were isolated by repeated silica gel chromatography and purified on Sephadex LH-20 and structures were determined by spectral analysis.

RESULTSCypritibetquinones A and B were isolated from the ethyl acetate residue and their structures were determined as 7-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1 4-phenanthraquinone (1) and 7-hydroxy-2, 10-dimethoxy-l1 4-phenanthraquinone (2), respectively, by extensive spectral analyses.

CONCLUSIONCypritibetquinones A and B are two new phenanthraquinones.

Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Phenanthrenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Animals ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Epinephrine ; metabolism ; Female ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Norepinephrine ; metabolism ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synaptic Transmission

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of water extracts of Wolfberry fruit (WB) and Epimedium (EM) on DNA synthesis of the aging-youth 2BS fusion cells.

METHODSHuman embryonic lung diploid fibroblasts 2BS national standard strain, were used as an aging model. Cell denucleation and cell fusion techniques were applied to observe the effect of WB and EM on DNA synthesis of 2BS fusion cells.

RESULTSIn the 0.025 (V/V) WB or EM water extract containing media, 2BS cells could be continuously cultured for 61.0 +/- 2.9 passages and 56.0 +/- 2.6 passages respectively, while in the control group it was only 49.0 +/- 2.6 passages (P < 0.01). After treatment with WB and EM separately for 2 hrs, the aging 2BS cells were denucleated and fused with young 2BS cells. The [3H]TdR incorporation percentage in these treated cells was significantly higher than that in the untreated control cells (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONBoth WB and EM can accelerate the DNA synthesis rate of the aging youth 2BS fusion cells and prolong the life span of 2BS cells.

Cell Fusion ; Cellular Senescence ; drug effects ; DNA ; biosynthesis ; Diploidy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Humans ; Lung ; cytology ; Lycium