Orthopedics virtual surgery system is a rapidly developing domain in recent years,and has exhibited a promising application.Currently,softwares about orthopedics virtual surgery system have already been applied in medical clinic and education.This paper reviewed present situation of this system,introduced some key technology such as medical image segmentation,registration and fusion,3D visualization and 3D interactive,and discussed main application such as orthopedics virtual surgery,surgical protocol,assisting clinical diagnosis,real-time chiri-cal consmlfation,assisting medical education,training and examination,rehabilitation care,prosthetic device,or guidance in surgery.In addition,the development trend of this system is predicted.With development of orthopedics virtual surgery system,the time of surgery will be consumedly economized and the risk of surgery will be reduced,greatly benefiting orthopedics.

Transpedicular screw fixation for cervical spine is the strongest spinal posterior fixation that could provide tri-column biomechanical stability,and it has been gradually identified as a quite high value in clinical application.The pedicle of vertebral arch is adjacent to vital neurovascular structures;thereby pedicle screw fixation in the cervical spine has been considered as a potential risk of injury and been limited in clinics.This study aims to review the studies on the current situation and progress of pedicle screw fixation techniques in lower cervical disease by investigating cervical pedicle morphology,biomechanical property,transpedicular screw insertion techniques and internal fixation system,computer assisted image-guided navigation,the indication,contraindication and complications of pedicle screw fixation.The article shows that preoperative careful evaluation for the morphology of the lower cervical pedicles,using kinds of new image guided techniques and meticulous techniques of screw placement in operation are essential in reducing operational risk and offering widely application.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Xinshuai Mistura (XM) on plasma angiotensin II (Ang II), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and N terminal pro- brain natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP) in patients with heart failure (HF).

METHODSFifty-nine patients with HF (NYHA class II-IV) were randomly divided into two groups, the treated group treated with XM and the control group with Wuling Pulvis (WP), both on the base of captopril treatment. The treatment course was two weeks. Plasma levels of Ang II , ANP and Nt-proBNP were observed.

RESULTSThe plasma levels of Ang I, ANP and Nt-proBNP showed an ascending tendency along with the increasing in severity of HF(P < 0.01), and significantly decreased after treatment in the treated group (P < 0.01), but with no remarkable difference as compared with those in the control group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONXM had definite therapeutic effects on excessive neuroendocrine activation in HF patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Angiotensin II ; blood ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; blood ; Captopril ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Failure ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood ; Peptide Fragments ; blood ; Phytotherapy ; Single-Blind Method ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of miR-21 on ADAMTS-1 expression in pulmonary fibrosis model. Methods A mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis was established using bleomycin (BLM) anda model of pulmonary fibrosis was constructed in vitro , the expression level of miR-21 was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), while the protein expression of ADAMTS-1 was measured by Western blot. NIH3T3 were transfected with miR-21 mimics and inhibitor in vitro and the cellular expression of ADAMTS-1 was measured by Western blot. Results Compared with the blank group , in mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis , the miR-21 expressions in lung tissues at three time points after BLM-treatment were significantly up-regulated while an evident decrease in ADAMTS-1 expressions were observed (P < 0.01). In vitro pulmonary fibrosis model , NIH3T3 cells after TGF-β1 in concentration 5 μg/L stimulation down-regulated ADAMTS-1 expression and up-regulated miR-21 expression (P < 0.01). NIH3T3 transfected with miR-21 mimics and inhibitor, up-regulated miR-21 expression, while down-regulated ADAMTS-1 protein expression. Conclusions Up-regulation of miR-21 and Down-regulation of ADAMTS-1 might be involved in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis model; miR-21 could negatively regulate ADAMTS-1 expression.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anthracosis ; blood ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; metabolism ; Cross Infection ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; blood ; Serum ; chemistry

Objective To study the relationship between pain symptoms and the clinico-pathological features of pelvic endometriosis (EM).Methods One hundred thirty patients with laparoseopic diagnosis of EM were studied retrospectively and the relationship between pain symptoms including dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain(CPP),dyspareunia and dysehezia and the anatomical features of pelvic endometriosis were evaluated.Results One hundred (76.9%)patients with pain symptoms and 30 (23.1%)without were included in this study.The number of patients with mild,moderate and severe dysmenorrhoea was 27 (20.8%),41(31.5%),and 32 (24.6%),respectively.Patients with dyspareunia,CPP and dyschezia were 46(35.4%),45(34.6%) and 67(51.5%),respectively.Compared with patients without dysmenorrhea,the proportion of deep utero-sacral nodules (45.0% vs 13.3%,P=0.00),recto-vaginal nodules (16.0% vs 0,P=0.01),complete obliteration of eul-de sac (41.0% vs 10.0%,P=0.00),and lesions of DIE (51.0% vs 16.7%,P=0.00) was significantly increased in patients with dysmenorrhea. The severity of dysmenorrhea was positively correlated with nodules in uterosacral ligaments (P=0.005,r= 0.302),and invasive depth of uterosacral ligaments (P=0.016,OR=5.085).Among patients with endometrioma,significantly more moderate to severe adhesions were found in patients with dysmenorrhea , compared with those patients without dysmenorrhea(29.1% vs 8.3%,P=0.029).Patients with CPP had more nodules in the utero-sacral ligaments(51.1% vs 30.6%,P=0.018)and DIE lesions(57.8% vs 35.3%,P=0.011),compared with those without.More nodules in the utero-saeral ligaments(46,3% vs 28.6%,P=0.028),recto-vaginal nodules(19.4% vs 4.8%,P=0.01),complete obliteration of cul-de sac(44.8% vs 22.2%,P=0.005)and DIE lesions(53.7% vs 31.7%,P=0.01)were found in patients with dyschezia,compared with those without.Nodules in the recto-vaginal pouch were an independent risk factor of dyspareunia.Conclusion Pain symptoms including dysmenorrhea,dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain,and dysehezia are remarkedly related to endometriotic nodules at the posterior part of the pelvis or those with deep invasions.

Ten compounds were isolated from the artificially induced dragon's blood of Dracaena cambodiana by various column chromatographies on silica and sephadex LH-20 gel. Based on spectral analysis of NMR and MS, their structures were identified as 3, 4-dihydroxyallylbenzene (1), 3', 4', 5'-trimethoxycinnamylalcohol (2), pinoresinol (3), (2R)-7, 4'-dihydroxy-8-methylflavane (4), (2R)-7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methylflavane(5),(2S)-7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-methylflavane(6) ,(2S)-4',7-dihydroxy-6, 8-dimethylflavane(7), 4,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone(8), 4,4'-dihydroxy-2-methoxydihydrochalcon(9) and Cambodianin E (10). Antibacterial activity assay showed that compounds 1, 4 and 10 have inhibitory effect on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cuben, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and Ralstonia solanacearum.
Antifungal Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Dracaena ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Fusarium ; drug effects ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To report the clinical and peripheral neuropathological findings in two patients with autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2K(AR-CMT2K).Methods Case one was a nine year-old girl.She had distal weakness of lower limbs for six years, with calf atrophy and contracture of Achilles tendon for three years.Case two was an eight year-old boy.He had distal weakness of lower limbs with contracture of Achilles tendon and calf muscle atrophy for three years, and proximal weakness of low limbs for two years.The motor nerve conduction velocities in median nerves were 48.1 m/s in case one and 47.6 m/s in case two.The compound motor action potential amplitude of median nerves decreased by 46% in case one and 69% in case two.Sural nerve biopsies and gene targeted next-generation sequencing were performed in both patients.Results Density of myelinated fibers was 8 407/mm2 in case one and 7 714/mm2 in case two.The ratio of myelinated fibers with diameter over 8 μm was 2.6% in case one and 0 in case two.Both patients had small regenerating cluster of myelinated fibers.Thin myelinated fibers appeared in case one.In case two, atypical onion bulb formations with focal folded myelin appeared, and electromicroscopy revealed mitochondrial aggregate in axons.Compound heterozygous mutations of ganglioside-induced differentiation associated protein 1 gene were detected in both patients, including c.767A>G(p.H256R) and c.466G>A (p.A156T) in case one and c.767A>G and 845G>A(p.R282H) in case two.Conclusions Contracture of Achilles tendon may appear in early childhood of AR-CMT2K patients.The main pathological changes in sural nerve are loss of large myelinated fibers, mitochondrial aggregate in axons and myelin abnormalities.

Objective To investigate the status of dental caries of deciduous teeth among preschool children from private kin-dergarten in Chongqing city.Methods According to the criteria recommended by The Third National Oral Health Investigation,the deciduous caries of 2 713 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years from 40 private kindergartens in Yuzhong district were examined.The prevalence of dental caries and the mean dmft were calculated.The results were analyzed using SPSS21.0 software package. Results The prevalence of dental caries was 61.04%.The mean dmft score was 3.12,the filling rate was 0.4%.The caries preva-lence of 3-,4-,5-,6-year-old children were found to be 42.51%,59.53%,67.76% and 74.85%,and the mean dmft score were 2. 71,3.68,3.96 and 4.09.The prevalence of dental caries and mean dmft increased gradually as the children was statistically signifi-cant(P <0.05).The caries prevalence of male and female children were 61.65% and 60.41%,the mean dmft were 3.11 and 3.13, the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05).Conclusion Deciduous dental caries of preschool children from private kindergartens was an important problem in Chongqing city,and the filling rate was very low.

Objective To investigate the effect of microRNA(miR)-21 on proliferation and differentiation of murine pulmonary fibroblasts. Methods C57BL/6 mice of SPF grade (n=24) were randomly divided into Sham group and Pulmo?nary fibrosis model group with 12 mice in each group. Pulmonary fibrosis model was established by trans-tracheal jet ventila?tion of bleomycin into mice. The transcription levels of miR-21 were examined by quantitative real-time PCR in various pul?monary fibrosis tissues. Primary fibroblast were isolated and digested by Trypsin then inoculated into 6 well plate to reach confluence of 30%-50%. PBS (2.5μL), negative control stock solution and miR-21 mimic stock solution (20μmol/L) were added into Opti-MEM (50μL) as control group, blank group and miR-21 mimic group respectively.The cell viability was as?sessed by CCK-8. Expressions of ADAMTS-1 and TGF-β1 in the pulmonary fibroblasts were tested using Western blot. Re?sults The expression of miR-21 was significantly increased in lungs of mice in pulmonary fibrosis model group than that in sham group. Expression of miR-21 was higher in miR-21 mimic group than that in control group and blank group. Expres?sion of miR-21 was significantly higher with better cell viability in miR-21 mimic group than that in control group and blank group. The expression of ADAMTS-1 was significantly decreased in miR-21mimic group, while the expression of TGF-β1, a target gene of miR-21, was significantly increased in miR-21 mimic group compared with the other two groups. There is no significant different in expressions of ADAMTS-1 and TGF-β1 between control group and blank group. Conclusion Over?expression of miR-21 in pulmonary fibroblasts disrupts TGF-β1 signaling pathway by reducing expression of ADAMTS-1, which promotes the proliferation and differentiation of pulmonary fibroblast.