Objective To investigate the effects of leflunomide(A77 1726) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human keratinocytes. Methods Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of HaCaT cells was analyzed with crystal violet staining and immunohistochemistry. The moiphological change was assessed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The changes of cell cycle and apoptosis rate were measured by flow cytome-try. Result Epidermal proliferation was inhibited by leflunomide, at concentration 5 ?mol/L or more, which was begun after 24 hrs and manifested by PCNA positive cell decreasing. With the increasing of time or dosage, the anti- proliferation effect of leflunomide was significant. Meanwhile, the PCNA positive cell de-creased respectively. There was no PCNA positive cell while the drug concentration achieved 200 ?mol/L. Therefore, leflunomide significantly inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The morphological change and cell cycle change was found but no change of apoptosis rate was measured. Conclusion Leflunmide can inhibit the proliferation of HaCaT cell, without the effect on its apoptosis.

Objective To detect the micrometastasis status and necessity of dissection of lymph nodes of hepatodudenal ligament in advanced gastric antral cancer. Methods Eighty-six lymph node samples of hepatodudenal ligament which were negative in routine pathological examinations were collected from 45 gastric antral cancer patients with radical dissection.The expressions of CK20 mRNA were detected for the existence of micrometastasis by RT-PCR. Results Micrometastasis was found in 46 out of 86 lymph nodes(53.49%) and 23 out of 45 patients(51.11%),significantly different from the routine pathological examinations(both P

"Prescription embodied in Preparation", Chinese medicine preparation, aims to study the specific form of Chinese medicine from raw materials to preparation for acting on patients directly. Its development has gone through three stages according to the characteristics of raw materials pretreatment, including "direct smash and initial extraction for Chinese materia medica", "Extensive extraction and preliminarily impurity for Chinese materia medica" and "Refining and purification for Chinese materia medica". With the development of new technologies and new theories, Chinese medicine preparation emerged in a new stage: structural components of Chinese medicine, with the characteristics of definited material basis, clear mechanisms, determined ADME/T properties, reasonable drug release system designs and scientific productions quality controls. This requires multidisciplinary to solve systemly the problems of Chinese medicine preparation. In this article, we reviewed the development of Chinese medicine preparation in different times, and analyzed the development and the characteristics of Chinese medicine preparation; and mainly focused on a fact that multidisciplinary promoted the study and development of Chinese medicine preparation, especially in structural components of Chinese medicine. It provides development direction and theoretical basis for Chinese medicine preparation.
Materia Medica ; isolation & purification ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

Objective To analyze the changes of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with drug eruption . Methods 18 newly diagnosed patients were served as the drug eruption group ,and were subdivided into cephalosporin group (n=9) ,penicillin group(n=5) and Chinese medicine group(n=4) according to different sensitizing drugs .20 healthy people were taken as the control group .Flow cytometry were utilized to detect the percentages and absolute counts of T lymphocytes (CD3+ ,CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ ) ,B lymphocytes ,natural killer cell(NK) and natural killer T lymphocytes(NKT) in their peripheral blood . Results Differences of percentages of T lymphocytes (CD3+ ,CD3+ CD4+ ) ,B lymphocytes ,NKT cells between the drug eruption group and the control group showed statistical significant (P<0 .05) .Difference of percentages of CD3+ CD8+ lymphocytes of pa-tients between the drug eruption group and the control group demonstrated no statistical significant (P>0 .05) ,while that of abso-lute counts of T and B lymphocytes of patients was statistical significant between the drug eruption group and the control group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The percentages of CD3+ ,CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes of patients with drug eruption decrease ,while those of NKT cells increase ,which may be related to the patients′immune regulation .

The study on the pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is a linking science during the modernization of TCMs, and plays an important role in the studies on the complex material base of TCMs, the in vivo process of ingredient/ component and the pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics correlation. However, because of the multi-ingredient/component system of TCMs, how to scientifically reveal the pharmacokinetics that is consistent with TCMs' characteristics has long been a hotspot and difficulty for the exploration. The optimal composition structure of the material basis of TCMs shows the best efficacy, while the difference between the multi-ingredient/component composition structures in the efficacy is closely related to their absorption, transport, metabolism and excretion in vivo. In this article, the authors systematically review the study methods for pharmacokinetics of TCMs and their compounds, and explore the pharmacokinetics of TCMs based on the "component structure theory". As a result, the method for integrating TCM component structure and the TCM pharmacokinetics was proposed to be adopted to intensively study the effect of the component structure on the in vivo TCM multi-ingredient/component pharmacokinetic characteristics, in order to promote the TCM modernization and innovation in China.
Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pharmacokinetics ; Structure-Activity Relationship

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of different composition structures of total paeony glycoside (TPG) component and total phenolic acid of Ligusticum chuanxiong ( TLPA) on sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) -induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) hypoxic injury. The baseline geometric proportion was used to design different components structure. And then the best structure of components by cell injury model were optimized.

METHODA HUVEC hypoxic injury model was established by being induced of Na2S2O4. Cell viability was measured by MTI colorimetric method, intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase( LDH) levels, nitric oxide (NO) contents were measured by kits. At last, Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of two proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax.

RESULTCompared with the model group, TPG component, TLPA component at different composition structures can significantly increase SOD activity and decrease MDA, LDH, NO levels (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Paeoniae Radix Rubra and Chuanxiong Rhizoma components can downregulate the expression of Bax protein and upregulate the expression of Bcl-2 protein. The ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax was significantly increased (P < 0 01, P < 0 05), it means that cell apoptosis was inhibited. The results indicate that among all the component composition structures, TPG and TLPA component at the proportion of 8: 2 had the best protection on hypoxic injury of endothelial cells.

CONCLUSIONTPG component and TLPA component can resist HUVEC hypoxia injury, the protective effect was the most evident under the structure of 8: 2, which may be due to the inhibition of intracellular lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Glycosides ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Hypoxia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rhizome ; chemistry

The purpose of the secondary exploitation of Chinese medicine is to improve the quality of Chinese medicine products, enhance core competitiveness, for better use in clinical practice, and more effectively solve the patient suffering. Herbs, extraction, separation, refreshing, preparation and quality control are all involved in the industry promotion of Chinese medicine secondary exploitation of industrial production. The Chinese medicine quality improvement and industry promotion could be realized with the whole process of process optimization, quality control, overall processes improvement. Based on the "component structure theory", "multi-dimensional structure & process dynamic quality control system" and systematic and holistic character of Chinese medicine, impacts of whole process were discussed. Technology systems of Chinese medicine industry promotion was built to provide theoretical basis for improving the quality and efficacy of the secondary development of traditional Chinese medicine products.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; standards ; China ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; economics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Quality Control

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a domestic recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor type Ⅱ- IgG Fc fusion protein (rhTNFR-Fc)for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris. Methods A multicenter, randomized, double blind, parallel-group, positive drug-controlled clinical trial was conducted. According to random numbers generated by a hierarchical segmentation method using the SAS 9.2 software, patients with moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris were randomly divided into two groups to be injected with two kinds of domestic rhTNFR-Fc under the trade names of Anbainuo(test group)and Yisaipu(control group)respectively at a dose of 25 mg twice a week for 12 consecutive weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving a 50%, 75% and 90% reduction in psoriasis area and severity index(PASI50, PASI75 and PASI90)at week 2, 6 and 12 after initiation of the treatment. Adverse reactions were also recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the chi-square test, Fisher′s exact test, two-sample t-test, and noninferiority trials with the software SAS 9.2. Results A total of 180 patients were enrolled in this study from 5 centers, and 174 completed this trial, of whom, 88 were assigned to the test group and 86 to the control group. Analysis of the full analysis set (FAS)revealed no significant differences in PASI50(75.6%(68/90)vs. 82.2%(74/90), P > 0.05)or PASI75(51.1%(46/90)vs. 50.0%(45/90), P > 0.05) between the test group and control group, but a significant increase in PASI90 in the test group compared with the control group (30.0% (27/90)vs.16.7% (15/90), χ2 = 4.472, P < 0.05)at week 12. Drug-related adverse reactions included elevation of transaminases, leukopenia, upper respiratory infections, injection-site reactions, abnormalities in urine routine test and purified protein derivative (PPD)skin test results, etc. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence rate of adverse reactions(χ2 = 0.188, P > 0.05), most of which were mild, and subsided spontaneously or after appropriate treatment. Conclusion The domestic rhTNFR-Fc (trade name:Anbainuo)25 mg twice a week for 12 weeks is effective and safe for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis——————————vulgaris.

Objective:To investigate the expression and regulation of the platelet-activating factor receptor(PAF-R)in human keratinocytes.Methods:The expression of PAF-R in skin tissues and HaCaT cells was examined by immunohis-tochemistry.The expression of PAF-R in HaCaT cell mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR.The expression and regulation of PAF-R were measured by flow cytometry in HaCaT cells treated with various stimuli.Results:The expression level of PAF- R was very high in human keratinocytes,mainly located on cell membranes and cytoplasma.PAF-R also expressed on HaCaT cells transcription levels,and the tissue-type PAF-R mRNA was more than that of leucocyte-type PAF-R mRNA.PAF-R ex-pressed on both membrane and intracellar part of HaCaT cell,and the intracellular expression was about4.82times that of membrane expression.IFN-?and retinoic acid upregulated the membrane expression of PAF-R in HaCaT cell.Conclusion:Human keratinocytes can highly express PAF-R at cell,protein and transcription levels,and the expression characteristic can be regulated by some inflammatory factors,which indicates the PAF system may play an important role in the skin inflamma-tion. [

As the preparation process from Salvia miltiorrhiz herbs to S. miltiorrhiz injection involves complicated technology and has relatively more factors impacting quality safety, the overall quality control is required for its effectiveness and safety. On the basis of the component structure theory, and according to the material basis of S. miltiorrhiz injection, we discussed the multi-dimensional structure and process dynamic quality control technology system of the preparation, in order to achieve the quality control over the material basis with safety and effectiveness of S. miltiorrhiz injection, and provide new ideas and methods for production quality standardization of S. miltiorrhis injection.
Drug Compounding ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Injections ; Quality Control ; Safety ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry