Objective To evaluate the impact of 1125 seeds para-tracheal braehytherapy on regional tissue injury in rab-bit models. Methods 42 rabbits were randomized into 7 groups. Group 1 to 6 belong to study groups (in which 1,4,5 and 6 belong to "dose gradient" subgroup, while 2,3 and 4 to "chronologic" subgroup) , while the last group acts as negative con-trol. The activity of seeds in study group were 0.3 mCi in group 1, 0.5 mCi in group 2 to 5, 0.7 mCi in group 5, and 0.9mCi in group 6. False seeds (0 mCi) were used for the negative control. 4 seeds with equal dosage were implanted between trachea and esophagus in each rabbit under general anesthesia. Seeds arrangement was made according to Paris principle. For the tissue injury evaluation, group 2 was sacrificed by the end of first month post-operatively, group 3 at the end of the second month, and group 4 end of the third month. The rest of rabbits were also sacrificed at the end of the third month. Pieces of adjacent e-sophagus and trachea were sampled from each rabbit. Tissue injury features such as inflammation, edema, congestion or fibrosis as evaluated histologically. Results All rabbits were healthy during study period except 5. Histological analysis revealed that trachea samples from all groups had lymphocytas and plasma cells infiltration as signs of chronic inflammation, hut fibrosis was nut clearly visible. There were no differences between study and control groups with respect to inflammation, edema and con-gestion scores. But in groups which received the highest doses of radiation or sacrificed at 60 d showed more eosinophil infiltra-tion and epithelum degeneration, and statistical significance was reached between these groups and control. Esophageal samples had less histological changes compared with trachea. Conclusion Para-tracheal implantation of ~(125)Ⅰ seeds with therapeutic or higher dosage only induce minor and reversible damage to the regional tissue. This implies that ~(125)Ⅰ implants adjacent to trachea or esophagus are clinically safe.

OBJECTIVE To observe the expres-sion of interleukin-12 and eosinophils in the nasal mu-cosa of allergic rhinitis mice. METHODS Thirty nine male BALB/c mice,6～8 weeks old,were randomly divided into three groups: control group,allergic rhinitis (AR)group, and Budesonide treatment group. Al-lergic rhinitis model in mice were established by using ovalbumin intraperitoneal immunization and nasal anti-gen challenge. The nasal mucosa obtained from mice of three groups were stained routinely by HE and im-munohistochemical method to observe the distribu-tion and expression of interleukin-12 and eosinophils. RESULTS The expression of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa of AR group was significantly higher than con-trol group(P

Objective To observe the sub-chronic effects of low doses of arsenic poisoning in rabbits exposed to different periods on some of the serum enzymes and biochemical indicators, and to provide the basis for screening of meaningful hematologic indicators for early diagnosis of arsenic poisoning. Methods Twelve adult rabbits,weighing 2.0 - 3.5 kg, were randomly divided into four groups, 3 in each group, and they were fed with drinking water containing sodium arsenite 0(control),0.01,0.05,0.25 mg/L, respectively. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transacylase (y-GT), total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), globulin(GLP), and ALB/GLP of rabbit were measured by SYSMEX-180 automated biochemistry analyzer after 8 weeks and 12 weeks exposure. Results The results showed that ALT in 0.05 mg/Lgroup of 12 week[(60.00 ± 4.14)U/L]increased significantly compared with the control[(41.50 ± 2.12)U/L, P ＜0.05];AST in 0.25 mg/L group of 8 week and 12 week[(46.50 ± 3.21 ), (52.33 ± 3.81 )U/L]increased significantly compared with the control[(21.33 ± 3.53), (29.50 ± 3.23 )U/L, all P ＜ 0.05];ALP in 0.05 mg/L and 0.25 mg/L group of 12 week [(78.68 ± 4.85 ), ( 103.00 ± 7.83 ) U / L]increased significantly compared with the control [(45.50 ± 5.50)U/L, all P ＜ 0.05];γ-GT in 0.05 mg/L group of 12 week[(19.33 ± 7.50)U/L]increased significantly compared with the contro1[(8.50 ± 3.53)U/L, P＜ 0.05]. TP, ALB, GLP, ALB/GLP of different groups of 8 week and 12 week were not significantly different statistically(F= 0.77,0.02,0.16,3.14 and 0.51,0.29,0.41,0.52, all P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions Zero point zero five mg/L and higher doses of sub-chronic arsenic exposure has some major damage to the liver. Compared with other serum enzymes and the biochemical indexes, serum AST is a early sensitive indicator of liver injury of the arsenic poisoning.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of the completely thoracoscopic lobectomy for clinical N0 and postoperatively pathological N2 non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC).MethodsFrom Sep.2006 to Jan.2010, 216 patients with NSCLC received completely thoracoscopic lobectomy in our center.Two hundred and six patients were clinical N0 preoperatively(103 males and 103 females, median age of 62.3 years, rang 29 to 85 years).They were divided into two groups based on postoperatively pathological staging, pN0 group and pN2 group.Some perioperative factors including age, gender,tumor size,tumor location,pathological type, pathological differentiation,rate of conversion to thoractomy,operation time,blood loss,lymph node dissection, time of drainge, hospitalization and complications were studied and compared between two groups.Results There were 203 cases of lobectomy, 2 cases of composite lobectomy and 1 case of pneumonectomy.All procedures were carried out safely without serious complication except for one operative death result from respiratory failure.There were 168 cases in pN0 group and 38 cases in pN2 group.Age and gender were similar between two groups.The tumor size in pN0 group was smaller than that in pN2 group [ (2.6 ± 1.6) cm vs (3.7 ± 1.9) cm, P = 0.001 ].The tumors in pN0 group were lesser appearance in the bilateral lower lobes (31.0％ vs 50.0％, P = 0.026).There was a approximate proportion of adenocarcinoma in two groups (82.7％ vs 73.7％, P = 0.181), but the proportion of poorly differentiated carcinoma in pN0 group was significantly lower than that in pN2 group(19.0％ vs 42.1％, P = 0.002).There were no differences in the rate of conversion to thoractomy(7.1％ vs 7.9％, P = 1.000), operation time[ (196.1 ± 53.7) min vs (208.6 ± 56.8) min, P = 0.202 ], blood loss[ (253.2 ±247.9) ml vs(279.0±183.3) ml, P=0.475], time of drainage[ (7.7 ±3.2) days vs (9.7 ±6.3) days,P=0.066], hospitalization[ (10.6 ±4.6) days vs (13.0 ±7.6) days, P =0.063]and complications(12.5％ vs 21.1％,P =0.171).The stations of mediastinal lymph node dissection were equivalent in two groups(3.1 ± 1.2 vs 3.3 ± 1.1, P =0.237) , but there were fewer numbers of mediastinal lymph node dissection in pN0 group (9.9 ± 6.8 vs 12.7 ± 8.4, P =0.038).ConclusionCompletely thoracoscopic lobectomy is a feasible surgical therapy for cN0-pN2 non-small-cell lung cancer without loss of curability.

Objective Summarize 58 cases with complicated primary lung cancer that accepted completely thoracoscopic lobectomy procedure in People's Hospital of Peking University,to evaluate the procedure of completely thoracoscopic lobectomy in these complicated cases.Methods Between Sep 2006 and Jun 2011,58 cases accepted completely thoracoscopic lobetomy were reviewed.34 male,24 female,aged (59.2 ± 11.4) years.The maximal diameter of solid tumors was(5.50 ± 2.92 )cm.The complicated condition including ①maximal diameter of solid tumor ≥5 cm ; ② Compound lobectomy; ③ post newadjuvant chemotherapy; ④ tummor invased portion of chest wall.The main procedure including three main components:①multiple devices co-operation through a single incision; ② Separate the fissure liketunnel style ; ③ cutting off bronchial artery priority to all step of lobectomy.Results All procedures were carried out smoothly with no death or serious complication.The average surgical duration was( 215.6 ± 60.9 ) min,and average blood loss was ( 271.0 ± 188.3 ) ml.The median postoperative chest tube drainage duration was(8.0 ± 4.7 ) d,and median postoperative hospital stay was ( 11.3 ± 5.9 ) d.There were 14 cases (24.1％ ) of conversion to open thoracotomy and 7 cases ( 12.1％ ) of complications.① There were 34 cases that maximal diameter of solid tumor was ≥5 cm,The average maximal diameter of tumors was( 6.7 ± 2.3) cm,The average surgical duration was( 206.6 ± 49.3 ) min,and average blood loss was (277.1 ± 194.4 ) ml.The median postoperative chest tube drainage duration was (8.3 ± 4.2 ) d,and median postoperative hospital stay was ( 11.9 ± 6.2 ) d.There were 8 cases (23.5％) of conversion to open thoracotomy and 6 cases ( 17.6 ％ ) complications; ②There were 16 cases of Compound lobectomy,The average maximal diameter of tumors was(4.2 ± 3.4 ) cm,The average surgical duration was (213.8 ± 70.0 )min,and average blood loss was(235.6 ± 139.2 ) ml.The median postoperative chest tube drainage duration was( 8.6 ± 6.3 )d,and median postoperative hospital stay was( 12.4 ±6.0) d.There were 4 cases (25％) of conversion to open thoracotomy and 2 cases ( 12.5 ％ ) complications;③There were 5 cases of VATs lobectomy that post newadjuvant chemotherapy,The average maximal diameter of tumors was(3.1 ±0.8) cm,The average surgical duration was(226.0 ±36.3 ) min,and average blood loss was(246.0 ± 219.8) ml.The median postoperative chest tube drainage duration was( 5.6 ± 1.1 ) d,and median postoperative hospital stay was( 7.4 ± 0.5 ) d.There were 2 cases (40％) of conversion to open thoracotomy and no complications; ④There were 3 cases that tumor invased portion of chest wall.The average maximal diameter of tumors was(3.0 ± 2.0)cm,The average surgical duration was(310.0 ± 105.4) min,and average blood loss was(433.3 ± 305.5 ) ml.The median postoperative chest tube drainage duration was( 5.6 ± 2.1 ) d,and median postoperative hospital stay was ( 6.6 ± 2.1 ) d.There were no conversion to open thoracotomy and complications.Conclusion As the skills and experience of thoracoscopic lobectomy improving,Some relative complexity cases and relative contraindications may become relative indications for completely thoracoscopic procedure.As long as the methods and technical processes used properly,these complicated cases of primary lung cancer does not prolong the operation time,not increase bleeding and interfere the reeovery of patients.

Objective Summarize all cases received completely thoracoscopic lobectomy,analyze the influence of lymph nodes in conversion thoracotomy and its measurements.Methods Between September 2006 to April 2013,1006 patients (545 males,461 females,median age 60 years,ranged from 13 to 86 years)received completly thoracoscopic lobectomy,including segmectomy(n =13),simple lobectomy(n =846),compound lobectomy(n =131),pneumonectomy (n =8),sleeve lobectomy(n =8).The main procedure was completely video-assisted anatomical lobectomy with mediastinal lymphadenectomy as we have reported.Results The average operative time in the conversion thoracotomy group was significantly longer[(272.7 ± 67.2) min versus (186.9 ± 58.1) min,P =0.001] compared with completely endoscopic surgery group,the average blood loss was significantly increased[(564.2 ±507.7) ml versus(158.0 ± 121.0) ml,P =0.001],the drainage time was significantly longer [(8.9 ± 5.0) days versus (6.6 ± 3.5) days,P =0.001] and the postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer [(12.5 ± 7.7) days versus(9.2 ± 5.8) days,P =0.001].Conclusion Interference of lymph doeds was the main reason for conversion to thoracotomy on VATs lobectomy.It may prolonged the operative time,increase the blood loss in operation and delay the postoperative recovery of the patients.Select the proper indication of conversion thoracotomy may reduce the negative effects of conversion thoracotomy.

Objective To investigate if immunological factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affect the result of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Methods 100 RA cases were enrolled from January 2012 to February 2013 into this study. HIV screening was conducted with ECLIA detecting both HIV-1 p24 antigen, HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies, with ELISA and colloidal gold method detecting HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. The samples producing positive results were submitted to the Center for Disease Control for confirmation using Western blotting method. The antibody titers of rheumatoid factors (RF) including RF-IgG, RF-IgM, RF-IgA, and CCP-IgG were analyzed by ELISA.
Results The HIV positive-rate determined by ECLIA was significantly higher than that by ELISA and colloidal gold method (P<0.01). The false-positive rate of HIV screening was associated with antibody titers of RF-IgG, RF-IgM, RF-IgA, and CCP-IgG in RA (P<0.01).
Conclusion Immunological factors, including RF and anti-CCP antibody, may influence the screening of HIV by ECLIA, producing false-positive result.

Objectives To investigate the expression and diagnostic value of 14-3-3 protein in brains of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(sCJD).Methods 14-3-3 protein was immunohistochemically analyzed in tissue from the frontal lobe of 5 patients with sCJD and 4 non-CJD eases Using 14-3-3 ?and ?antibodies with reference to the results of KB,GFAP and PrP detection.Results The expressions of 14-3-3 protein in five brains of sCJD were more obviously,mostly in gray matters and astrocytes in three cases.The concentration was related to PrP deposition type,but not related to prion protein genotype.Except few expression of 14-3-3 protein in neurous of two cases of acute contusion,there were no expression in the other two cases in control group.Conclusions The expression of 14-3-3 protein in brain is useful to pathological diagnosis of CJD.

Objective To investigate the immunoregulatory effect and compare the different regula- tions of bone marrow mescnchymal stem cells(MSCs)derived from both lupus(NZBWF1/J)and normal(BALB/ c)mice on T lymphocytes in vitro.Methods MSCs from NZBWF1/J and BALB/c mice bone marrow were iso- lated and expanded,and identified by the surface phenotypes.CD3~+ T lymphocytes isolated by nylon wool columns were stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate(PMA)and co-cultured with or without the two strains of MSCs for 24 h.Intracellular eytokines of T cell,such as interferon(IFN)-?,interleukin(IL)-4,IL-12,IL-6, were analyzed by flow cytometry and quantification of transcription factors T-box expressed in T cells(T-bet) and GATA-binding protein 3(GATA-3)were detected by reverse transcriptase PCR(RT-PCR).T cell apop- tosis was assessed by flow cytometry using rhodamine123.Results The results showed that a decrease of CD3~+ T cell apoptosis was seen when NZBWF1/J MSCs or BALB/c MSCs were added to T cells stimulated by PMA(P＜0.05),and an increase of TH2 cytokines by NZBWF1/J MSCs and TH1 eytokines by BALB/c MSCs were observed in the CD3~+ T cells eo-cuhured with MSCs(P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested that the al- teration of T subsets caused by MSCs may interfere with the systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)development and normal MSCs may be effective in the improvement of SLE.NZBWF1/J MSCs have defective immunoregula- tory function when compared with MSCs from healthy mouse strains.

Objective To explore the bacterial drug resistance in blood culture in 2015 from the members of Antimicrobial Re-sistant Investigation Net of Shaanxi province,and to guide the clinicians touse antimicrobial drugs rationally.Methods All the objective bacterial isolates were collected and identifiedsusceptibility date by software WHONET 5.6.Results 6 871 bacterial isolates and their antibacterial susceptibilitydata were collected which included 3 199 (46.56%)Gram-negative bac-terial isolates and 3 672 (53.44%)Gram-positivebacterial isolates.The top five populationsof Gram-positive bacterial iso-lates were Staphylococcus epidermidis (30.94%),Staphylococcus hominis (17.84%),Staphylococcus haemolyticus (11.74%),Staphylococcusaureus (9.69%)and Enterococcus feacium (6.29%).The top five populationsof Gram-negative bacterial isolates were E.coli (43.67%),Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (14.63%),K.pneumoniae (13.47%), P.aeruginosa (4.13%)and Acinetobacter baumannii (3.63%).Theisolating rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)and methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS)were 31.2% and 76.1%,respec-tively.No vancomycin resistant Staphylococcusisolates were found.There were 0.9% E.faecium vancomycin-resistant iso-lates.The isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were still highly susceptible to carbapenem,whosetotal resistance rate was below 4.0%.The resistance rates of A.baumannii to most surveillance drugs in cludingimipenem were above 50.0% and the iso-lates of P.aeruginosa were still highly susceptible to most surveillancedrugs.Conclusion It is severe that the situation of bacterial drug resistance in blood culture in Shaanxi province.Should fullyuse bacterial drug resistance surveillance results for supervision and administration,and take effective measures forcontrolling the spread of resistant isolates.