OBJECTIVE To observe the expres-sion of interleukin-12 and eosinophils in the nasal mu-cosa of allergic rhinitis mice. METHODS Thirty nine male BALB/c mice,6～8 weeks old,were randomly divided into three groups: control group,allergic rhinitis (AR)group, and Budesonide treatment group. Al-lergic rhinitis model in mice were established by using ovalbumin intraperitoneal immunization and nasal anti-gen challenge. The nasal mucosa obtained from mice of three groups were stained routinely by HE and im-munohistochemical method to observe the distribu-tion and expression of interleukin-12 and eosinophils. RESULTS The expression of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa of AR group was significantly higher than con-trol group(P

Objective To evaluate the impact of 1125 seeds para-tracheal braehytherapy on regional tissue injury in rab-bit models. Methods 42 rabbits were randomized into 7 groups. Group 1 to 6 belong to study groups (in which 1,4,5 and 6 belong to "dose gradient" subgroup, while 2,3 and 4 to "chronologic" subgroup) , while the last group acts as negative con-trol. The activity of seeds in study group were 0.3 mCi in group 1, 0.5 mCi in group 2 to 5, 0.7 mCi in group 5, and 0.9mCi in group 6. False seeds (0 mCi) were used for the negative control. 4 seeds with equal dosage were implanted between trachea and esophagus in each rabbit under general anesthesia. Seeds arrangement was made according to Paris principle. For the tissue injury evaluation, group 2 was sacrificed by the end of first month post-operatively, group 3 at the end of the second month, and group 4 end of the third month. The rest of rabbits were also sacrificed at the end of the third month. Pieces of adjacent e-sophagus and trachea were sampled from each rabbit. Tissue injury features such as inflammation, edema, congestion or fibrosis as evaluated histologically. Results All rabbits were healthy during study period except 5. Histological analysis revealed that trachea samples from all groups had lymphocytas and plasma cells infiltration as signs of chronic inflammation, hut fibrosis was nut clearly visible. There were no differences between study and control groups with respect to inflammation, edema and con-gestion scores. But in groups which received the highest doses of radiation or sacrificed at 60 d showed more eosinophil infiltra-tion and epithelum degeneration, and statistical significance was reached between these groups and control. Esophageal samples had less histological changes compared with trachea. Conclusion Para-tracheal implantation of ~(125)Ⅰ seeds with therapeutic or higher dosage only induce minor and reversible damage to the regional tissue. This implies that ~(125)Ⅰ implants adjacent to trachea or esophagus are clinically safe.

Objective To observe the sub-chronic effects of low doses of arsenic poisoning in rabbits exposed to different periods on some of the serum enzymes and biochemical indicators, and to provide the basis for screening of meaningful hematologic indicators for early diagnosis of arsenic poisoning. Methods Twelve adult rabbits,weighing 2.0 - 3.5 kg, were randomly divided into four groups, 3 in each group, and they were fed with drinking water containing sodium arsenite 0(control),0.01,0.05,0.25 mg/L, respectively. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transacylase (y-GT), total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), globulin(GLP), and ALB/GLP of rabbit were measured by SYSMEX-180 automated biochemistry analyzer after 8 weeks and 12 weeks exposure. Results The results showed that ALT in 0.05 mg/Lgroup of 12 week[(60.00 ± 4.14)U/L]increased significantly compared with the control[(41.50 ± 2.12)U/L, P ＜0.05];AST in 0.25 mg/L group of 8 week and 12 week[(46.50 ± 3.21 ), (52.33 ± 3.81 )U/L]increased significantly compared with the control[(21.33 ± 3.53), (29.50 ± 3.23 )U/L, all P ＜ 0.05];ALP in 0.05 mg/L and 0.25 mg/L group of 12 week [(78.68 ± 4.85 ), ( 103.00 ± 7.83 ) U / L]increased significantly compared with the control [(45.50 ± 5.50)U/L, all P ＜ 0.05];γ-GT in 0.05 mg/L group of 12 week[(19.33 ± 7.50)U/L]increased significantly compared with the contro1[(8.50 ± 3.53)U/L, P＜ 0.05]. TP, ALB, GLP, ALB/GLP of different groups of 8 week and 12 week were not significantly different statistically(F= 0.77,0.02,0.16,3.14 and 0.51,0.29,0.41,0.52, all P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions Zero point zero five mg/L and higher doses of sub-chronic arsenic exposure has some major damage to the liver. Compared with other serum enzymes and the biochemical indexes, serum AST is a early sensitive indicator of liver injury of the arsenic poisoning.

Objective Summarize all cases received completely thoracoscopic lobectomy,analyze the influence of lymph nodes in conversion thoracotomy and its measurements.Methods Between September 2006 to April 2013,1006 patients (545 males,461 females,median age 60 years,ranged from 13 to 86 years)received completly thoracoscopic lobectomy,including segmectomy(n =13),simple lobectomy(n =846),compound lobectomy(n =131),pneumonectomy (n =8),sleeve lobectomy(n =8).The main procedure was completely video-assisted anatomical lobectomy with mediastinal lymphadenectomy as we have reported.Results The average operative time in the conversion thoracotomy group was significantly longer[(272.7 ± 67.2) min versus (186.9 ± 58.1) min,P =0.001] compared with completely endoscopic surgery group,the average blood loss was significantly increased[(564.2 ±507.7) ml versus(158.0 ± 121.0) ml,P =0.001],the drainage time was significantly longer [(8.9 ± 5.0) days versus (6.6 ± 3.5) days,P =0.001] and the postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer [(12.5 ± 7.7) days versus(9.2 ± 5.8) days,P =0.001].Conclusion Interference of lymph doeds was the main reason for conversion to thoracotomy on VATs lobectomy.It may prolonged the operative time,increase the blood loss in operation and delay the postoperative recovery of the patients.Select the proper indication of conversion thoracotomy may reduce the negative effects of conversion thoracotomy.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of the completely thoracoscopic lobectomy for clinical N0 and postoperatively pathological N2 non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC).MethodsFrom Sep.2006 to Jan.2010, 216 patients with NSCLC received completely thoracoscopic lobectomy in our center.Two hundred and six patients were clinical N0 preoperatively(103 males and 103 females, median age of 62.3 years, rang 29 to 85 years).They were divided into two groups based on postoperatively pathological staging, pN0 group and pN2 group.Some perioperative factors including age, gender,tumor size,tumor location,pathological type, pathological differentiation,rate of conversion to thoractomy,operation time,blood loss,lymph node dissection, time of drainge, hospitalization and complications were studied and compared between two groups.Results There were 203 cases of lobectomy, 2 cases of composite lobectomy and 1 case of pneumonectomy.All procedures were carried out safely without serious complication except for one operative death result from respiratory failure.There were 168 cases in pN0 group and 38 cases in pN2 group.Age and gender were similar between two groups.The tumor size in pN0 group was smaller than that in pN2 group [ (2.6 ± 1.6) cm vs (3.7 ± 1.9) cm, P = 0.001 ].The tumors in pN0 group were lesser appearance in the bilateral lower lobes (31.0％ vs 50.0％, P = 0.026).There was a approximate proportion of adenocarcinoma in two groups (82.7％ vs 73.7％, P = 0.181), but the proportion of poorly differentiated carcinoma in pN0 group was significantly lower than that in pN2 group(19.0％ vs 42.1％, P = 0.002).There were no differences in the rate of conversion to thoractomy(7.1％ vs 7.9％, P = 1.000), operation time[ (196.1 ± 53.7) min vs (208.6 ± 56.8) min, P = 0.202 ], blood loss[ (253.2 ±247.9) ml vs(279.0±183.3) ml, P=0.475], time of drainage[ (7.7 ±3.2) days vs (9.7 ±6.3) days,P=0.066], hospitalization[ (10.6 ±4.6) days vs (13.0 ±7.6) days, P =0.063]and complications(12.5％ vs 21.1％,P =0.171).The stations of mediastinal lymph node dissection were equivalent in two groups(3.1 ± 1.2 vs 3.3 ± 1.1, P =0.237) , but there were fewer numbers of mediastinal lymph node dissection in pN0 group (9.9 ± 6.8 vs 12.7 ± 8.4, P =0.038).ConclusionCompletely thoracoscopic lobectomy is a feasible surgical therapy for cN0-pN2 non-small-cell lung cancer without loss of curability.

Objective Summarize 58 cases with complicated primary lung cancer that accepted completely thoracoscopic lobectomy procedure in People's Hospital of Peking University,to evaluate the procedure of completely thoracoscopic lobectomy in these complicated cases.Methods Between Sep 2006 and Jun 2011,58 cases accepted completely thoracoscopic lobetomy were reviewed.34 male,24 female,aged (59.2 ± 11.4) years.The maximal diameter of solid tumors was(5.50 ± 2.92 )cm.The complicated condition including ①maximal diameter of solid tumor ≥5 cm ; ② Compound lobectomy; ③ post newadjuvant chemotherapy; ④ tummor invased portion of chest wall.The main procedure including three main components:①multiple devices co-operation through a single incision; ② Separate the fissure liketunnel style ; ③ cutting off bronchial artery priority to all step of lobectomy.Results All procedures were carried out smoothly with no death or serious complication.The average surgical duration was( 215.6 ± 60.9 ) min,and average blood loss was ( 271.0 ± 188.3 ) ml.The median postoperative chest tube drainage duration was(8.0 ± 4.7 ) d,and median postoperative hospital stay was ( 11.3 ± 5.9 ) d.There were 14 cases (24.1％ ) of conversion to open thoracotomy and 7 cases ( 12.1％ ) of complications.① There were 34 cases that maximal diameter of solid tumor was ≥5 cm,The average maximal diameter of tumors was( 6.7 ± 2.3) cm,The average surgical duration was( 206.6 ± 49.3 ) min,and average blood loss was (277.1 ± 194.4 ) ml.The median postoperative chest tube drainage duration was (8.3 ± 4.2 ) d,and median postoperative hospital stay was ( 11.9 ± 6.2 ) d.There were 8 cases (23.5％) of conversion to open thoracotomy and 6 cases ( 17.6 ％ ) complications; ②There were 16 cases of Compound lobectomy,The average maximal diameter of tumors was(4.2 ± 3.4 ) cm,The average surgical duration was (213.8 ± 70.0 )min,and average blood loss was(235.6 ± 139.2 ) ml.The median postoperative chest tube drainage duration was( 8.6 ± 6.3 )d,and median postoperative hospital stay was( 12.4 ±6.0) d.There were 4 cases (25％) of conversion to open thoracotomy and 2 cases ( 12.5 ％ ) complications;③There were 5 cases of VATs lobectomy that post newadjuvant chemotherapy,The average maximal diameter of tumors was(3.1 ±0.8) cm,The average surgical duration was(226.0 ±36.3 ) min,and average blood loss was(246.0 ± 219.8) ml.The median postoperative chest tube drainage duration was( 5.6 ± 1.1 ) d,and median postoperative hospital stay was( 7.4 ± 0.5 ) d.There were 2 cases (40％) of conversion to open thoracotomy and no complications; ④There were 3 cases that tumor invased portion of chest wall.The average maximal diameter of tumors was(3.0 ± 2.0)cm,The average surgical duration was(310.0 ± 105.4) min,and average blood loss was(433.3 ± 305.5 ) ml.The median postoperative chest tube drainage duration was( 5.6 ± 2.1 ) d,and median postoperative hospital stay was ( 6.6 ± 2.1 ) d.There were no conversion to open thoracotomy and complications.Conclusion As the skills and experience of thoracoscopic lobectomy improving,Some relative complexity cases and relative contraindications may become relative indications for completely thoracoscopic procedure.As long as the methods and technical processes used properly,these complicated cases of primary lung cancer does not prolong the operation time,not increase bleeding and interfere the reeovery of patients.

Objective To investigate if immunological factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affect the result of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Methods 100 RA cases were enrolled from January 2012 to February 2013 into this study. HIV screening was conducted with ECLIA detecting both HIV-1 p24 antigen, HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies, with ELISA and colloidal gold method detecting HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. The samples producing positive results were submitted to the Center for Disease Control for confirmation using Western blotting method. The antibody titers of rheumatoid factors (RF) including RF-IgG, RF-IgM, RF-IgA, and CCP-IgG were analyzed by ELISA.
Results The HIV positive-rate determined by ECLIA was significantly higher than that by ELISA and colloidal gold method (P<0.01). The false-positive rate of HIV screening was associated with antibody titers of RF-IgG, RF-IgM, RF-IgA, and CCP-IgG in RA (P<0.01).
Conclusion Immunological factors, including RF and anti-CCP antibody, may influence the screening of HIV by ECLIA, producing false-positive result.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of induction concurrent chemoradiation therapy with weekly docetaxel and cisplatin(DP) for stage Ⅲ A-N2 lung cancer.Methods Eighteen patients diagnosed of stage Ⅲ A-N2 NSCLC in our center were enrolled from March,2011 to November,2013.The induction regimen consisted of 5 cycles of docetaxel(20 mg/m2) and cisplatin(20 mg/m2) administered intravenously on days 1,8,15,22 and 29 with concurrent thoracic radiotherapy in fractions of 1.8Gy,to a total dose of 45Gy.Patients proceeded to surgery,if no progressive disease occurred,followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with DP strategy.Results Eighteen patients were enrolled and 12 underwent surgery.The tumor response for the induction therapy was 1 CR,10 PRs,6 SDs and 1 PD.Five of 18 patients presented with level 3 or above adverse effects,among which were 2 neutropenia,1 liver toxicity,1 anemia and 1 lymph node infection.The median operation time was 290 min,intraoperative blood loss was 350 ml,length for postoperative drainage was 5 d,and time to discharge was 7 d.The mediastinal lymphnodedownstaging rate was 50％ (3 pN0 cases and 3 pN1 ones),92％ of the operated patients reached complete resection.One-year survival was 75.9％ and 1-year progression free survival was 49.2％.Conclusion Weekly docetaxel and cisplatin strategy in induction concurrent chemoradiotherapy for stage Ⅲ A-N2 NSCLC patients has been validated to be safe and effective.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of father-to-son vertical transmission of Y chromosome microdeletions

METHODSWe detected the Y by detection of Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men and analysis of some of their families. chromosome azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletions in the peripheral blood of 1 052 infertile males, investigated the paternal relatives of 12 cases of AZFc, 1 case of AZFb and 1 case of AZFb + c microdeletions, and drew the family tree diagrams of the infertile paternal relatives according to the findings.

RESULTSAmong the 1 052 infertile patients, 89 (9.73%) were found with Y chromosomal microdeletions, including 56 with AZFc, 6 with AZFa, 5 with AZFb, 14 with AZFb + c, and 8 with AZFa + b + c deletion. The investigation of the 14 patients'families revealed 1 case of AZFb and 1 case of AZFb + c deletion de novo. Among the 12 cases of AZFc deletion, vertical heredity was found in 5 patients with severe oligozoospermia, but not in the other 7 with azoospermia.

CONCLUSIONAZFe deletion may be vertically inherited from the father in severe oligozoospermia patients, and it is different from the paternal phenotype, while in azoospermia patients, AZF deletion, whatever type it may be, is less likely to be associated with vertical paternal heredity.

Adult ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; genetics ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Pedigree ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of lobectomy by completely Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (cVATS) in the management of bronchiectasis.Methods Between June 2001 and October 2010,a total of 60 major lobectomies were performed in our single center on 32 female and 28 male patients of bronchiectasis,with a mean age of 43.4( range 17 to 69)years.All lobectomies were carried out anatomically and divided into thoracotomy group and cVATS group.Pulmonary vessels and bronchus were dissected by endo-cutters.Conversion to a thoracotomy took place if severe adhesion or bleeding was encountered.Results The operations included 5 lobectomies of right upper lobe,3 of middle lobe,6 of right lowerlobe,3 of left upper lobe,26 of left lower lobe,10 of left lower lobe plus lingular segment,4 of left pneumonectomy,1 of bi-lobectomy,1 of right middle lobe plus wedge resection of lower lobe and 1 of left lower lobe plus right middle lobe.There were 25 patients in the thoracotomy group and 35 patients in the cVATS group,in which 2 operations (5.7％) converted due to severe adhesion,poor differentiation of the fissure and/or the proliferation of tortuous vessels at hilus In thoracotomy and cVATS groups,the operative time were ( 207.6 ± 88.5 ) vs.( 168.7 ± 55.9 ) min ( P =0.041 ),the blood loss were ( 522.0 ±644.2) vs.(210.1 ± 213.1 ) ml ( P =0.009),the mean chest tube duration were ( 5.4 ± 4.4) vs.(6.3 ± 3.4 ) days ( P ＞0.05 ) and the mean length of hospitalization were ( 10.2 ±4.7 ) vs.( 8.5 ± 3.5 ) days ( P ＞ 0.05 ).No mortality or severe complication occurred in both groups.The morbidity was 25.7％ (9/25)vs.17.1％ (6/35) in thoracotomy and cVATS group,with no significant difference statistically (P =0.133 ) . There were 52％ vs.62.9％ patients achieved symptomatic completely relief and significant improvement was obtained in 40.0％ vs.31.4％ patients in thoracotomy and cVATS group separately.Conclusion cVATS lobectomy is safe and effective in the management of bronchiectasis.