Cerebrovascular reserve is an important parameter for evaluating cerebrovascular disease,and it has great clinical significance.There are a number of determination methods for cerebrovascular reserve,such as position emission tomography(PET),single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT),Xenon-133 inhalation technique,Xenon CT,perfusion CT, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),transcranial Doppler(TCD),transcranial harmonic perfusion imaging(HPI),near infrared spectroscopy(NIR),and Laser Doppler vibrometry(LDV), however,there have been no unified criteria up to now.The provocation test that makes cerebral blood flow increase includes CO_2 inhalation test,breath holding test,and acetazolamide test,etc. The article focuses the discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of the above determination methods.

Objective T o investigate the serum IgE w ith various postm ortem intervals (PMI) in guinea pigs due to sudden death from anaphylactic shock and to explore the effect of refrigeration of corpse on serum IgE level and its application value in forensic m edicine. Methods T he anim al death m odels of anaphylactic shock w ere established. T he corpses w ere preserved at room tem perature (20℃) for 6 h and then refrigerated at 4℃. T he serum w as sam pled at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after death. T he IgE level of serum w as detected w ith ELISA . The control group w as also established. Results The serum IgE level had significant difference betw een the experim ental group and the control group (P<0.05). T here w as no significant difference am ong the experim ental groups at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours post-m ortem (P>0.05). Conclusion If the corpses w ere placed in 4℃ conditions 6 hours after anaphylactic death, the serum IgE still show s a good m arker w ithin 48 h for forensic investigation.

Objective To evaluate the effect of recominant human growth hormone(rhGH) in the prevention and treatment of endotoxemia(ETM) in murine experimental obstructive jaundice (OJ) Methods Twenty OJ rats received subcutaneously given rhGH of 0 75*!IU/kg daily for 2 weeks (rhGH group). Blood endotoxin(ET) was measured, and intestinal mucosa was observed under electron microscope at 5th week.Results In rhGH group, ET level 〔(0 40?0 02)*!EU/ml〕 was significantly lower than OJ rats〔(0 77?0 03)*!EU/ml, n =20〕 ( t = 6 237, P 0 05). Under electron microscope bowel villi in OJ group were distroyed, epithelial cells were degenerated and necrotic, whereas in rhGH group the ultrastructural pathology was much less evident and similar to that in sham operation rats. Conclusion rhGH has significant effect on protecting the injured mucosa barrier in OJ,and decreases ETM significantly.

Objective:To investigate the effects of resuscitation with different fluids on hemodynamics,oxygen transport and extravascular lung water after acute hemorrhage in dogs. Method:Fifteen dogs were anesthetized and bled to a mean arterial pressure of 4.67 kPa to develop the hemorrhagic shock model.Then the animals were infused with one of three randomly selected fluid:lactated Ringer's solution, blood and polygeline.The terminal point of fluid resuscitation was at the level of PAWP of 2.0 kPa. Hemodynamics, oxygen transport and extravascular lung water values were measured. Result:colloids fluids infusion has more better efficacy and less extravascular lung water than crystalloids fluids infusion in hemorrhagic shock resuscitation,and polygeline infusion could restore hemodynamics better, meanwhile blood infusion could restore oxygen transport better.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the serum IgE with various postmortem intervals (PMI) in guinea pigs due to sudden death from anaphylactic shock and to explore the effect of refrigeration of corpse on serum IgE level and its application value in forensic medicine. METHODS: The animal death models of anaphylactic shock were established. The corpses were preserved at room temperature (20 °C ) for 6 h and then refrigerated at 4 °C. The serum was sampled at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after death. The IgE level of serum was detected with ELISA. The control group was also established. RESULTS: The serum IgE level had significant. difference between the experimental group and the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference among the experimental groups at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours post- mortem (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION If the corpses were placed in 4 °C conditions 6 hours after anaphylactic death, the serum IgE still shows a good marker within 48 h for forensic investigation.
Anaphylaxis/blood* ; Animals ; Autopsy/veterinary* ; Death, Sudden ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Forensic Medicine ; Guinea Pigs ; Immunoglobulin E/blood* ; Postmortem Changes ; Refrigeration ; Serum

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and clinical feasibility of the computer-assisted full plan- ning system for tibial fracture treatment with intramedullary nailing.Methods After analyzing the functional structure and operative procedures of the system,nine plastic tibia and 12 cadaver lower limbs were used for image mosaicing based on C-arm (PHILIPS BV Libra) fluoroscopic images in the operation room to assess the correctness of the mosaicing and planning algorithms.The plastic tibial model was used for analysis of the mosaicing precision.The cadaver tibial bone was used for reduction experiment with the reduction mechanism to analyze the operation feasi- bility.Results Only 7 to 10 [fluoroscopy time:(19.75?0.61)s] valid C-ann projection images were needed to produce a long bone panorama of the lower limb.The total time for image acquisition and mosaicing was within (4.17?0.86)minutes and the mosaicing precision in the plastic tibial model was (1.26?0.76)mm.The opera- tion of the reduction mechanism was very simple and could be controlled by a surgeon automatically or free of hand. An integrated reduction strategy could be produced for rough positioning in general and elaborate operations in de- tails.Conclusion The computer-assisted full planning system can be used for anatomical analysis based on the C-arm panorama,full surgical planning,virtual simulation,selection of proper intramedullary nails and fracture reduction in treatment of long bone fractures.

A large number of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumor tissues create a favorable environment for the development of tumor. CAFs inhibit immune cells activation and viability by cytokine secretion, and CAFs prohibit drugs and immune cells infiltration by producing extracellular matrix to weaken cancer treatment efficacy. Regulating CAFs or overcoming CAFs barriers are new strategies for cancer therapy. Hence, designing nano-carriers for regulating CAFs to suppress tumor progression or promoting drug delivery to tumor site by overcoming CAFs barriers has attracted much attention. Therefore, this manuscript reviewed the recent progresses of nano-carriers for CAFs-targeting cancer therapies, in order to provide a reference for clinical cancer treatment.

Animals ; Gallbladder ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Solitary Nucleus ; drug effects ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone ; pharmacology ; Vagus Nerve ; drug effects ; physiology

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of paclitaxel liposome combined with cisplatin chemotherapy in NSCLC with brain metastasis. Methods Twenty-eight patients were newly diag-nosed NSCLC with brain metastasis(confirmed by pathology or cytology). The patients were treated with pacli-taxel liposome(135 mg/ m2 )on day 1 intravenous drip for 3 hours,cisplatin,25 mg/ m2 on day 1-3. The course of treatment was 21 days. The patients accepted the anti-allergy treatment before chemotherapy. Results Twenty-eight patients could be evaluated,and 101 treatment cycles were completed( 3. 6 cycles per patient). General lesion assessment presented that no patient got complete remission( CR),13 patients (46. 43% )got a partial response(PR),11(39. 28% )had a stable disease(SD)and 4(14. 29% )had a progressive disease( PD). The objective response rate( RR)was 46. 43% ,and the disease control rate (DCR) was 85. 71% . Local cerebral response assessment showed that no patient got CR,6 patients (21. 43% )got a PR,15(53. 58% )had a SD and 4(14. 29% )had a PD. The RR was 21. 43% ,and the DCR was 85. 71% . There was a significant difference in the RR(χ2 = 3. 90,P = 0. 03)but not in the DCR (χ2 = 0. 15,P = 0. 3)between the local cerebral disease and the general lesion. The median time to disease progression(TTP)for general lesion and local cerebral were 7. 2 months and 6. 2 months,respectively(χ2 =6. 43,P < 0. 05). The adverse reactions included bone marrow suppression,gastrointestinal reactions,elevated transaminases,alopecia,neurotoxicity,etc. All of these could be well controlled. Conclusion Paclitaxel liposome combined with cisplatin regimen demonstrates a higher efficacy and well tolerable against main metas-tasis of NSCLC,and the adverse effects are minor.

The construction of nano-bionic drug delivery system based on cells or cellular components is a research hotspot of novel drug delivery systems at present. The nano-bionic drug delivery system can integrate the characteristics not only high drug loading and controlled release of nano-carriers, but also good biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and natural targeting from bionic components of cell, and it can also integrate with flexible morphology from living cells. Among them, nano-bionic drug delivery system based on macrophages possesses a good prospect of clinical application because of phagocytic function, inherent tendency, deep penetration ability and potential in cell therapy of macrophages in the treatment of tumors. Based on this, this paper reviews the drug loading strategies of nano-bionic drug delivery system based on macrophages and its application in tumor therapy, so as to provide reference for the development of novel drug delivery systems.