Objective To investigate the changes in mechanics of respiration during perioperative period in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) without venovenous bypass. Methods Thirty patients of grade Ⅱ～Ⅲ according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation without venovenous bypass, were included in this study. The respiratory parameters measured perioperatively included average airway resistance, peak inspiratory pressure, peak expiratory flow rate, dynamic compliance, work of breathing and respiratory drive. The complications of respiratory system during postoperative period were observed. Results Average airway resistance was decreased after abdominal cavity opening, decreased significantly at 5 min new hepatic phase and increased postoperatively. Peak expiratory flow rate and dynamic compliance were increased gradually after induction and increased significantly at anhepatic phase and new hepatic phase but decreased significantly on the first day postoperatively. Work of breathing was decreased after induction and decreased significantly at anhepatic phase and postoperative period. There was no significant difference in peak inspiratory pressure during operation. Compared with the values preoperation, the respiratory drive was decreased significantly during anhepatic phase and new hepatic phase. Total 35 times of postoperative respiratory complications occurred, which included pleural effusion, atelectasis, pulmonary artery hypertension, pulmonary interstitial edema and pnermonia. Conclusions There are obvious changes in respiratory mechanics during perioperative period of OLT, especially in postoperative period. Mechanical respiratory support is essential for patients until respiratory function recovers.

Objective To observe the change characteristics of serum prealbumin and cholinesterase in the liver cirrhosis pa-tients ,and to discusses the determination of these two indicators in diagnosis ,treatment and prognosis of clinical significance in pa-tients with liver cirrhosis .Methods A total of 45 liver cirrhosis patients diagnosis in our hospital from July to December 2013 were recruited into study group ,at the same time 98 healthy people were recruited into control group .The Hitachi 7170 automatic bio-chemical analyzer was used to detected serum prealbumin and cholinesterase ,the former was detected by immunoturbidimetry meth-od ,the latter was detected by butyryl glucosinolates choline bottom method .The levels and abnormal rates of the two indicators be-fore and after treatment in the study group were compared with those of the control group .Results The serum prealbumin and cho-linesterase at different stage in the study group were significant lower than those of the control group(P<0 .05) .The abnormal rate of serum prealbumin after treatment was significant different with those among and before treatment in patients with cirrhosis (χ2 =10 .08 ,P<0 .05) ,but there were no significant difference on cholinesterase(P>0 .05) .Conclusion The serum prealbumin is a sensitive indicator of liver cell damage ,its change could reflect the condition of treatment and development status ,which has im-portant clinical significance on judging the prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis .

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Staff ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Health ; Risk Factors ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the ischemic modified albumin(IMA)in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)early diagnaontic value.Methods In 89 cases of patients with ACS,present the onset of chest pain,2 h、6 h、12 h and 24 h blood test,IMA,cTnI and CK-MB.41 cases of acute myocardial infarction(AMI),angina pectoris 48 cases.IMA analysis for the diagnostic value of Acs.Results Patients with ACS、IMA level in onset of chest pain,2 h significantly higher peak,reched peak at 4 hours,returned tonormal at 6 hours.Instead CK-MB、cTnI 4 h began in the onset of chest pain increased significantly increased after 6 h,gradually increasing,myocandial infarction,IMA levels with angina in the most obvious(P＜0.05).Conclusion Early diagnosis of ACS IMA is sensitive indicators,the biochemical markers diagnosis of myocordial ischemia.

Objective To investigate the changes of lymphocyte subsets before and after the treatment with operation and chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.Methods Using cytometer to measure lymphocyte subsets of CD3+,CD4+, CD8+,CD4+/CD8+ and NK of 25 breast cancer patients before and after treatment.The all 25 patients were treated with operation and chemotherapy after pathological diagnosis.The article compared the figures of T cell subsets before and after treatment.Results Compared with before operation and chemotherapy,the CD8+ statistically decreased after 1~3 months of treatment (t=2.57),and NK statistically increased after 3~6 (t=-2.23).After 6 months of treatment,the patients’ CD3+(t=-2.25),CD4+(t=-2.07)were statistically lower and NK (t=-3.56)was statistically higher.There was no significant difference for other items.Conclusion Lymphocyte subsets test against breast cancer patients can reflect immuni-ty level at a certain level during treatment.But how to explain the figures in different stage against treatment effectiveness and prognosis need further research.

Background Erythropoietin (EPO) was proved to be express in hematopoietic tissue and nervous system and play the effects of stimulating blood cell production and protecting nervous tissue.Researches showed that EPO is expressed in the embryon brain of animal.However,whether EPO exist in nervous-derived retina and its action on retina with the development is concerned. Objective This research was to investigate the expression of EPO during the embryonic development period of rat retina and explore the role of EPO in retina development process.Methods Clean Wistar rats with pregnancy for 12 days,16 days and 20 days were collected,and the embryonic 12-day rats (E12 d,5 rats),embryonic 16-day rats (E16 d,5 rats) and embryonic 20-day rats ( E20 d,5 rats) were obtained by caesarean operation,and 5 12-month W istar rats were used as controls.The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the retinal sections were prepared in the different-embryo-phase (12 d,16 d,20d) and growth phase.The expression of EPO protein and mRNA in rat retina was detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),respectively.The feed and use of the animals followed the Regulation for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results EPO was positively expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclei in the neuroepithelial layer and pigment epithelium of every-embryo-phase rats but only in retinal ganglion cell layer in 12-month-old rats.The gray scale values of EPO expression in retina were 105.55±10.35,99.35± 8.71,83.27± 7.84and 30.30± 3.80 in E12 d rats,E16 d rats,E20 d rats and 12-month-old rats respectively with a statistically significant difference (F=76.13,P＜0.01 ).RT-PCR revealed that the relative values of EPO mRNA expression in retina were 0.876±0.10,0.861 ±0.09 and 0.256±0.03 in E16 d rats,E20 d rats and 12-month-old rats respectively,presenting a elevated value in embryonic rats compared with adult rats ( P =0.00).Gel imaging deletion showed that the A value of EPO amplification products was highest in E16 d rats and lowest in adult rats.Conclusions The expression of EPO appears a high to low fashion during the embryonic development of Wistar rats,which is closely associated with the developing procedure of retina.

Background The mechanism of both selenite-induced cataract and age-related cataract is oxidative damage.N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is one of the effective antioxidants,but the literature is little about the preventive and treating effects of NAC on cataract. Objective This study attempted to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effects of NAC on the selenite-induced cataract,and to discuss the possible mechanism. Methods Sixty 10-day-old clean SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group-1,normal control group-2,selenite-induced cataract group,NAC preventive group,NAC+normal saline group and NAC treatment group.Selenite cataract models were induced by subcutaneous injection of 3.46 mg/kg sodium selenite once daily for three days.The rats of NAC preventive group received the intraperitoneal injection of 2 mmol/L NAC 30 minutes before the injection of sodium selenite once daily for 6 days.In NAC treating group,2 mmol/L NAC was intraperitoneally injected 1 day after the injection of sodium selenite for 30 days,and the normal saline solution was injected at the same method in the NAC+normal saline group.Lens opacification was graded according to LOCS Ⅲ criteria.Histopathological change of lens epithelium was examined under a light microscope after hemotoxylin and eosin staining,and the ultrastructure was observed under the scanning electron microscope.The expression of caspase-3 in lens was assayed using immunochemistry.The levels of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ),malonaldehyde ( MDA ) in rat lens were detected respectively in corresponding time points.The use of the experimental animals complied with the Regulation for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Committee. Results In 7 days after experiment,lenses were completely clear in the normal control group.Lens opacification of Ⅴ grade was found in 11 eyes in selenite cataract model group,but no lens opacification of Ⅴ grade was seen in NAC preventive group,showing a significant difference(x2 =40.000,P＜0.05 ).In 30 days after experiment,Ⅳ- Ⅴ grades of cataracts were found in 20 eyes both in NAC + normal saline group and NAC treating group (x2=0.153,P＞ 0.05 ).Histopathological examination showed that lens structure was normal,and the separation between LECs and anterior capsule,the rupture of cellular membrane,deformation of cellular nuclei and the feature of lens fiber were seen in selenite cataract group,but the damage of lens was mild in the NAC preventive group.Ultrastructure of lens was obviously abnormal in selenite cataract group,NAC+normal saline group and NAC treating group.Expressions of caspase-3 and SOD in lens were significantly lower,but that of MDA was significantly higher in the selenite cataract group than the normal control group (P＜0.05) ;while those of the NAC preventive group were significantly different from selenite cataract group(P＜0.05).No significant difference was found in the expressions of caspase-3 and the levels of SOD and MDA between NAC+normal saline group and NAC treating group (P＞0.05 ). Conclusions Selenite can induce the apoptosis of LECs.NAC can evidently postpone formation of selenite cataract by increasing the activity of SOD,decreasing the level of MDA and the expression of caspase-3.However,NAC could not reverse selenite-induced lens damage.

The epitope-G1 gene of Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) glycoprotein was synthesised by PCR and cloned into expression vector pPIC9K to construct recombinant plasmid pPIC9K-G1. Then the pPIC9K-G1 was linearized and transformed into Pichia pastoris GS 115. The recombinant P. pastoris strains were selected by a G418 transformation screen and confirmed by PCR. After being induced with methanol, an expressed protein with 26 kDa molecular weight was obtained, which was much bigger than the predicted size (15.54 kDa). Deglycosylation analysis indicated the recombinant G1 was glycosylated. Western blot and ELISA tests, as well as rabbit immunization and specificity experiments indicated that the target protein had both higher reaction activity and higher immunocompetence and specificity. The recombinant G1 protein could be used as a coating antigen to develop an ELISA kit for bovine ephemeral fever diagnosis.

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of furans in tea by headspace-gas chromatographic mass spectrometry. Methods: The 20% sodium chloride solution and isotope internal standards were added to the crushed and weighed tea sample. Furan, 2-methylfuran, 3-methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran were separated by HP-PLOT Q capillary column and then determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization mode. Results: In the range of 5-400 ng, good linear relationships were observed in the four furan compounds, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.999 2 to 0.999 6. The detection limits ranged from 0.2 to 1.9 μg/kg, the quantification limit ranged from 0.4 to 3.1 μg/kg. The recovery rates of furans ranged from 95.4% to 128.2% when spiked at 5.0, 20.0 and 100.0 μg/kg, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 0.8% to 11.3%. Eighty-one tea samples were determined, the concentration of four furan compounds was highest in black tea, followed by dark tea, oolong tea, green tea and scented tea. Conclusion Headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry can reduce the matrix interference of tea, and meet the requirements in the linear range, recovery and precision, which is suitable for simultaneous determination of four furan compounds in tea.

Effects of different drying methods including sun drying, steamed, boiled, constant temperature drying (at 40, 50, 60 °C) on appearance, hardness, rehydration ratio, dry rate, moisture, total ash, extractive and polysaccharides contents were studied to provide the basis of standard processing method for Tulipa edulis bulbus. The results showed that the treatments of sun drying and 40 °C drying showed higher rehydration ratios, but lower dry rate, higher hardness, worse color, longer time and obvious distortion and shrinkage in comparison with other drying methods. The treatments of 60 °C constant temperature drying resulted in shorter drying time, lower water and higher polysaccharides content. Drying time is shorter and appearance quality is better in the treatment of steaming and boiling compared with other treatments, but the content of extractive and polysaccharides decreased significantly. The treatments of 50 °C constant temperature drying led to similar appearance quality of bulb to commercial bulb, and it resulted in lowest hardness and highest dry rate as well as higher rehydration ratio, extractive and polysaccharides content, moderate moisture and total ash contents among these treatments. Based on the results obtained, 50 °C constant temperature drying is the better way for the processing of T. edulis bulbus.
Color ; Desiccation ; methods ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Quality Control ; Tulipa ; chemistry ; Water ; analysis