OBJECTIVE:To improve the efficacy and safety of high dose methotrexate (HDMTX)chemotherapy in the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia through blood concentration monitoring.METHODS:27 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who received high dose of HDMTX (1.5～4.0 g/m2)for 55 times were involved in this study,the blood samples were collected timely and the blood concentration of methotrexate was determined,the efficacy of the chemotherapy was evaluated according to blood MTX concentration at the ending of its intravenous drip (12h),the calcium folinate relief scheme was determined from the MTX serum concentration in terminal elimination phase.RESULTS: The times for 2.0 g/m2,3.0 g/m2 and 4.0 g/m2 different dosage of methotrexate groups with blood concentration maintained above osmotic concentration(2?10-5mol/L)at the end of intravenous drip (12h)were respectively 75%,92.1%and 100%of the total chemotherapy times.Only one patient was observed with large area of impairment of skin and mucosa,and no severe irreversible adverse reaction were observed in the other cases.CONCLUSIONS: MTX serum concentration monitoring is helpful for mastering the rational rescue dosage of MTX and calcium folinate so as to ensure the efficacy and safety of the chemotherapy.

Objective To explore the characteristics and influential factors of resilience in empty-nest elderly with mild cognitive impairment(MCI) living in the poor area.Methods A total of 1 188 empty-nest elderly in the poor area of Hunan was sampled,analysis of covariance (ANCOVA),path analysis was used to analyze the data which were investigated by the two questionnaires including Index of SRQS.Results The prevalence of MCI in these 1 188 empty-nest elderly in rural area was 37.6％.The empty nest elderly in MCI group reported low resilience scores than those in cognitive normal group((58.84t 11.53) vs (63.58± 11.62) ; P＜0.001).ANCOVA and path analysis indicated that direct influences of income (β=3.324),education level (β=2.041),MoCA score (β=0.281) while age had indirect influences on it(β=-0.173).Conclusion Resilience in empty-nest elderly with MCI is low.Cognitive function,income and education are the direct influencing factor for resilience of the empty-nest elderly in the rural area.

0.05).Conclusions By our detection to healthy full-term neonates of their lipid levels,the recommended borderline up-limits of TC,TG and LDL-C are above 2.71 mmol/L,1.29 mmol/L and 1.12 mmol/L,respectively.The recommended up-limits are above 3.28 mmol/L,1.63 mmol/L and 1.78 mmol/L,respectively.

Histocytochemistry ; methods ; Humans ; Pathology, Clinical ; methods ; Specimen Handling ; methods ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

Immunohistochemical technique was an essential tool of conventional diagnosis,therefore,the application of immunohisto- chemistry in reformation of pathology laboratory teaching would boost pathological experimental teaching standards to a higher level.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and the efficacy of ultrasound in promoting PLGA nanoparticle-mediated gene transfection in vivo.Methods Prostate cancer cell line PC-3 was used to generate xenografts in nude mice for gene transfection experiment in vivo.GFP plasmid was encapsulated in PLGA-based nanoparticles.Nanoparticles were injected into tumors locally.Two hours later,xenografts were exposed to ultrasound.Xenograft tissues were harvested in different time points to assess the efficiency of gene expression with regard to different parameters of ultrasound. Results PLGA nanoparticle-encapsulated GFP plasmids were readily transfected to PC-3 cells in vivo.A large number of GFP expressing cells were observed after exposed to ultrasound with 1.0 MHz 50% duty factor continuous wave.In comparison,ultrasound exposure with 40% duty factor pulse wave in vivo had low efficacy in terms of GFP expression.No animal death was noticed due to ultrasound exposure.Conclusions Ultrasound exposure can enhance the release of plasmid DNA content delivered by PLGA nanoparticles in vivo,local exposure to ultrasound wave would be used in conjunction with PLGA nanoparticle-mediated targeted delivery to the tissue or organ of interest.

A method was developed for the determination of 54 volatile hydrocarbons in workplace air by thermal desorption/gas chromatography-hydrogen flame ionization detector. The workplace air was adsorbed by Tenax-TA thermal desorption tubes, then desorbed by thermal desorption and detected by gas chromatography. The experimental results indicated that the coefficients efficiency of 1,1-dichloroethylene, dichloromethane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, 2,2-dichloropropane, bromochloromethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloropropene were 0.9941-0.9986. The detection limits of bromochloromethane, dibromomethane, trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, 2,2-dichloropropane, dibromochloromethane, bromoform were 5.4-10.3 ng, the minimum detectable concentration was 0.01-0.1 mg/m~3 (the air volume=0.5 L). The coefficients efficiency of other 38 volatile hydrocarbons was above 0.999, the minimum detectable concentration were 0.001-0.01 mg/m~3. The detection limits of alkenes were 0.4-2.7 ng, alkanes 1.4-3.7 ng, aromatic hydrocarbons 0.2-1.0 ng and naphthalene 2.2 ng. The desorption efficiencies of 54 volatile hydrocarbons were 92.1%-113.1% and the relative standard deviations(RSDs) were 0.6%-17.4%. Except for the RSD values of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 2,2-dichloropropane, trichloromethane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, dichloromethane, bromochloromethane were 5.1%-17.4%, those of other volatile hydrocarbons were below 5%;The experimental results indicated that the breakthrough capacities of 9 volatile hydrocarbons were 400-4000 ng, those of the other volatile hydrocarbons were above 10 μg. Except for the loss rates of 2,2-dichloropropane, bromodichloromethane were 10%-15% in stable experiment, those of other volatile hydrocarbons in Tenax desorption tubes were below 5%, which indicated that 54 volatile hydrocarbons stored in Tenax tubes were stable. The method is a quick and accurate for the detection of volatile hydrocarbons in workplace air.

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of furans in tea by headspace-gas chromatographic mass spectrometry. Methods: The 20% sodium chloride solution and isotope internal standards were added to the crushed and weighed tea sample. Furan, 2-methylfuran, 3-methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran were separated by HP-PLOT Q capillary column and then determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization mode. Results: In the range of 5-400 ng, good linear relationships were observed in the four furan compounds, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.999 2 to 0.999 6. The detection limits ranged from 0.2 to 1.9 μg/kg, the quantification limit ranged from 0.4 to 3.1 μg/kg. The recovery rates of furans ranged from 95.4% to 128.2% when spiked at 5.0, 20.0 and 100.0 μg/kg, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 0.8% to 11.3%. Eighty-one tea samples were determined, the concentration of four furan compounds was highest in black tea, followed by dark tea, oolong tea, green tea and scented tea. Conclusion Headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry can reduce the matrix interference of tea, and meet the requirements in the linear range, recovery and precision, which is suitable for simultaneous determination of four furan compounds in tea.

Objective To explore the relationship between dynamic changes in ultra-micro-structural of pulmonary arteries and endogenous hydrogen sulfide in rats with left-right shunt.Methods Rats in shunt group were subjected to an abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava shunt to create an animal model of pulmonary artery structural remodeling. After 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks of experiment, the ultra-micro-morphologic changes of pulmonary arteries of rats were observed under electronic microscope and H_2S concentration in serum was evaluated by modified sulfide electrode method.Results The changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary arteries were progressively exacerbated, endothelial cells became swollen and large in size on 3 days, smooth muscular cells increased in size as well as the change of endothelial cells in 1 week, and they changed from contractile phenotype to synthetic phenotype in 4 weeks.Conclusions Shunt exhibited changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary arteries are accompanied by the changes of endogenous H_2S. It is suggested that endogenous H_2S might play a protective role in changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary artery.

AIM: To investigate alteration of functional receptors for urotensin II in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy of rats. METHODS: In the rat cardiac hypertrophy model produced by constriction of the abdominal aorta, urotensin II binding sites in myocardial sarcolemma were determined with radioligand assay first day (early group) and 30th day (late group) after operation. RESULTS: Compared with control and sham group, in the early group，the blood pressure increased 54% and 43% respectively(P＜0.01),and heart/body weight ratio unchanged(P＞0.05),UII receptors were up-regulated by 184% and 159%(P＜0.01)respectively, While the affinity to UII was decreased (Kd increased 224% and 206 respectively,P＜0.01).In the late group, the blood pressure increased 85% and 67% (P＜0.01), and heart/body weight ratio increased 18% and 22% (P＜0.05) respectively，than that of control and sham group. UII receptors were down-regulated by 35% and 41%(P＜0.05) respectively while the affinity to UII was increased (Kd decreased 30% and 33% respectively, P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: The biphasic changes of UII receptor in myocardial sarcolemma induced by pressure-overload were observed,increasing in early stage, while decreasing in late stage, and these changes were involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy.