Objective:To establish a method to determine the entrapment efficiency of loratadine binary ethosomes. Methods:The gel microcolumn centrifugation method was employed to separate the free drug from loratadine binary ethosomes. The content of lorata-dine was determined by HPLC to calculate the entrapment efficiency. Results: A calibration linear curve of loratadine concentration was within the range of 10. 2-102. 0 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 5). The average entrapment efficiencies of three batches of loratadine binary ethosomes were 86. 75%, 87. 26% and 86. 00%, respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple and rapid, and can be used to de-termine the entrapment efficiency of loratadine binary ethosomes accurately.

Objective: To prepare betahistine dihydrochloride sustained-release matrix tablets. Methods: The tablets were pre-pared with water soluble HPMC matrix, and the release behaviors were investigated by single factor study. The formula and preparation procedures were optimized by orthogonal design. Results:The optimal technology was as follows:using 60% HPMC K15M as the ma-trix material, calcium hydrogen phosphate as the filler, 10% PVP in 90% alcohol as the bonding agent;wet granulation compression technique was used to prepare the tablets with the tablet weight of 500mg. The in vitro drug release fits a Higuchi equation and the drug can be sustained-released within 12 h. Conclusion:The preparation technology is simple and the tablets have sustainol release behav-ior.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; therapy ; Female ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

This paper discusses the research of a digital hearing aid based on DSP TMS320C5416,in which a series of prevalent algorithms in digital hearing aid are realized including dynamic range compression,frequency compression,noise-reduction,directional multi-microphone,etc.This project provides some experience for national development of the hardware and software of the digital hearing aid based on DSP.

Objective To observe the efficacy of prophylactic use of gramsetron(Gra) combined with dexamethasone(DEX) on preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV) after umbilical one-trocar laparoscopic appendectomy(UOTLA)in children.Methods Sixty children requring UOTLA under general anesthesia were allocated randomly into 3 groups,and each of group included 20 children.Group saline(C),group Gra 40 ?g/kg,group Gra 40 mg/kg and group DEX 0.2 mg/kg(Gra+DEX) were respectively injected intravenously after appendectomy performed outside the abdominal cavity during the operation.Results The incidence of PONV decreased significantly in group Gra and group Gra+DEX than that in group C(Pa

OBJECTIVETo study the differentially expressed proteins in the process of annexin 5 stimulating testosterone secretion in cultured rat Leydig cells.

METHODSPrimary rat Leydig cells were cultured in vitro and treated with annexin 5 at the concentration of 1 nmol/L for 24 hours, and the cell proteins were extracted to be compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The differentially expressed protein spots were selected to be analyzed by mass spectrometry.

RESULTSWe obtained electrophoresis profiles with high resolution and reproducibility, found 50 differentially expressed protein spots, and identified 36 by mass spectrometry, of which 23 were overexpressed and 13 underexpressed in the Leydig cells treated with annexin 5.

CONCLUSIONDifferentially expressed protein profiles were established in the process of annexin 5 stimulating testosterone secretion in cultured rat Leydig cells, and identified the key role of these proteins in testosterone secretion. Our findings might be helpful to illuminate the mechanism of annexin 5 regulating testosterone secretion in rat Leydig cells.

Animals ; Annexin A5 ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Leydig Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Proteins ; metabolism ; Proteome ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testosterone ; secretion

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathologic features and diagnostic algorithm of light chain nephropathy (LCN).

METHODSSeven cases of LCN were studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunolabeling of light chains (kappa, lambda) by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy.

RESULTSThe histopathology of 7 cases by light microscopy was variable, with 3 cases showing nodular glomerulosclerosis, 1 case showing mild to moderate mesangial proliferation, and 3 cases showing cast nephropathy with minimal glomerular change. Immunofluorescence study revealed positive staining of a single type of light chain in mesangium (nodular pattern) or along glomerular basement membrane (linear), along tubular basement membrane and around arteriolar walls in all the 7 cases. Ultrastructurally, electron-dense granular deposits were identified in mesangium, subendothelial aspect of glomerular basement membrane, outer aspect of tubular basement membrane and arteriolar walls. Immunogold labeling of light chains showed distinct labeling of a single type light chain in the granular electron-dense materials (5 cases being kappa-positive and 2 being lambda-positive).

CONCLUSIONSLCN typically shows nodular glomerulosclerosis. The ultrastructural change is characteristic and important for diagnosis. Immunolabeling of light chains by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy carries further diagnostic value, especially in cases with minimal light microscopic change.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; immunology ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains ; immunology ; Kidney Diseases ; immunology ; pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; immunology ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Middle Aged

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction combined with western medicine on elderly patients with refractory hypertension.Methods A total of 120 elderly patients with refractory hypertension were randomly divided into treatment group (n =60) and control group (n =60).Control group was given propranolol 5-10 mg orally,tid or qid;captopril 12.5 mg orally bid or tid;indapamide 2.5 mg orally qd.Treatment group was given Xuefu Zhuyu decoction 100 mL · d-1,bid on the basis of control group.All patients were treated for 90 d.The clinical symptoms and blood pressure were compared before and after treatment.Results The clinical efficacy was 95.00％ (57/60 cases) and 78.33％ (47/60 cases,P ＜0.05).After treatment,the systolic blood pressure (SBP) were (130.09 ±9.95),(113.08 ±15.24) mmHg in control group and treatment group,and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were (84.40 ±9.05),(81.02 ±6.56) mmHg (P ＜0.05).There was 1 case of dizziness in control group,and no adverse drag reaction occurred in treatment group,with no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Xuefu Zhuyu decoction combined with western medicine maybe an effective treatment on elderly patients with refractory hypertension.

AIMTo investigate the stereoselective pharmacokinetic process of tetrahydropalmatine (THP) in rats.

METHODSThe concentrations of tetrahydropalmatine enantiomers in rat plasma were determined by coupled achiral and chiral HPLC method. The differences in plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters between the two enantiomers were compared by paired t-test.

RESULTSThe plasma levels of l-THP were always higher than those of d-THP in eight rats. There was significant difference between the main pharmacokinetic parameters of the two enantiomers.

CONCLUSIONTetrahydropalmatine showed significant stereoselective pharmacokinetics in rats after an ig dose of the racemate.

Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Berberine Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Female ; Male ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stereoisomerism

OBJECTIVETo explore the association between chromosomal damage induced by vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolism genes and DNA repair genes.

METHODSCytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test was performed to detect chromosomal damage in peripheral lymphocytes of 402 VCM-exposed workers. Multiplex PCR was used to simultaneously amplify GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, other genetic polymorphisms were performed using a PCR-RFLP technique.

RESULTSMultiple (adjusted) Poisson regression analysis showed that mean MN frequencies were significantly elevated for the intermediate (4000-40000 mg) and high (> 40000 mg) exposure groups as compared with the low exposure group (P = 0.003 and 0.03, respectively). For genetic polymorphisms, the exposed workers with CYP2E1 or XRCC1 Arg280His variance showed a higher CBMN frequency than their wild-type homozygous counterparts (P = 0.02); so did the workers with GSTP1 105Val/Val genotype or ALDH2 504Glu/Glu genotype than those with a combination of other genotypes (P = 0.01 and 0.003, respectively).

CONCLUSIONOur findings reveal that cumulative exposure dose of VCM and common genetic variants in genes, such as GSTP1, CYP2E1, ALDH2, XRCC1 Arg280His genotypes, are the major factors that modulate MN induction in VCM- exposed workers. Further study to investigate the relationship between individual characteristics and genetic susceptibility to VCM-caused chromosome damage is warranted, it is helpful for us to understand the mechanism of VCM metabolism, to find the biomarkers of susceptibility and to recognize the susceptible individuals in the primary prevention of VCM-caused damage.

Adult ; Chromosome Aberrations ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Micronucleus Tests ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Vinyl Chloride ; toxicity ; Young Adult