Objective To understand non stomatology undergraduates'strategies for learning stomatology and to study the reform on this course.Methods The learning strategies of 560 undergraduates majoring in clinical medicine from grade 2007 were investigated s and ten related factors like learning attitudes were investigated by learning strategies scale.Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were applied to deal with research data.Results Most undergraduates were lack of strategies in learning stomatology.Related coefficient between 10 factors and academic scores ranged from 0.197 to 0.401,existing positive correlation(P＜0.05).Determination coefficients(R2)of attitude,motivation,time management and learning auxiliary means were 0.146,0.167,0.223and 0.122 respectively,which can be used to predict the scores of examination.Condusions Non stomatology undergraduates'strategies for learning stomatology is a vital factor influencing their academic scores.It's necessary for teachers to improve their teaching methods considering students'professional characteristics and learning strategies.

4. 0 Log was precede 5 DBS samples whose plasma VL

Objective To establish abdominal aortic dissection model in ApoE-/-mice, and to evaluate the ability of 7.0T MR to detect the abdominal aortic artery aneurysms in ApoE-/-mice in vivo. Methods ApoE-/-mice aged 10 months were infused with angiotensin Ⅱ with 14 days Osmotic minipump after 10 weeks of high lipid diet. Two different doses of angiotensin Ⅱ were given to mice, i.e. 1000 ng/(kg·min) and 500 ng/(kg·min), respectively. The contrast group was infused with saline water. The abdominal aortic artery was observed in vivo with MR before and within 14 days infusion. At last, the pathological changes of the abdominal artery were compared with MRI findings. Results After 6 or 7 days higher dose of angiotensin Ⅱ infusion, aortic dissection was seen. MR T2WI showed crescent-shaped high signal in the vessel wall of one side，the pathological study identified the hematoma between media and adventitia. Abdominal aortic dissection aneurysms were also found in the mice 13 or 14 days after lower dose of angiotensin Ⅱ infusion, which were consistent with pathological studies. Besides, the signal of the vessel wall was significantly higher in both T2WI and PDWI sequences. There was excellent agreement between MR and histopathology. 〖WTHZ〗 Conclusion Abdominal aortic dissection aneurysms model can be successfully established with different doses (1000 ng/(kg·min) and 500 ng/(kg·min)) of angiotensin Ⅱ infusion into ApoE-/-mice fed with high lipid diet. High-resolution MR is able to visualize the abdominal aortic dissection aneurysm formation in vivo.

V(E) acetate-loaded methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) amphiphilic diblock copolymer nano-dispersion (PMV) was prepared by self-emulsification/solvent evaporation method. The drug-loaded amount, size distribution of PMV nanoparticles, and entrapment efficiency of V(E) acetate (V(E)A) were determined by UV and laser particle analyzer. Drug release in vitro was primarily investigated by UV. The results indicate that the size of PMV nanoparticles is less than 300 nm and PMV is largely influenced by preparation methods, property of solvents, V(E)A-fed amount, and the concentration of dispersion. The initial burst release is not observed and the accumulated release is more than 79% after 14 h. This study develops a new formulation for V(E)A and provides an experimental basis for the novel drug delivery systems of V(E)A.
Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemical synthesis ; Drug Carriers ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Nanoparticles ; Polyesters ; administration & dosage ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; Vitamin E ; administration & dosage

Aged ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; blood ; therapy ; Emergency Treatment ; Female ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; poisoning ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Serum ; chemistry

Taking application of some isolation and purification technologies, such as solvent extraction, preliminary solvent isolation, column chromatographies over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel and preparative HPLC, 10 compounds were obtained from Gynura nepalensis cultivated in the suburban area of Beijing. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature as (3R) -3-hydroxy-β-ionone (1), (3S,5R, 6S, 7E) -5, 6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (2), (+) -boscialin (3), 3, 6-trans-3-hydroxy-α-ionone (4), 3, 6-cis-3-hydroxy-α-ionone (5), 3, 4-cis-3, 4-dihydroxy-β-ionone (6), ethyl caffeate (7), loliolide (8), 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (9), and 3-(hydroxyacetyl)indole (10), respectively. All compounds were isolated from the title plant for the first time, and with compounds 1, 2, 4-7, 9 and 10 being isolated from Gynura species for the first time. Structurally, the above compounds 1-6 belong to C13 nor-sesquiterpenoids, sharing the same carbon skeleton of megastigmane. According to this study, they are one of major kinds of chemical constituents of Gynura nepalensis and have important reference value for the investigation on phytotaxonomy of this species.
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Caffeic Acids ; chemistry ; Cyclohexanones ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; Indoles ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Norisoprenoids ; chemistry

Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) experience a significant decrease in their living quality, due to the limitations imposed by the disease as well as the demands of the treatment that they receive. Some side effects contribute to the morbidity of these patients. Among them, erectile dysfunction (ED) is notable. This article reviews recent advances in etiological factor study and treatment of ED in CRF patients, which may guide the clinic practices in a considerable scale.
Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; complications ; Male

Objective To discuss the treatment of urethral stricture after hypospadias reDair.Methods Thirty-seven cases of urethral stricture after hypospadias repair from 1999 to 2006 were ret-rospectively analyzed. Of 37 patients,the stricture was located at the distal end of urethra in 7 cases.There were 3 1 cases with anastomotic stricture.There was 1 case with distal urethral stricture and anastomotic structure.There were 1 3 patients with the simple urethral stricture and the complicated 24 cases.Of 13 simple urethral stricture patients,4 patients were repaired with urethro-meatomy,6 patients with shelf operation and 3 patients with transurethral holmium laser urethrotomy.Eight Pa-tients with complicated urethral fistula,6 patients with urethral diverticula,4 patients with phallo-campsis and 6 patients with many times of postoperative urethral stricture were repaired with shelf op-eration or penis skin flap or septum of scrotum skin flaps urethroplasty. Results The simple stric-tures of 1 2 patients were cured by stage 1 operation,the other one cured after second surgery.Of 8 patients with fistula,7 were cured at stage 1,the other one was cured at the stage 2.Of 6 patients with diverticulum,all were cured at stage 1.Of 4 patients with phallocampsis,3 cases were cured at stage 1,the other one was cured at the stage 2.Of 6 patients with recurrent strictures,all were cured at stage 1.A1l patients were followed up 1 2 to 24 months.The micturition was without difficuItv at stand position. Conclusions Urethral stricture is one of the most common complications after hypos-padias repair.The simple urethral stricture could be repaired with urethro-meatomy or sheIf operation or transurethral holmium laser urethrotomy.The complicated urethral stricture could be reDaired with shelf operation or penis skin flaps or septum of scrotum skin flaps urethroplasty and overjetted with dortos of scrotum flaps.

Objective To summarize the success of congenital penile curvature. Methods 401 cases of con-genital penile curvature,whose average age is 2. 5 years ,ranging from 1 year to 26 years old. Of all cases ,383 patients who have both hypespadias and penile cun, ature, only 18 patients are congenital penile curvatures. 295 paitents are slight curvature,85 patients are moderate curvature and 21 patients are severe curvature. Curvature correction was per-formed on a case-by-case basis by solution fibric trabs of ventrial urethra and surrounding,skin de-gloving, ff necessa-ry,dorsal plication,and confirmed by Gittes test. Results . Curvature correction was possible by mobilization of ure-thra after penile degloviag,only a few need dorsal plieation. Followup for 6 months to 2 years,396 patients are success at once. The others after a second surgery had 100% success. Conclusions Solution fibrie trabs of ventrial urethra and surrounding, skin de-gloving, if necessary,dorsal plication ,is the first choice to repair of the congenital penile cur-vature and have good results.

Objective To explore the best therapeutic methods for acute mesenteric venous thromboses(AMVT)with different degrees of intestinal ischemic lesions. Methods 6 cases of acute abdomen were preoperatively diagnosed as AMVT with imaging. After laparotomy, patients were classified as congestive lesion(n=3)and necrotic lesion(n=3)according to the degree of intestinal sichemia and were treated with mesenteric thrombectomy and bowel resection, respeetively. All cases received heparin and urokinase perioperatively. Results Of the 3 patients receiving mesenteric thrombectomy, 2 were cured and the other one with ischemic ascending colon was cured after right hemicolectomy due to the complication of colic dynamic ileus and perforation 10 days after thrombectomy. The other 3 patients recovered after bowel resection. Follow-up from 8 months to 6 years showed no recurrence. Conclusion Combined with anti-coagulation therapy, thrombectomy and bowel resection are rational and effective protocol for congestive lesion and necrotic lesion, respectively in AMVT patients.