Objective To evaluate the impact of low-dose 131I therapy and high-dose 131I therapy on the clinical outcome in PTC patients coexisting with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).Methods A total of 140 non-distant metastatic PTC patients (16 males,124 females,age range:16-66 years) from July 2010 to December 2014 were enrolled in this retrospective study.Patients concurrent with HT (n=84,group A) were divided into low-dose group (1 110 MBq,n=56,group A1) and high-dose group (5 550 MBq,n=28,group A2) according to 131I ablation dose.Patients without HT (n =56) were enrolled as control group (group B),and received 1 110 MBq of 131I.The thyroid remnant ablation outcome was evaluated according to 131I diagnostic whole-body scan (Dx-WBS),neck ultrasonography (US),serum Tg and TgAb level 6-8 months after 131I ablation therapy.The successful ablation rates were compared by x2 test.Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was also used.Results There were no significant differences among the 3 groups in terms of both clinicopathological features and postoperative remnant thyroid (H:0.203-2.944,x2:0.271-0.970,all P＞0.05).When negative Dx-WBS and US were deemed as successful ablation criterion,complete ablation rate was found significantly more in group B (94.6％,53/56) than that in group A1 (82.1％,46/56;x2=4.264,P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found between group A2 (85.7％,24/28) and group A1 (x2 =0.318,P＞0.05).When combining negative sTg (sTg＜1 μg/L,TgAb＜46 kU/L) with the above 2 criterions to assess remnant ablation outcome,group B also had a higher successful rate to achieve complete ablation (85.7％,48/56) compared with group A1 (75.6％,34/45),but without statistical significance (x2=2.978,P＞0.05),and no difference was observed between group A2 (12/15) and group A1 (x2=1.320,P＞ 0.05).Conclusion Non-distant metastatic PTC patients coexisting with HT has undesirable 131I ablation outcome compared with those without HT,increasing 131I dose is unhelpful to enhance efficiency of remnant ablation for PTC patients with HT.

protrusion measured by ultrasound for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction.Methods A literature search of medline (1966.1-2011.6),embase(1984.1-2011.6),CNKI (1994.1-2011.6) and WEIPU Data (1989.1-2011.6) from 1999 to 2009 was performed by two reviewers independently.QUADAS items was applicated to assess trial quality.Golden standard was BOOI measured by urodynamics (BOOI more than 40 indicates bladder outlet obstruction).Heterogenous studies and meta-analysis were conducted by Meta-Disc 1.4 software.Results Totally 6 studies was included at last,involving 682 subjects.No threshold effect was found,but there was heterogeneity due to other factors.The meta-analysis showed that the sensitivity was 70.8 ％,specificity was 87.6 ％,positive LR was 5.132,negative LR was 0.303,the diagnostic OR was 22.18,the area under SROC curve was 0.8723 and Q index was 0.8028.Conclusions Intravesical prostatic protrusion measured by ultrasound is a good index for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia when intravesical prostatic protrusion is equal or more than 10mm.

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; B7-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; CD28 Antigens ; metabolism ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Child ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; metabolism ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; immunology ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Receptors, Immunologic ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the expressions of Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP1) in gallbladder mucosal epithelium of normal persons,in patients with simple/calculous cholecystitis,and in patients with gallbladder carcinoma;and to study the mechanism of YAP1 in gallbladder carcinoma development.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression and distribution of YAP1 protein in 50 persons with normal gallbladder,101 patients with simple cholecystitis/calculous cholecystitis and 100 patients with gallbladder carcinoma.RT-PCR and western-blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of YAP1 in normal and malignant gallbladder mucosal epithelium cells.siRNA was used to shut down the expression of YAP1 in SGC996 cells.MTT was used to test cell vitality.Flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle.Results Immunohistochemistry revealed the expression rates of YAP1 in the gallbladder carcinoma group,the cholecystitis/gallstone group and the control group to be 87.0％ (87/100),56.4％ (57/101) and 5.0％ (1/20),respectively (P ＜ 0.01).The YAP1 protein levels were higher in gallbladder carcinoma tissues and cells when compared to normal tissues and cells.RT-PCR showed the mRNA levels of gallbladder carcinoma cells to be 12.5 ± 1.2 times of normal gallbladder mucosal epithelial cells (P ＜ 0.05).After using siRNA to shut down the YAP1 expression,EMT associated proteins were down-regulated,cell vitality was decreased,and cell cycle was arrested in the S-phase.Conclusions YAP1 is closely related to cell proliferation and metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma.It may promote tumor progression through epithelial-mesenchymal transition.transition;Tumor progress

Objective To investigate the effect of a Chinese herbs mixture(Monkshood,ginger and licorice)on blood pressure(BP)and its possible mechanism in renovascular hypertensive rats.Methods 2K1C hypertensive rats received placebo(n=8)or Sinitung(n=8)by gavage for 2 weeks.BP was measured by tail-cuff.Plasma angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)and calcium gene related peptide(CGRP)were examined by histochemical assay.Results Sinitang treatment significantly decreased BP(116.2?8.3 mm Hg vs placebo:131.6?14.2 mm Hg,P

As an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), mineral medicine plays an irreplaceable role. However, little has been reported on its species and valence state of heavy metals and deleterious elements, and also the relevance to pharmacological effect and toxicology. The present paper, in a new perspective, summarized the determination of the species and valence state of heavy metals and deleterious elements in recent years, discussed the progress of the pharmacological effect and toxicology, and prospected for future study which might provide reference for mineral medicine.
Animals ; Drug Contamination ; statistics & numerical data ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; toxicity ; Minerals ; analysis ; pharmacology

Objective To examine the efficacy and safety of 125Iseed implantation for treating neuroblastoma (NB) in animal models.Methods A total of 45 nude mice models of neuroblastoma were constructed and divided into the 125Igroup.control group.and blank group at 15 mice per group.The long and short diameters of the tumor were measured every 3 days.and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated every 9 days.Apoptotic and proliferative protein expression levels in tumor tissue and peritumoral tissue.as well as endocrine markers and bone marrow of the nude mice.were analyzed.The independent sample t test was used to compare the mean scores.and ANOVA was used for comparison between multiple groups.Results Tumor volume inhibition rate was significantly higher in the 125Igroup than in the control group and blank group on days 9.18.and 27(all P<0.05).Caspase-3 expression in tumor tissues was significantly higher in the 125Igroup than in the control group and blank group (all P<0.05).whereas proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was significantly lower in the 125Igroup than in the control group and blank group (all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in Caspase-3 and PCNA expression between the control group and blank group (all P>0.05).In addition.no significant difference in the expression of Caspase-3 and PCNA in peritumoral tissue was observed between the 125Igroup.control group.and blank group (all P>0.05).Cell apoptosis in tumor tissue was significantly lower in the blank group and control group than in the 125Igroup (all P<0.05).while there was no significant difference between the blank group and the control group (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in endocrine markers between the three groups (P>0.05).There was no significant bone marrow suppression in the 125Igroup.and this observation was similar to those in the control group and blank group (all P>0.05).Conclusions 125Iseeds have significant toxicity to NB.125Iseed implantation is safe in nude mice with NB within the therapeutic doses.

Background and purpose:The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) is increasing worldwide. However, there were some differences among different regions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence trends and clinicopathological characteristics of TC in Qingdao, a typical eastern coastal city, and to analyze the change in etiological spectrum of surgical thyroid diseases in recent years.Methods:A total of 2 251 patients who underwent thyroidectomy in 2014 due to thyroid nodules at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were retrospectively reviewed. The clinico-pathological characteristics were further analyzed among 1 306 patients with TC and compared with the corresponding data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database as well as previous data from this hospital.Results:With the increasing number of thyroidectomy in Qingdao, there was also an increase in the proportion of TC in patients after thyroidectomy, from 34.8% in 2010 to 59.0% in 2014. Among those with TC, the male-to-female ratio was 1∶2.80, with a relatively high incidence among 20-54 year-old adults, who were younger than those reported in terms of distribution of age in SEER database (U=2 289,P=0.000). About 50.2% of the TC patients were overweight or obese, 78.2% TC patients had only asymptomatic nodules detected by ultrasound at initial diagnosis, while 16.6% had visible or palpable thyroid nodules. Only 5.2% presented hoarseness or other repression symptoms. Micro-carcinoma accounted for 61.7% of TC in 2014 at this hospital, which was significantly higher than the proportion in 2010 (37.7%). Lymph node involvement was significantly more frequent at this hospital than in SEER database (49.5%vs 26.0%,χ2=11.806,P=0.001). Even among patients with micro-carcinoma, 31.3% already presented lymph node metastases. The proportions of papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic carcinoma were 97.5%, 1.1%, 1.0% and 0.5%, respectively, among which the percentage of papillary carcinoma was higher than that in SEER database (U=4 654.5,P=0.055).Conclusion:There was an increase in the number of thyroidectomy in Qingdao, and the preoperative diagnostic accuracy of TC in this area kept rising. The in-cidence of TC was relatively high in a younger population, with more common lymph node involvements and an overweight trend. The increasing proportion of micro-carcinoma might be related to the popularization of health examination. However, the frequent lymph node metastasis in patients with micro-carcinoma is an important indicator of the invasive behavior of micro-carcinoma, which should not be overlooked.

Objective To explore the prognostic value of modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) and risk factors in predicting overall survival (OS) in the castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 48 consecutive Chinese patients with CRPC received docetaxel-based chemotherapy in our institution from January 2008 to January 2012.Patients were divided into three groups according to the mGPS:0,1 and 2 score groups,and compare the OS among the three groups.Variables that were influenced the efficacy of chemotherapy were included in the univariate analysis and multivariate model.Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves,and the differences in overall survival rates were assessed using the Logrank test.Results The follow-up was performed until April 2014.There were 48 CRPC patients including mGPS 0 score group 30 cases,mGPS 1 score group 11 cases and mGPS 2 score 7 cases.The median OS was 22,11,9 months,respectively,P＜0.01.Univariate analysis showed that:prechemotherapy baseline total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA),Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score,the number of chemotherapy cycle,visceral metastasis and PSA response were associated with poor prognosis (P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that:prechemotherapy mGPS 1-2 score,baseline tPSA＞60 μg/L,the number of cycles of chemotherapy≤5,with visceral metastasis and PSA response in patients with CRPC were independent risk factors for prognosis in the CRPC treated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy.Conclusion mGPS is an independent risk factor for prognosis in the CRPC patients treated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy.

Objective To investigate the changes of spontaneous activity of mesenteric nerve in guinea pig model with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS)and the response of mesenteric nerve to pressure and acid stimulation in order to clarify whether mesenteric nerve involves in the pathogenesis of the PI-IBS.Methods A total of 20 female adult guinea pigs were divided into PI-IBS group and control group,ten in each group.Guinea pigs of PI-IBS group were gastric lavaged with 8 000 to 10 000 Trichinella spiralis larves at a time,and were fed for six to eight weeks to establish PI-IBS model.The sample of proximal jejunum was taken and mesenteric nerves of guinea pigs of both groups were isolated.Spontaneous activity of mesenteric nerve was recorded in PI-IBS and control groups by extracellular electrophysiological recorder.The changes of mesenteric nerve activity were recorded after the intestine of two groups was stimulated with different dilation pressure (5 ,10,20 and 30 cmH2 O, 1 cmH2 O=0.098 kPa)and different concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl)solution (1 ,10,20 and 30 mmol/L).Unpaired t test was performed for the comparison between the two groups.Results The spontaneous discharge frequency of mesenteric nerve of PI-IBS group was (75 .98±14.01)Hz,while that of control group was (31 .36±4.71)Hz,which was,obviously lower than that of PI-IBS group (t =9.55 ,P <0.01).After the intestine of PI-IBS group was dilated with 5 ,10,20 and 30 cmH2 O pressure, the discharge frequency of mesenteric nerve increased by (36.21±12.41)Hz,(40.18±10.48)Hz,(45.72± 10.11)Hz,and (56.05 ±9.27)Hz than baseline,respectively;likewise,in control group,after dilated with same pressure,the discharge frequency increased by (20.00±5.28)Hz,(22.13 ±3.34)Hz,(28.55 ± 4.80)Hz and (35 .07±7.56)Hz than baseline,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of PI-IBS group (t=3.80,3.19,4.85 and 5 .55 ,P =0.028,0.006,0.009 and 0.003).After the intestin of PI-IBS group was stimulated with 1 ,10,20 and 30 mmol/L HCl,the discharge frequency of mesenteric nerve increased by (2.10±0.89 )Hz,(10.87 ±3.30 )Hz,(19.59 ±2.99 )Hz and (34.49 ±6.80)Hz after stimulation respectively,while in control group after stimulated with same concentrations of HCl, the discharge frequency increased by (0.26 ±0.21 )Hz,(5 .55 ±3.91 )Hz,(7.70 ±2.53)Hz,(14.90± 10.10)Hz,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of PI-IBS group (t=6.36,3.29,9.60 and 5.09;P =0.002,0.049,<0.01 and 0.005).Conclusion The spontaneous electric activity of mesenteric nerve of PI-IBS guinea pig model increased and was more sensitive to pressure and acid,which indicated that hypersensitivity of mesenteric nerve might play an important role in the pathogenesis of PI-IBS.