Tonsillectomy and(or) adenoidectomy are effective procedures for children with chronic tonsillitis, diseases associated with the tonsil and other adenotonsillar diseases, and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Since the tonsil and adenoid gland play a dual role in fluid and cell immunity, whether adenotonsillectomy results in the abnormal immune function in children after the surgery has always been the focus of attention. This review focuses on the alterations and impacts on immunity in children after tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. Recent studies confirmed that in short term the immune index may be slightly reduced after the tonsil and adenoid resection in children, however, the decline has no clinical significance because the remaining mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue can compensate for removal of the tonsils and adenoids. Over time, the immune index tends to be normal. The children's postoperative short-term decline in the immune index will gradually recover to the preoperative level or there is no significant difference compared with that in normal children. Therefore, long-term immune function did not decline after tonsil and adenoid resection in children.
Adenoidectomy ; Adenoids ; surgery ; Child ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Palatine Tonsil ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Tonsillectomy ; Tonsillitis ; surgery

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of anal cushion suspensory and external hemorrhoid airfoil-shaped suture in treatment of ring-ship mixed hemorrhoid,improve the level of the surgical treatment of ring-ship mixed hemorrhoid.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with ring-ship mixed hemorrhoid were divided into treatment group (60 cases treated by anal cushion suspensory and external hemorrhoid airfoil-shaped suture) and control group (60 cases treated by Milligan-Morgan operation) according to the operation method.The postoperative pain,hospitalization time,wound healing time,postoperative complications,etc were observed and compared.Results The cure rate was 100.0％ (60/60) in treatment group and 70.0％ (42/60) in control group,and there was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The hospitalization time,wound healing time was (8.58 ± 0.89),(14.00 ± 0.72) d in treatment group,(10.20 ± 0.30),(19.00 ± 0.21) d in control group,and there was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications and the degree of postoperative pain in treatment group was lower than that in control group,and there was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Anal cushion suspensory and external hemorrhoid airfoil-shaped suture in treatment of ring-ship mixed hemorrhoid has advantage of shorter wound healing time,less postoperative pain,less postoperative complications.

Dengue (DEN) virus is a member of the family flaviviridae which consists of a group of enveloped viruses with a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome. DEN virus infection is initiated by the binding of envelope protein E to cellular receptor,followed by replication in cytoplasm which associated with a range of induced membrane structures. Further characterization of the DEN replication complex (RC) showed the involvement of NS1, NS2A, NS3, NS4A, and NS5 proteins as the viral replicase. The DEN virion maturation is associated with the cleavage of precursor of protein C by NS2B/NS3 protease and the glucosylase-mediated N-linked oligosaccharide trimming of prM, E protein. This review summarizes recent advance in research on DEN virus life cycle, emphasizing cellular receptor, RNA replication and virion assembly.

Objective One of the major obstacle to the successful treatment of cancer in clinic is the drug-resistance phenotype.In this study,the effect of realgar(REA) on the induction of apoptosis and the reversal of drug resistance were investigated. Methods Human breast cancer line MCF-7 and its adriamycin(ADM) resistant counterpart MCF-7/ADM cells were used in this study.15mg/L REA and 25mg/L REA were selected as non-cytotoxic dose and low-cytotoxic to MCF-7/ADM cells respectively by MTT assay.Then,they were adopted to affect the growth of MCF-7/ADM cells. MTT assay was used to analyze the effect of REA on drug sensitivity to ADM.The cells apoptosis was detected by transmission electron microscope and flow cytornetry.The expressions of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 were detected by flow cytometry.Finally,the intracellular accumulation of ADM in MCF-7/ADM cells was detected by fluorescent-spectrophotometry. Results REA reversed the drug-resistance of ADM in MCF-7/ADM cells with dose-dependent relationship.When 15mg/L REA or 25mg/L REA was added into the culture,the 50% inhibitory concentration(IC_(50)) of ADM in MCF-7/ADM cells was reduced from 30.4mg/L to 13.2mg/L and 10.8mg/L(P

Objective To compare the operation effects of sensation restoration after tumor resection in the head and neck defects reconstruction by anterolateral thigh flap with or without sensory nerve transplantation.Methods The application of 76 cases anterolateral thigh flaps in head and neck defects reconstruction after tumor resection from May,2011 to May,2015 were observed.35 patients underwent simultaneous reconstruction with sensory nerve anastomosed perforator based anterolateral thigh flap and 41 patients underwent simultaneous reconstruction without sensory nerve graft based anterolateral thigh flap,which was named as group A and group B,respective ly.The treatment effectiveness of the two groups was compared and graded into First,Second and Third rate.Results All the 76 flaps survived.Satisfying morphology for the maxillofacial region and stage-one healing for the donor site was available.During the 24-week follow-up,group A were 65.71％ (First rate),28.57％ (Second rate),5.72％(Third rate) respectively,and the condition of group B were 31.70％,26.84％,41.46％.The treatment effectiveness of group A was better than that of group B.Postoperative complications were less than group B(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with the loss of nerve transplantation of anterolateral thigh perforator flap,sensory nerve anastomosed perforator based anterolateral thigh flap is of great value to reconstruct the defect after resection of tumor in head and neck region and restore the sensation of flap.

Objective In many types of epithelial tumors,down-regulation or mutation of the epithelial cell-adherent molecule E-cadherin is associated with an increased invasiveness that can be prevented by the forced expression of the cell-adherent molecule.This suggests that E-cadherin is a latestage tumor suppressor that prevents invasion and metastasis.This study was to investigate cell invasion and migration status of human ovary serous cystadeno carcinoma HO-8910 cell line when the E-cadherin expression was down-regulated with RNA interference(RNAi) technology. Methods E-cadherin siRNA was transfected into HO-8910 cells to inhibit the expression of E-cadherin.The effect of RNAi was detected by immunofluoresence assay and Western blotting.The invasive ability of the cancer cells was determined by Transwell assay. Results After RNAi,the expressions of E-cadherin were significantly decreased from 63.7% to 11.9%(P

Objective To study the reversal effect of adriamycin (ADM) resistance in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7/ADM by realgar (REA) combined with ?-elemene (?-ELE), two types of anticancer drugs. Methods The sensitivity to ADM of MCF-7/ADM cells was studied by MTT assay.The intracellular accumulation of ADM in MCF-7/ADM cells was observed by fluorescent-spectrophotometry. Expressions of P-GP protein and Bcl-2 protein were detected by flow cytometry. Results The combined treatment of REA and ?-ELE could significantly enhance the cytotoxic effect of ADM on MCF-7/ADM cells to 4.2 fold as compared with the treatment of REA or ?-ELE respectively (P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Caspofunjin on invasive fungal infections in patients refractory to Fluconazole in ICU.Methods The open clinical trial was conducted in 44 invasive fungal infections patients who was refractory to Fluconazole,including 7 cases of confirmed,28 cases of suspected and 9 cases for empire treatment.They were treated with Caspofunjin in a dose of 70 mg in the first day,and then in a dose of 50 mg/d for 10～40 d.Results The cure rate of patients was 42.86%,the effective rate was 76.19%,and the eradication rate was 65.22%.All patients were well tolerated.Conclusion Caspofunjin is effective and safe in the treatment of severe invasive fungal infections.

Objective To observe the effects of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on survival of the blade-thickness free skin grafts. Methods Sixty-five patients with skin defects were divided into NPWT treatment group ( Group Ⅰ,n =35) and conventional treatment group ( Group Ⅱ,n =30) according to different postoperative fixation methods.The patients in Group Ⅰ were fixed with the aid of NPWT after blade-thickness free skin grafting,and the patients in Group Ⅱ were fixed with tie-over bolster dressing. Results The survival rate of the skin grafts of Group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of Group Ⅱ at day5 postoperatively [ (80.59 ±10.30)％ vs (71.46 ±10.68)％,P＜0.05].The survival period for the skin grafts of Group Ⅰ was shorter than that of Group Ⅱ[ (5.34 ± 0.87) days vs ( 11.20 ± 1.65) days,P ＜ 0.01].The duration of postoperative hospital stay of Group Ⅰ was obviously shorter than that of Group Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.01 ).The cost of antibiotics of Group Ⅰ was less than that of Group Ⅱ [ ( 1 765.71 ± 164.39) RMB yuan vs (2 700.00 ±221.28) RMB yuan,P ＜0.01].The dressing frequency and cost of group Ⅰ were less than those of group Ⅱ [(3.11 ± 0.32) times,(249.14 ±25.82) RMB yuan vs (4.53 ±0.68) times,(362.67 ±54.52) RMB yuan,P＜0.01]. Conclusions The application of NPWT to the postoperative period of skin grafting can promote the survival of the skin grafts,shorten the duration of hospitalization and reduce antibiotics use and dressing frequency.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in tumor tissue on analgesic efficacy of morphine and buprenorphine in advanced cancer patients with pain. Methods One hundred and fifty advanced cancer patients with pain aged 51-64 yr weighing 54-65 kg were included in this study. The expression of P-gp was negative in the tumor tissue in 50 patients (group M1 and B1, n = 25 each) and positive in 100 patients (group M2 ,M3 ,and B2 ,B3, n =25 each). The PCA regimen for the 6 groups were listed in the table .Pain was assessed with VAS scores (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain) and venous blood samples were taken for determination of blood morphine/buprenorphine concentrations at 4, 12, 24 and 48 h of PCIA. Results The six groups were comparable with respect to age, body weight, M/F sex ratio, types of cancer, baseline pain level and education. The analgesic efficacy of morphine and buprenorphine was better ( VAS scores were significantly lower)in P-gp expression negative patients (group M1 and B1 ) than in P-gp expression positive patients (group M2 and B2 ). Higher doses of morphine and buprenorphine provided better analgesic efficacy in P-gp expression positive patients in group M3 and B3 than in group M2 and B2. Plasma morphine and buprenorphine concentrations were comparable between group M1 , B1 and M2, B2 and were significantly higher in group M3 and B3 at each time point. Conclusion Positive P-gp expression in the tumor tissue can decrease the analgesic efficacy of morphine and buprenorphine in advanced cancer patients with pain.