Tonsillectomy and(or) adenoidectomy are effective procedures for children with chronic tonsillitis, diseases associated with the tonsil and other adenotonsillar diseases, and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Since the tonsil and adenoid gland play a dual role in fluid and cell immunity, whether adenotonsillectomy results in the abnormal immune function in children after the surgery has always been the focus of attention. This review focuses on the alterations and impacts on immunity in children after tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. Recent studies confirmed that in short term the immune index may be slightly reduced after the tonsil and adenoid resection in children, however, the decline has no clinical significance because the remaining mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue can compensate for removal of the tonsils and adenoids. Over time, the immune index tends to be normal. The children's postoperative short-term decline in the immune index will gradually recover to the preoperative level or there is no significant difference compared with that in normal children. Therefore, long-term immune function did not decline after tonsil and adenoid resection in children.
Adenoidectomy ; Adenoids ; surgery ; Child ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Palatine Tonsil ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Tonsillectomy ; Tonsillitis ; surgery

Dengue (DEN) virus is a member of the family flaviviridae which consists of a group of enveloped viruses with a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome. DEN virus infection is initiated by the binding of envelope protein E to cellular receptor,followed by replication in cytoplasm which associated with a range of induced membrane structures. Further characterization of the DEN replication complex (RC) showed the involvement of NS1, NS2A, NS3, NS4A, and NS5 proteins as the viral replicase. The DEN virion maturation is associated with the cleavage of precursor of protein C by NS2B/NS3 protease and the glucosylase-mediated N-linked oligosaccharide trimming of prM, E protein. This review summarizes recent advance in research on DEN virus life cycle, emphasizing cellular receptor, RNA replication and virion assembly.

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of anal cushion suspensory and external hemorrhoid airfoil-shaped suture in treatment of ring-ship mixed hemorrhoid,improve the level of the surgical treatment of ring-ship mixed hemorrhoid.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with ring-ship mixed hemorrhoid were divided into treatment group (60 cases treated by anal cushion suspensory and external hemorrhoid airfoil-shaped suture) and control group (60 cases treated by Milligan-Morgan operation) according to the operation method.The postoperative pain,hospitalization time,wound healing time,postoperative complications,etc were observed and compared.Results The cure rate was 100.0％ (60/60) in treatment group and 70.0％ (42/60) in control group,and there was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The hospitalization time,wound healing time was (8.58 ± 0.89),(14.00 ± 0.72) d in treatment group,(10.20 ± 0.30),(19.00 ± 0.21) d in control group,and there was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications and the degree of postoperative pain in treatment group was lower than that in control group,and there was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Anal cushion suspensory and external hemorrhoid airfoil-shaped suture in treatment of ring-ship mixed hemorrhoid has advantage of shorter wound healing time,less postoperative pain,less postoperative complications.

Objective One of the major obstacle to the successful treatment of cancer in clinic is the drug-resistance phenotype.In this study,the effect of realgar(REA) on the induction of apoptosis and the reversal of drug resistance were investigated. Methods Human breast cancer line MCF-7 and its adriamycin(ADM) resistant counterpart MCF-7/ADM cells were used in this study.15mg/L REA and 25mg/L REA were selected as non-cytotoxic dose and low-cytotoxic to MCF-7/ADM cells respectively by MTT assay.Then,they were adopted to affect the growth of MCF-7/ADM cells. MTT assay was used to analyze the effect of REA on drug sensitivity to ADM.The cells apoptosis was detected by transmission electron microscope and flow cytornetry.The expressions of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 were detected by flow cytometry.Finally,the intracellular accumulation of ADM in MCF-7/ADM cells was detected by fluorescent-spectrophotometry. Results REA reversed the drug-resistance of ADM in MCF-7/ADM cells with dose-dependent relationship.When 15mg/L REA or 25mg/L REA was added into the culture,the 50% inhibitory concentration(IC_(50)) of ADM in MCF-7/ADM cells was reduced from 30.4mg/L to 13.2mg/L and 10.8mg/L(P

Objective To compare the operation effects of sensation restoration after tumor resection in the head and neck defects reconstruction by anterolateral thigh flap with or without sensory nerve transplantation.Methods The application of 76 cases anterolateral thigh flaps in head and neck defects reconstruction after tumor resection from May,2011 to May,2015 were observed.35 patients underwent simultaneous reconstruction with sensory nerve anastomosed perforator based anterolateral thigh flap and 41 patients underwent simultaneous reconstruction without sensory nerve graft based anterolateral thigh flap,which was named as group A and group B,respective ly.The treatment effectiveness of the two groups was compared and graded into First,Second and Third rate.Results All the 76 flaps survived.Satisfying morphology for the maxillofacial region and stage-one healing for the donor site was available.During the 24-week follow-up,group A were 65.71％ (First rate),28.57％ (Second rate),5.72％(Third rate) respectively,and the condition of group B were 31.70％,26.84％,41.46％.The treatment effectiveness of group A was better than that of group B.Postoperative complications were less than group B(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with the loss of nerve transplantation of anterolateral thigh perforator flap,sensory nerve anastomosed perforator based anterolateral thigh flap is of great value to reconstruct the defect after resection of tumor in head and neck region and restore the sensation of flap.

Objective In many types of epithelial tumors,down-regulation or mutation of the epithelial cell-adherent molecule E-cadherin is associated with an increased invasiveness that can be prevented by the forced expression of the cell-adherent molecule.This suggests that E-cadherin is a latestage tumor suppressor that prevents invasion and metastasis.This study was to investigate cell invasion and migration status of human ovary serous cystadeno carcinoma HO-8910 cell line when the E-cadherin expression was down-regulated with RNA interference(RNAi) technology. Methods E-cadherin siRNA was transfected into HO-8910 cells to inhibit the expression of E-cadherin.The effect of RNAi was detected by immunofluoresence assay and Western blotting.The invasive ability of the cancer cells was determined by Transwell assay. Results After RNAi,the expressions of E-cadherin were significantly decreased from 63.7% to 11.9%(P

Objective To study the reversal effect of adriamycin (ADM) resistance in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7/ADM by realgar (REA) combined with ?-elemene (?-ELE), two types of anticancer drugs. Methods The sensitivity to ADM of MCF-7/ADM cells was studied by MTT assay.The intracellular accumulation of ADM in MCF-7/ADM cells was observed by fluorescent-spectrophotometry. Expressions of P-GP protein and Bcl-2 protein were detected by flow cytometry. Results The combined treatment of REA and ?-ELE could significantly enhance the cytotoxic effect of ADM on MCF-7/ADM cells to 4.2 fold as compared with the treatment of REA or ?-ELE respectively (P

Objective To investigate the approach of diagnosis and therapy of particular tracheal bronchus foreign body.Methods The clinical materials of 26 cases cured in our department were analyzed retrospectively.Results All foreign bodies of cases were taken out successfully.Among them,the foreign bodies of 18 cases were removed from glottis;the foreign bodies of 4 cases were pulled out via laryngoscope;the foreign bodies of 3 cases were drawn away through tracheotomy by endoscopy and 1 case was moved out by bronchofibroscopy.Only 1 case had lung edema and then was cured by proper treatment.Conclusion Considering that the particular foreign bodies in tracheal bronchus are complicated sometimes,the diagnosis and therapy should be treated appropriately according to different situation.Furthermore,properly choosing surgical appliances and the approaches of anaesthesia and surgery is also critical.

Objective To investigate the effects of intrathecal (IT) gabapentin on the analgesic efficacy of morphine in a rat model of incisional pain. Methods Forty-eight male SD rats in which IT catheters were successly inserted according to the method described by Yaksh were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n = 8 each): Ⅰ sham operation group, Ⅱ incisional pain group, Ⅲ GBP 50 μg group, Ⅳ morphine 2.5 μg group, Ⅴ morphine 5 μg group, and Ⅵ morphine 2.5 μg + gabapentin 50 μg group. In group Ⅰ , IT artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF)10 μl was injected and then 1.4% isoflurane was inhaled for 5 min. IT ACSF 10 μl, gabapentin 50μg and morphine 2.5 and 5 μg were injected 30 min before the establishement of the model in group Ⅱ -Ⅴ respectively. Paw withdrawl threshold (PWT) to mechanical stimulation and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a thermal nociceptive stimulus were measured at 2 h after the establishement of the model. Results Compared with group Ⅰ , MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was significantly shortened in group Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ ( P ＜ 0.05), but no significant change in MWT and TWL was found in group Ⅴ and Ⅵ (P＞0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ , MWT was significantly increased and TWL was significantly prolonged in group Ⅴ and Ⅵ (P ＜ 0.05), but no significant change in MWT and TWL was found in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ/ ( P ＞ 0.05). MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was significantly shortened in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ compared with group Ⅵ ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion IT gabapentin enhances the analgesic efficacy of morphine in a rat model of incisional pain.

Epicatechin content in Uncaria macrophylla Wall. was determined by RP-HPLC. As aresult, the epicatechin contents were 0.38％ in the hook and stem, and 0. 820％ in the leaf. Thus it seemedto be more worthwhile to produce epicatechin from the leaf rather than from the hook and stem.