OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bromhexine for acute bronchitis. METHODS: Cochrane Library , PubMed, Embase, ISI, CBMdisc, CNKI, VIP and WanFang database were retrieved. Systematic review, meta-analysis or randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing bromhexine with placebo, ambroxol, tanreqing and N-acetylcysteine for acute bronchitis were included. Quality assessment and Meta-analysis were performed for RCT that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In addition, the conclusions of the systematic review and Meta-analysis in this aspect were referred. RESULTS: Ten RCTs met the inclusion criteria, all in Chinese. No systematic review or Meta-analysis was retrieved. Five RCTs of bromhexine versus placebo were included. There was no significant difference in clinical overall efficacy [RR=1.22, 95% CI (0.88,1.69), P=0.24]. The pulmonary rale vanishing time and cough vanishing time of bromhexine were obviously shorter than that of placebo with significant difference [MD=-2.32, 95% CI (-3.34, -1.29), P < 0.00001; MD=-2.85, 95%CI(-3.12, -2.59), P < 0.00001]. Significant difference was demonstrated in adverse reaction incidence [RR=17.00, 95% CI(1.01,286.82), P=0.05]. Three RCT of bromhexine versus ambroxol were included. Outcomes of these studies could not be combined. One RCT of bromhexine versus Tanreqing were included. Meta-analysis could not be performed. One RCT of bromhexine versus N-acetylcysteine were included. Meta-analysis could not be performed. CONCLUSION: Based on current evidence, the effectiveness of bromhexine in decurtating course of pulmonary rale and cough are superior to placebo. Clinical overall efficacy is similar between bromhexine and placebo. High risk of adverse reaction incidence still exists with bromhexine. Ambroxol, Tanreqing and N-acetylcysteine exhibit better effectiveness than bromhexine, but more studies are needed to testify the results from the small quantity of studies. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Objective To investigate the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with mild hypothermia on the pharmacodynamics of rocuronium in infants undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods Fifty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ and NYHA class Ⅰ or Ⅱ infants,aged 6 months-3 yr,weighing6-15 kg,undergoing repair ofventricular septal defect or atrial septal defect under CPB,were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n =25 each):profound hypothermia group and mild hypothermia group.The target temperature was controlled at 28-30 ℃ during CPB in profound hypothermia group,and at 32-34 ℃ during CPB in mild hypothermia group.Neuromuscular block was assessed by TOF-stimulation of ulnar nerve using with TOF-Watch accelerometer.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam O.1 mg/kg,propofol 2 mg/kg,fentanyl 6-8 μg/kg and rocuronium 600 μg/kg,and maintained with intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and midazolam.The patients was tracheal intubated and mechanically venti1ated when the maximal depression of T1 was achieved.PETCO2 was maintained at 30-40 mm Hg.When T1 returned to 75％ of the control twitch,rocuronium 200 μg/kg was injected intravenously.The onset time,maximal N-M block time,clinical muscle relaxation time,and recovery index were recorded before CPB,during CPB and after CPB.Results Compared with profound hypothermia group,the onset time,maximal N-M block time and clinical muscle relaxation time were significantly shortened during CBP in mild hypothermia group ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with profound hypothermic CBP,mild hypothermic CBP can shorten the onset time and muscle relaxation time of rocuronium in infants undergoing cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Angong Niuhuang Pill (ANP) on Thl/Th2 in cerebral infarction patients and to explore the mechanism of phlegm-heat obstructing orifices.

METHODSRe- cruited were 30 cerebral infarction patients of phlegm-heat obstructing orifices syndrome (PHOOS) both in China and Indonesia. They were assigned to 4 groups according to the use of ANP, the Chinese treatment group, the Indonesia treatment group, the Chinese control group, and the Indonesia control group. Patients in the two control groups received conventional treatment, while those in the two treatment group additionally took ANP for 30 successive days. Their adverse reactions were observe, and levels of INF-γ and IL-4 were detected.

RESULTSThe INF-γ level and the INF-γ/IL-4 ratio significantly decreased, and the IL-4 level increased after treatment in the four groups with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group after treatment in the same country, the INF-γ level and the INF-γ/IL-4 ratio were lower, and the IL-4 level was higher in the two treatment groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the two Chinese groups, the INF-γ level and the INF-γ/IL-4 ratio were higher, and the IL-4 level was lower in the two Indonesian groups (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the post-treatment indices between the two treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONSANP had moderating effect on Th1/Th2 in cerebral infarction pa- tients. Cerebral infarction patients of PHOOS might exist certain relation with Th1/Th2.

Cerebral Infarction ; drug therapy ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Bloodletting ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Crying ; Female ; Humans ; Laughter ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; psychology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To compare the immediate effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy with that of joint mobilization plus short wave therapy in treating scapulohumeral periarthritis, and to elucidate the mechanism of extracorporeal shock wave therapy and how it should be used. Methods Forty-seven patients diagnosed with scapulohumeral periarthritis were selected and randomized into two groups, a treatment group (n = 26) treated with extracorporeal shock wave therapy, and a control group ( n = 21 ) treated with joint mobilization plus short wave therapy. The short form of the McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and range of motion (ROM) measurements were used to evaluate shoulder function. Results Compared with baseline, both groups improved significantly af-ter treatment, but the immediate effect in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group. Concln-sions As a safe, time-saving and effective therapy, extracorpnreal shock waves could be used to treat scapulo-humeral periarthritis.

Objective To study the clinical effect of microsurgical treatment of craniopharyngioma by modified pterional approach.Methods Forty-one patients were carried out a retrospective case study with craniopharyngioma who underwent microsurgieal treatment via modified pterional approach at our department.Preoperative preparation mainly included hormone replacement therapy and prevention of epilepsy.The modified pterional approach was adopted.The patients' clinical indications were monitored postoperatively such as consciousness, blood pressure, in and out quantity of water, urine specific gravity, electrolytes, CT and MRI, and prompt prevention and treatment of the complications including diabetes insipidus and disorder of electrolytes were carried out after the surgery.Meanwhile, measures were taken to prevent postoperative epilepsy and low level of hormone.Results Thrrty-three patients had total craniopharyngioma resection, 5 had subtotal craniopharyngioma resection and 3 had partial craniopharyngioma resection, and all of them survived from the surgery.2 to 19 months postoperative follow-up showed that 32 patients could normally live,study and work, while 9 patients had to be assisted for normal lives.There was a recurrence of the tumor in 3 patients out of 8 patients that had subtotal and partial craniopharyngioma resection within 12 months postoperatively.Conclusion Adopting modified pterional approach plus efficient and effective perioperative management can reduce the damage rate of hypothalamus and improve the total resection rate of the craniopharyngioma, and achieve good results of the treatment.

Objective To obtain the specific human scFv basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)using phage antibody library technology. Methods The library was panned with human recombinant bFGF for 4 rounds. The antigen binding activities of random clones were tested by ELISA in order to select specific antibodies, which were then examined by DNA sequence analysis. Results The positive clone selected from the 104 random clones was able to bind bFGF specifically, while not able to bind other growth factors,such as aFGF, VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor). By competition ELISA assay we found one clone 44 could inhibit bFGF binding to FGFR1. Conclusion Seven specific human phage antibody against bFGF was obtained by phage display technique, one clone could inhibit bFGF binding to its high affinity receptor FGFR1.

0.05).However,neither CpG-ODN nor hTNF-? failed in improving the expression rates of CD1a.Conclusions CpG-ODN,like hTNF-?,has remarkable im- munostimulatory effect on the differentiation and maturation of monocyte-derived DC from patients with chronic hepatitis B.

OBJECTIVETo explore incidence rate, influencing factors, leakage routes,and preventative measures of bone cement leakages in vertebral internal reinforcement operation including percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to January 2012,94 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture,vertebral metastases and vertebral hemangioma were treated by vertebral internal reinforcement operation. Among them, there were 39 males and 55 females aged 55 to 86 with an average of 69.4 years old. The reasons, types, incidence and complications of bone cement leakage were analyzed.

RESULTSTotally 21 patients (26 vertebral) occurred bone cement leakage, the main routes included basivertebral veins, and bone cortex, which mainly located on adjacent intervertebrae and around vertebral body, and most of them were asymptomatic leakage. For the treatment of OVCFs, incidence of bone cement leakage in PKP was lower than that of PVP (P < 0.05), while incidince of PVP in treating vertebral metastases was worse than in treating OVCFs (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBone cement leakage is a common complication in PVP and PKP. Careful analysis before operation, cautiously monitors and grasp operation indication in operation can decrease incidence of it.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Bone Cements ; adverse effects ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; surgery ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kyphoplasty ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Vertebroplasty ; adverse effects

AIM:To explore the effects of transforming growth factor-α( TGF-α) in the monoclonal formation , proliferation, migration and adhesiveness of human endothelial progenitor cells ( EPCs).METHODS: The isolated and cultured EPCs were treated with various concentrations of TGF-α(final concentrations of 1, 5, 10μg/L, respectively).At the same time, the PBS control and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) group (10μg/L TGF-αplus 1∶1 000 EGFR-TKI) were set.The effects of TGF-αon monoclonal formation , proliferation, migration and adhesiveness of EPCs were determined by clone formation experiment , thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), EdU, Transwell and adhesion assays , respectively.The expression of epithelial growth receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) were measured by Western blotting .RESULTS:Different concentrations of TGF-αall significantly induced the monoclonal formation , proliferation, migration and adhesiveness of EPCs (P<0.01), which were inhibited by EGFR-TKI.The results of Western blotting showed that TGF-αalso induced the expression of EGFR and VEGF with a cer-tain concentration effect ( P<0.01) .CONCLUSION:By combining with EGFR induced the expression of VEGF , TGF-αsignificantly promotes the related cell function of monoclonal formation , proliferation, migration, adhesiveness in EPCs.