The objective of the study was to prepare and evaluate the quality of curcumin-piperinedual drug loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(Cur-PIP-SMEDDS). Simplex lattice design was constructed using optimal oil phase, surfactant and co-surfactant concentration as independent variables, and the curcumin and piperine were used as model drugs to optimize Cur-PIP-SMEDDS formulation. In the present study, the drug loadings of curcumin and piperine, mean particle size of Cur-PIP-SMEDDS were made as indicators, and the experiment design, model building and response surface analysis were established using Design Expert 8. 06 software to optimize and verify the composition of SMEDDS formulation. The quality of Cur-PIP-SMEDDS was evaluated by observing the appearance status, transmission electron microscope micrographs and determining particle diameter, electric potential, drug entrapment efficiency and drug loading of it. As a result, the optimal formulation of SMEDDS was CapryoL 90-Cremophor RH40-TranscutoL HP (10:60:30). The appearance of Cur-PIP-SMEDDS remained clarified and transparent, and the microemulsion droplets appeared spherical without aggregation with uniform particle size distribution. The mean size of microemulsion droplet formed from Cur-PIP-SMEDDS was 15.33 nm, the drug loading of SMEDDS for Cur and PIP were 40.90 mg · g(-1) and 0.97 mg · g(-1), respectively, the drug entrapment efficiency were 94.98% and 90.96%, respectively. The results show that Cur-PIP-SMEDDS can increase the solubility and stability of curcumin significantly, in the expectation of enhancing the bioavailability of it. Taken together, these findings can provide the reference to a preferable choice of the Cur formulation and contribute to therapeutic application in clinical research.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Benzodioxoles ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Curcumin ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Methylmethacrylates ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Piperidines ; chemistry ; Polystyrenes ; chemistry ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; chemistry

Objective To explore the etiology,clinical manifestations of infantal viral pneumonia in Luzhou area.Methods Five viral specific serum IgM antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in acute period of viral pneumonia.Five kinds of virus were separated,as respiratory syncytial virue(RSV),influenza virus(IFV),adenovirus(ADV),cytonegalo virus(CMV),and parainfluenza virus(PIV).Serum specific IgM was positive,C-reactive protein(CRP) was less than 8 mg/L,and there was no(clini-)cal and laboratory proof of other pathogenic infection detected in 221 infants with pneumonia.Results 1.One hundred and four cases of viral infection were detected from 221 infants with pneumonia.The viral positive detected rate was 47.1%,and there were 75 cases of single viral infection(72.1%) and 29 cases of mixed viral infection(27.9%) among them.2.In the single viral infection,RSV was the first,IFV,ADV,PIV and CMV being the second,the third,the fourth,and the fifth respectively.3.The types of likely infection virus were different in different age-stage and seasons in infants.Conclusions The etiology of infantal pneumonia is complicated.The types of viral infection are various besides germ infection and the epidemic season peak;clinical manifestations are different.Earlier detection of(etiology) in infection will make clear the etiology and then take appropriate treatment measures to improve curative effect.

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical effect of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) combined with discontinuous windowing technique for repairing large area exposed wounds of Achilles tendon.

METHODSFrom July 2009 to May 2014, 11 patients with large exposed wounds of Achilles tendon were treated, including 5 males and 6 females with an average age of 43 years old (aged from 7 to 65 years old). Among them, 4 cases were skin necrosis caused by heavy objects abrasion and contusion; 3 cases were caused by distal tibiofibula fractures; 3 cases were caused by bicycle-spoke injuries; 1 case was caused by diabetes. Areas of exposed Achilles tendon were from 6 cmx3 cm to 14 cmx5 cm without tendon rupture or bone exposed. After debridement, discontinuous fenestration on Achilles tendon was made by knife blade parallel with longitudinal axis of Achilles tendon, combined with Vacuum Sealing Drainage (VSD) treatment.

RESULTSAfter drainage treatment with one VSD cycle (5 to 7 days), abundant fresh granulation tissues were growing on all wounds and survived well after the second phase dermatoplasty. All patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months, the color of skin flap was good, the texture was soft without burst. At 3 to 4 months after operation, subcutaneous fat was appeared under the flap, the skin was sliding, movement of ankle joints was good. No delayed Achilles tendon rupture were occurred.

CONCLUSIONVacuum sealing drainage (VSD) combined with discontinuous fenestration is a simple, safe and effective method for repairing large area exposed wounds of Achilles tendon,which could minimize the secondary damage caused by wounds of skin flap grafting.

Achilles Tendon ; injuries ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Drainage ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vacuum

OBJECTIVETo investigate the age, gender and region specified milk consumption and its changing trends of Chinese 18 - 44 years old adults in 9 provinces (autonomous region) from 1991 to 2006.

METHODSThe data of 18 - 44 aged old adults investigated in Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2006 in 9 provinces (autonomous region) were utilized. The numbers of the subjects selected in 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004 and 2006 were 5593, 5491, 5334, 4188 and 3908, respectively. Changes of the percentage of milk consumption, average intake of daily milk and dietary calcium intake were analyzed across different groups of gender, income levels, and areas.

RESULTSThere was an increasing trend in the percentage of milk consumption and daily intake of milk from 1991 to 2006. The average percentage of Chinese adult milk consumption went up from 2.2% (123/5593) in 1991 to 7.6% (297/3908) in 2006 (Z = -22.16, P < 0.01). Specifically, urban adult and rural adult showed significant increase in the percentages from 9.7% (80/823) to 23.7% (112/472) (Z = -12.81, P < 0.01) and 0.1% (2/2937) to 1.8% (36/1987) (Z = -9.21, P < 0.01) respectively. Percentages of adult who ever drank milk at top income level and bottom income level increased from 4.7% (95/2006) to 14.6% (200/1373) (Z = -17.36, P < 0.01) and from 0.1% (2/1748) to 2.4% (28/1171) (Z = -9.58, P < 0.01), respectively. Meanwhile, the average daily intake of milk increased from (3.6 ± 24.6) g/d in 1991 to (11.8 ± 51.4) g/d in 2006 (F = 67.07, P < 0.01). The daily milk consumption among top income level adults and bottom income level adults increased from (8.5 ± 50.9) g/d to (23.1 ± 71.5) g/d and from (0.2 ± 6.5) g/d to (3.3 ± 23.5) g/d (F = 13.90, P < 0.01), respectively. From 1991 to 2006, milk consumers significantly promoted their percentage of achieving the Chinese dietary reference intake on calcium (800 mg/d) from 6.5% (8/123) to 12.8% (38/297) (Z = -1.67, P < 0.05), whereas this percentage increased from 1.6% (38/5470) to 3.6% (130/3611) among milk non-consumers (Z = -5.66, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONChinese adult milk intake still remains in quite low level, and the situation of milk consumption among rural adults requires further promotion.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Calcium, Dietary ; analysis ; China ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Milk ; Nutrition Surveys ; Rural Population ; Suburban Population ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo examine and characterize the dietary patterns of Chinese adults in nine provinces.

METHODSThe subjects were selected from the 'China Health and Nutrition Survey' within age group of 18 - 70 years old in 2009. 24-hour dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days was used to collect information on food intake.

RESULTSMajor dietary patterns of Chinese adults in nine provinces were labeled "rice/pork" in both men and women while "fruit/egg", "beef, mutton/poultry"and "ethnic food/legumes" in men and "fruit/milk", "tubers/grains" in women. Urban or rural life style and related characteristics of the population showed an influence on the dietary pattern (men: β = -0.153 24, -0.153 24, 0.376 62, 0.148 10, P < 0.01; women: β = -0.139 43, 0.222 00, -0.308 36, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe dietary patterns of Chinese adults varied by sex and "Rice/Pork" had been the typical dietary pattern among the Chinese adults.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate interaction effect of hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia on the patients with abnormal alanine aminotransferase(ALT). Methods From March to November 2018, 5 223 cases with complete and suitable data were enrolled in the physical medical examination in Yichang, Hubei Province of China. The metabolic characteristics of the two groups (508 ALT anomaly cases and 513 normal cases) were compared and analysed, Logistic regression model was used to study the independent effects of risk factors, and the interaction between risk factors was analyzed by additive model and multiplicative model. Results Levels of uric acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, aspartate aminotransferase were significantly higher than that of the control group(all P<0.05). After adjusting some confounding factors, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that risk of abnormal ALT was 5.62 times higher in subjects with hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia than in subjects without them(95% CI:1.65-19.73, P=0.004). Interaction analysis of risk factors for abnormal ALT showed that there was no multiplicative interaction between hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia, but with additive interaction, the synergy index was 3.02, the relative excess risk due to interaction was 3.09, the attributable proportion due to interaction was 54.98% and pure factor attribution interaction was 66.87%. Conclusions There are several abnormal metabolic indices in individuals with abnormal ALT. The positive interaction between hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia are among the important risk factors for abnormal ALT patients. They can significantly increase the risk of illness.

Objective:To explore the model of first aid skills training based on competition.Method:The second-year residents who participated in the competition in 2021 ( n = 142) were selected. According to whether they attended BLS training in the first year, they were divided into group A ( n = 88) who attended BLS training and group B ( n = 54) who did not. Chi-square test, T test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Logistic regression were used in our study. Results:There was no significant difference in gender and specialty between both groups (female, 62.5% vs. 68.5%, P= 0.466; TCM, 50% vs. 53.7%, P= 0.668), but the real resuscitation experience of group A was more than that of group B (40.9% vs. 9.3%, P= 0.000). The qualified rate of CPR and the compression score in group A was higher than that in group B [(81.8% vs. 61.1%, P = 0.006; (30±5) vs. (25 ±10), P= 0.001], including compression frequency, depth, rebound and compression/respiration rate (73.9% vs. 55.6%, P= 0.024; 88.6% vs. 70.4%, P= 0.006; 96.6% vs. 87%, P= 0.031). In the theoretical examination, the correct rates of electrocardiogram [(53.63±2.9)% vs. (50.44±2.57)%] and first aid medication [(57.38±3.55)%, P = 0.001] in the two groups were significantly lower than the qualified rate. After adjusting other factors, Logistic regression analysis showed that the CPR qualification rate in group A was 2.769 times higher than that in group B ( P= 0.015, 95% CI 1.215~6.311) Conclusions:The first aid skills training mode based on competition can objectively reflect first aid skills level of residents. We found that the quality of CPR skills was not related to gender, specialty and real CPR experiences but experience of BLS training was an independent influencing factor. And how to identify and manage arrhythmias and how to choose different emergency drugs are urgent emergency skills for residents to improve.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of plant growth regulators on the growth and quality of Angelica dahurica var. formosana.

METHODFive plant growth regulators: chlormequat chloride (CCC), Mepiquat chloride (PIX), Gibberellic acid (GA3), Paclobutrazol (PP333) and Maleic Hydrazide (MH) were sprayed in rosette stage, the effects of these plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the growth, yield and quality of A. dahurica var. formosanaw were observed. The biological traits were first measured and then imperatorin and isoimperatorin contents in roots were determined by HPLC.

RESULTLow concentration GA3 increased the yield while not influenced the premature bolting rate and the coumarin content.

CONCLUSIONSpraying of GA3 (30 mg x L(-1)) could guarantee the growth and development of A. dahurica var. formosana to have a higher yield and maintain the active ingredients content in the root as well.

Angelica ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Chlormequat ; pharmacology ; Gibberellins ; pharmacology ; Maleic Hydrazide ; pharmacology ; Piperidines ; pharmacology ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Triazoles ; pharmacology

Adult ; Chorea ; etiology ; Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Endarterectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Embolism ; surgery

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the CCCG-97 and BFM-90 protocols in the treatment of pediatric patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) retrospectively, and to explore the optimal therapeutic strategy.

METHODSForty-five consecutive untreated patients (age of 18 years or less) with newly diagnosed B-NHL (including Burkitt Lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma), treated in our hospital between July 1999 and December 2008 were enrolled in this study. The patients were classified into 2 groups by different protocols. From July 1999 to December 2004, twenty-one 3- to 13.8-year-old children were enrolled in the CCCG-97 group, with 1 in stage I/II, and 20 in stage III/IV(St Jude staging). From January 2005 to December 2008, twenty-four 2.8- to 14.1-year-old cases were enrolled in the BFM-90 group, with 3 in stage I/II, and 21 in stage III/IV (St Jude staging). The survival rates were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis.

RESULTSForty of the 45 patients (88.9%) reached complete response (CR) after 2 courses of chemotherapy. In the CCCG-97 group, the CR rate was 95.2% (20/21 pts), while that in the BFM-90 group was 83.3% (20/24 pts). At a median follow-up time of 62 (17 to 131) months, the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 71.8% for all patients, and 69.1% for Stage III/IV, respectively. In the CCCG-97 group, the 3-year EFS was 76.2%. In the BFM-90 group, it was 75.0%. There was no significant difference in survival rates between the CCCG-97 and BFM-90 groups (P=0.975). Unfavorable events recorded were as follows: Death of progression before achieving CR during induction therapy in 4 cases, and relapse after achieving CR in 6 cases. The relapse rates were 19.0% (4/21 pts) in the CCCG-97 group and 8.3% (2/24 pts) in the BFM-90 group, with a non-significant statistical difference (P=0.292). Major toxicities were myelosuppression and mucositis, especially in the BFM-90 group, but were tolerable and manageable. five patients in the BFM-90 group received rituximab, 2 patients (Stage III) achieved CR, while the other 3 patients (Stage IV) had progressive disease or relapse.

CONCLUSIONSShort-pulse and intensive chemotherapy, stratified according to stage of disease, can improve the survival rate of pediatric mature B-NHL. The efficacy of the CCCG-97 protocol and BFM-90 protocol is comparable and the toxicity is tolerable.

Adolescent ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Mucositis ; chemically induced ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Rituximab ; Survival Rate