Objective To study the management of Fournier's gangrene.Methods Data of 9 patients were reviewed retrospectively and were discussed according to the treatment,and outcome.U-shaped stents with poly hole and two-end drainage were used in 4 cases in whom the infection was spread along the penis,into the scrotum,up to the abdominal wall and into the perineum.Results We have treated 9 cases in the last 21 years.The patients received surgical treatment including incisions,aggressive debridement,drainage,irrigation,and antibiotic therapy.Left uncovered,the testes were protected in either a thigh or abdominal wall pouch and back in the scrotum resconstructed later with a myocutaneous medial thigh flap.When U-shaped stents was used,redunant debriding was no more necessary.The temperature and hemogram regain quickly,and the average hospitalization days decreased to 14 days.Conclusions Aggressive debridement and broad-spectrum antibiotics remain the hallmarks of treatment.Orchidectomy was erroneously part of the treatment of Fournier's gangrene.The remarkable draining effect of U-shaped stents could promote tissue healing.

Objective To study the clinical significance of urinary mtcroprotems examination on early diagnosis of kidney damage of children with obesity. Method Urinary microproteins were tested in 40 obese children by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay and 50 healthy children as controls. Results Urinary microprotem examination were abnormal in 8 obese children. Albumin in 5 cases increased, and transferrin(TRF) with retinol-binding protein in 1 case increased meanwhile. TRF in 3 cases increased. One case was abnormal by kidney biopsy.Conclusion Urinary microprotem examination was the sensitive index in early diagnosis of obesity-related glomerulopathy in children.

Objective To develop an assay method for quantitative analysis of cocaine in rat's serum by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Method Serum samples (30?l) were extracted with 2% isoamyl alcohol and hexane. The organic phase was extracted with 0.1 mol/L HC1. The quantitative analysis was achieved by using a 5?m reversed-phase Kromasil CIS column with mobile phase of 0.04mol/ L phosphate buffer solution (containing 0.26 mmol/L tetrabutylammonium chloride , pH3.2) - acetonitrile (83:17). The wave length of the ultraviolet detection was performed at 235nm. Results The lowest limit of the detection limit was 25ng/ml. The recovery of the cocaine was 71 %. Conclusion The method is sensitive, simple and easy to perform.

The mature seeds and excised embryos of Dalbergia odorifera were used as materials to study the effect of moisture content on their survival, as well as the effect of rapid freezing and vitrification freezing method on seeds and in vitro embryos cryopreservation. The results showed that the germination rate and vigor decreased from 82.67%, 85% to 18.35%, 25% respectively, when the seed moisture content decreased from 15.04% to 8.14%; and the germination rate decreased from 82.67% to 37.50%, 25.37% respectively by vitrification freezing method and rapid freezing method, when the seed moisture content decreased from 15.04% to 9.37%. Among all the moisture content gradient, 12.35% moisture reached the maximal germination rate, which were 63.58% and 50.45% respectively by vitrification freezing and rapid freezing; and when the embryo moisture content was 26.32%, the germination rate decreased from 95.67% to 58.31% and 33.82% respectively by vitrification freezing and rapid freezing. And when the moisture content was in the range of 14.17% -21.34%, the germination rate was a bit of decrease. The experiment results showed that the optimum conditions of seed cryopreservation were: moisture content 12.35%, vitrification freezing; and the optimum conditions of in vitro embryo cryopreservation were: moisture 15.04%, vitrification freezing. In conclusion, the effects of moisture content on germination rate after cryopreservation in D. odorifera seeds and embryo were significant, and vitrification freezing method is much better than rapid freezing method.
Cryopreservation ; methods ; Dalbergia ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Germination ; Seeds ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Water ; analysis

The study is to design chitosan-coated pilocarpine nitrate submicro emulsion (CS-PN/SE) for the development of a novel mucoadhesive submicro emulsion, aiming to prolong the precorneal retention time and improve the ocular absorption. CS-PN/SE was fabricated in two steps: firstly, pilocarpine nitrate submicro emulsion (PN/SE) was prepared by high-speed shear with medium chain triglycerides (MCT) as oil phase and Tween 80 as the main emulsifier, and then incubated with chitosan (CS) acetic solution. The preparation process was optimized by central composite design-response surface methodology. Besides the particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and micromorphology were investigated, CS-PN/SE's precorneal residence properties and miotic effect were especially studied using New Zealand rabbits as the animal model. When CS-PN/SE was administered topically to rabbit eyes, the ocular clearance and the mean resident time (MRT) of pilocarpine nitrate were found to be dramatically improved (P < 0.05) compared with PN/SE and pilocarpine nitrate solution (PNs), since the K(CS-PN/SE) was declined to 0.006 4 +/- 0.000 3 min(-1) while MRT was prolonged up to 155.4 min. Pharmacodynamics results showed that the maximum miosis of CS-PN/SE was as high as 46.3%, while the miotic response lasted 480 min which is 255 min and 105 min longer than that of PNs and PN/SE, respectively. A larger area under the miotic percentage vs time curve (AUC) of CS-PN/SE was exhibited which is 1.6 folds and 1.2 folds as much as that of PNs and PN/SE, respectively (P < 0.05). Therefore, CS-PN/SE could enhance the duration of action and ocular bioavailability by improving the precorneal residence and ocular absorption significantly.

BACKGROUND: Until now, the definite source of respiratory rhythm generation and the ontogenic mechanism are still in controversy. Previous our investigating indicated that respiration would stop due to the gentle press on the hypoglossal root under the surface of ventral medulla of rabbit. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of mechanical lesion in medial re gion of nucleus retrofacialis on respiratory rhythm of a living rabbit model.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: At the Physiology Teaching Room of Kunming Medical College.MATERIALS: This study was carried out at the Physiology Teaching Room of Kunming Medical College from February 2002 to December 2002. Totally 54 healthy rabbits were randomly selected, amongst which 22 rabbits were submitted to the mechanical damage of the medial region of bilateral nucleus retrofacialis by the dorsal processes, and 18 received the same damage by the ventral process, 14 rabbits used for observing the changes of blood pressure andheart rate due to the mechanical damage.METHODS: The ventral and dorsal medullar of rabbits were exposed and the bilateral vagotomy at the cervical level were cut. Discharge of the phrenic nerve was used as the respiratory index. Stainless pipe of 0. 8 mm or 0.4 mm diameter was used to make mechanical damage at the medial region in order to investigate the changes of respiration. Fourteen rabbits were selected and submitted to the bilateral mechanical damage, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were observed at post-traumatic 1 -3 minutes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The changes of respiratory rhythm induced by the mechanical damage of the medial region of bilateral nucleus retrofacialis. ② The number of phrenic nerve discharge and respiratory frequency. ③ The changes of blood pressure and heart rate at post-lesion 1-3minutes.RESULTS: Data of 54 rabbits were analyzed. ① Irreversible disappearance of respiratory rhythm was found in 12 out of 18 rabbits (the positive rate was 67% ) due to the mechanical damage by the ventral processes, comparing to 3 / 14 (14%) by the dorsal process. ② Rhythmic discharge of phrenic nerve became scarce and irregular in all rabbits who has irreversible disappearance of respiratory rhythm, the inspiratory and expiratory discharging phase were significantly prolonged, moreover respiratory rhythm would disappear if expiratory phase was extremely extended, respiration stopped at expiratory phase. ③ When the medial region of bilateral nucleus retrofacialis was partially destroyed, the still existed respiration of 27 rabbits was found immediately inhibited, phrenic nerve discharge frequency obviously decreased [ (43.5 ± 6.4)%, P ＜ 0. 001 ], and its discharge number was significantly decreased [ (42.0 ± 3.7 )%, P ＜ 0. 001 ], moreover the inspiratory and expiratory discharging phase were found obviously extended, with expiratory phase was in particular. ④ From the results of histological examination on the above mechanical lesion. Respiration stop or obvious attenuation was found mostly due to the damage at the medial region of nucleus retrofacialis.⑤ The blood pressure and heart rate changed slightly by 5% -7% at post-traumatic 1 -3 minutes, there was not significantly different from the normal value ( P ＞ 0. 05).CONCLUSION: The medial region of nucleus retrofacialis might be the main source of respiratory rhythm generation, and the related neuron within it would be the important component involving in the generation of respiratory rhythm.

BACKGROUND:Currently, human umbilical cord derived-mesenchymal stem cel s are mainly for local transplantation, which has some shortcomings, such as large trauma, bleeding, complications, that limit its widespread application in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the feasibility of intravenous transplantation of human umbilical cord derived-mesenchymal stem cel s for repair of spinal cord injury. METHODS:Eighty Wistar rats with spinal cord hitting were divided into five groups:blank control group with no transplantation (n=10), DMEM local transplantation group (n=15), DMEM intravenous transplantation group (n=15), cel local transplantation group (n=20), cel intravenous transplantation group (n=20). The functional recovery of spinal cord injury was observed with Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores at regular time as wel as hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During 1 day to 2 weeks after transplantation, there was no significant difference in the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores between the five groups;within 4-12 weeks after transplantation, the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores were significantly higher in the two cel transplantation groups than the other three groups, but there was no difference between these two cel transplantation groups (P>0.05). Histological observation showed that the number of voids and glial scars was less in the cel local transplantation group and cel intravenous transplantation group compared with the other three groups, and there was also no difference between the two cel transplantation groups. These results indicate that the intravenous transplantation of human umbilical cord derived-mesenchymal stem cel s is similar to the local transplantation in the repair of acute spinal cord injury, which is simple and avoids secondary injuries and various complications. It is recommended that this method provide a new approach for cel transplantation.

Objective To analyze the clinical and ultrasonic features of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid(PSCCT)and diagnostic value of ultrasonography (US) in PSCCT in order to improve the cognition of PSCCT.Methods The clinical data and ultrasonic characters of 5 patients with PSCCT confirmed by pathology post surgery were retrospectively reviewed.Results The average age of the 5 patients was 62 years (range from 46 to 79).All of 5 patients with PSCCT were presented with a painless neck mass in clinical palpation examination.Of them,2 patients had different degrees of difficulty in breathing and swallowing,2 patients had hoarseness.Four of 5 patients had died after surgery with average survival time of 9.5 months.On US,the size of lesions was large(a maximum diameter of 2.9-5.5 cm),all of 5 lesions appeared as single solid mixed-echogenicity mass including irregular lamellate marked hypoechoic region,with irregular margin and undefined boundary.Of them,2 lesions presented with lobulated,only 1 lesion exhibited microcalcification and another 4 lesions had no calcification,3 lesions exhibited a? sign of breakthrough thyroid envelope.Color Doppler flow imaging showed few blood flow (3/5) and moderate blood flow (2/5),a higher vascular resistance spectrum was detected in 4 lesions (RI 0.72-0.88).Three patients exhibited suspicious cervical lymph nodes.Conclusions The characteristic ultrasonic appearance combined with the clinical features enables a confident preoperative diagnosis of PSCCT.

At present, the monitoring methods fwor intracranial pressure adopted in clinical practice are almost all invasive. The invasive monitoring methods for intracranial pressure were accurate, but they were harmful to the patient's body. Therefore, non-invasive methods for intracranial pressure monitoring must be developed. Since 1980, many non-invasive methods have been sprung out in succession, but they can not be used clinically. In this paper, research contents and progress of present non-invasive intracranial pressure monitoring are summarized. Advantages and disadvantages of various ways are analyzed. And finally, perspectives of development for intracranial pressure monitoring are presented.
Humans ; Intracranial Pressure ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods

0. 05), and there seemed to have some statistical correlation between the incidence of Eales disease and PPD (P