Objective · To investigate antiemetic effect of aprepitant for moderately chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Methods · From 2014 July to 2015 August, 130 cases of gastrointestinal cancer patients were collected in Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, who received moderate emetogenic risk of chemotherapy for at least four courses. One hundred and nine patients were treated with aprepitant, palonosetron and dexamethasone on day 1, and aprepitant and dexamethasone on day 2 and 3. Twenty-one patients only received aprepitant and dexamethasone on day 1 and dexamethasone on day 2 and 3 in the first course of chemotherapy. During subsequent courses of chemotherapy they received aprepitant and treated in the same way as 109 patients. MASCC antiemetic tool (MAT) was used to evaluate the intensity of nausea. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR, no emesis and use of no rescue antiemetics) during the overall study phase (0-120 h after chemotherapy) at the second course. The secondary endpoint was complete protection (CP, CR plus no significant nausea) during the overall, acute (0-24 h), and delayed (24-120 h) phases at the second course. Results · The CR rates were 90.0%, 94.6% and 90.8% of patients in the overall, acute and delayed phases, respectively. The corresponding CP rates were 83.8%, 87.8% and 84.6 %, respectively. The CR rate increased from 42.9% to 57.1% during acute phase and increased from 9.5% to 90.5% during delayed phase for 21 patients after treatment with aprepitant. The main adverse reactions include constipation, anorexia and hiccups. Conclusion · Aprepitant combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone can effectively prevent moderately chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Aprepitant therapy can effectively maintain antiemetic effect in patients with many chemotherapy courses.

After the development of different medical social media in China was summarized , the advantages and trend of social media in medical field of China were analyzed , the challenges facing medical social media were pointed out and their countermeasures were proposed .

Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum homocysteine (Hcy),Cystatin C (CysC) detection in coronary heart disease prevention,diagnosis and treatment.Methods A total of 200 cases of coronary heart disease patients including 50 cases of acute myocardiac infarction (AMI) (AMI group),85 cases of unstable angina pectoris (UAP)(UAP group.) and 65 cases of stable angina pectoris (SAP) (SAP group) were selected,and 120 cases of healthy controls were selected as control group.The serum levels of Hcy and CysC were detected and compared.Results The serum levels of Hcy and CysC in AMI group,UAP group and SAP group were significandy higher than those in control group[Hcy:(22.35 ± 8.18),(16.54±7.56),(14.52±6.38) μmol/Lvs.(9.35±3.23) μmol/L; CysC:(1.32±0.27),(1.88± 0.66),(1.19 ± 0.46) mg/L vs.(0.80 ± 0.33) mg/L],and there were significant differences between two groups (P＜ 0.01).The serum level of Hcy in AMI group was higher than that in UAP group and SAP group [(22.35 ± 8.18) μ mol/L vs.(16.54 ± 7.56),(14.52 ± 6.38) μ mol/L],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The relationship between Hcy,CysC level and coronary heart disease is close,and Hcy levels increase with increasing degree of coronary heart disease.Detection of Hcy and CysC has some clinical value on prevention,diagnosis,treatment of coronary heart disease.

Objective To investigate the effects ofTianqi-Yizhi granules on oxidative stress in the brain tissue, and learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease model rats.Methods A total of 90 male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups by random number table method: sham operation group, model group, huperzine A group and groups of low-, medium- and high-doseTianqi-Yizhi granules, with 15 rats in each group. The AD rat model was prepared by the left lateral ventricle injection of amyloid-β1-42. One week after modeling, the rats in the groups of low-, medium- and high-doseTianqi-Yizhi granules received intragastric administration of 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 g/kgTianqi-Yizhi granules, respectively; the rats in the huperzine A group received intragastric administration of 0.02 mg/kg huperzine A solution; and the rats in the sham operation and model groups received intragastric administration of equivalent volume of normal saline for 30 days. Learning and memory were evaluated using the dark avoidance test. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malonaldehyde (MDA) level in the brain tissue were determined. ResultsIn comparison with the model group, the latencies to step into the dark chamber in the high- and medium-dose Tianqi-Yizhi granules groups were significantly longer (239.05 ± 48.42 s, 214.35 ± 74.52 svs. 97.39 ± 30.69 s; allP<0.01), the numbers of errors significantly decreased (1.93 ± 3.25, 2.27 ± 3.09vs. 6.62 ± 3.45; allP<0.05), the activities of SOD (177.27 ± 63.10 U/mg, 164.53 ± 72.58 U/mgvs.72.56±21.04 U/mg; all P<0.01) and GSH-Px (2 899.36 ± 362.27 U/g, 2 407.68 ± 472.14 U/gvs. 1 397.64 ± 442.17 U/g; allP<0.01), and MDA level (24.75 ± 9.94 nmol/mg, 27.74 ± 5.82 nmol/mgvs. 37.56 ± 17.23 nmol/mg; allP<0.01) in the brain tissue significantly increased. ConclusionTianqi-Yizhi granules could attenuate oxidative stress in the brain tissue, and improve learning and memory in AD rats.

Objective To investigate the action mechanism of Tianqi Yizhi Granules for Alzheimer disease. Methods Ninety SD rats were divided into sham-operation group, model group, positive medicine group, high, medium and low dosage of Tianqi Yizhi Granules groups. SD rats were injected with aggregated amyloid β1-42 protein (Aβ1-42) into their left ventricle to establish AD models. Treatment groups received gavage with Huperzine A or Tianqi Yizhi Granules. The sham-operation group and model group received gavage with the same volume of normal saline. The mitochondrial membrane potential, activity of complex Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ of mitochondrial respiratory chain, enzymatic activity of Na+-K+ATP, energy charge, and space leaning ability were detected. Results Compared with model group, Tianqi Yizhi Granules could significantly improve mitochondrial membrane potential, activity of complex Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ of mitochondrial respiratory chain, enzymatic activity of Na+-K+ATP, space leaning ability, and energy metabolism of brain in AD rats. Conclusion Tianqi Yizhi Granules showed mitochondrial protective capacity, and could improve energy metabolism of brain in AD rats, and then improve AD rats’ space learning ability.

Aim To investigate the effect of phenyle-thanol glycosides from Cistanche tubulosa(CPhGs) on the proliferation and activation of rrPDGF-BB induced HSC and their target points for resisting hepatic fibro-sis,to elucidate the molecular mechanism in molecular level, and provide basic data for the further develop-ment of new drugs. Methods HSCs were cultivated by CPhGs with different concentrations ( 0 , 3. 91 , 7. 81 , 15. 63 , 31. 25 , 62. 50 , 125. 00 , 250. 00 , and 500 mg ·L-1 ) and IC50 of CPhGs was determined. CPhGs with different concentrations ( 25 , 50 , 75 , 100 mg · L-1 ) were selected, and after the cells were stimulated with rrPDGF-BB, cell proliferation was determined by MTT. ERK1/2 ,α-SMA, c-fos, c-jun and Collagen I mRNA and Erk1/2 ,P-Erk1/2 and CollagenⅠprotein ex-pressions were assayed by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results CPhGs of ( 50 ~100 ) mg · L-1 concentra-tions groups could effectively inhibit rrPDGF-BB-medi-ated proliferation(P<0. 05) and CPhGs of(25~100) mg·L-1 concentrations groups had no significant cyto-toxicity( P >0. 05 ) . CPhGs of ( 25 ~100 ) mg · L-1 concentrations groups could inhibit ERK1/2 ,α-SMA,c-fos, c-jun and CollagenⅠmRNA levels, and also ob-viously inhibited Erk1/2 ,P-Erk1/2 and Collagen Ⅰ pro-tein expression on HSC. Conclusions CPhGs has the protective effect against hepatic fibrosis. The mecha-nism of this process may involve the interference with PDGF/ERK1/2 signaling pathway and inhibiting the activation and proliferation of HSC.

mRNAs of alpha-adrenoceptor (α-AR) subtypes are found in neurons in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and change after peripheral nerve injury. In this study, the distribution of α-AR subtype proteins was studied in L5 DRG of normal rats and rats with chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve (CCI). Using immunofluorescence technique, it was found that α1A-, α1B-, and α2A-AR proteins were expressed in large, medium, and small size neurons in normal DRG, and significantly increased in all size neurons 14 days after CCI. α1D- and α2C-AR was also expressed in all size neurons in normal DRG. However, α1D-AR was significantly increased and α2C-AR was decreased in small size neurons 14 days post CCI. α2B-AR neurons were not detectable in normal and CCI DRG. Co-expression of α1A- and α2A-AR in the same neuron was observed in normal DRG and increased post CCI. Collectively, these results indicated that there is distinct distribution of α-AR subtypes in DRG neurons, and the distribution and levels of expression of α-AR subtypes change differently after CCI. The up-regulation of α-AR subtypes in DRG neurons may play an important role in the process of generating and transmitting neuropathic pain.

To propose an equipment and technology package for oxygen preparation and supply under hypoxia conditions in order to meet the requirements of populations on the plateau .Different populations were analyzed in terms of their oxygen supply requirements, and the modes, schemes and equipment for oxygen supply were explored accordingly and then applied.Efforts in the past 20 years have resulted in the advances in the equipment for centralized, mobile and portable oxygen preparation and supply, though the equipment for individual use hads to be improved and the diffused oxygen supply scheme also needs to be further evaluated .

Objective To explore the value of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)sequence and gradient echo T2 ?weighted image (GRE-T2 ? WI)in diagnosis of acute traumatic extra-axial hemorrhage.Methods 50 patients who were diagnosed as acute traumatic extra-axial hemorrhage by plain CT underwent FLAIR and GRE-T2 ? WI in acute stage.The diagnosis consistency (Kappa ),detection rate of subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH),epidural hemorrhage(EDH)and subdural hemorrhage(SDH)were compared.The detection rates of SAH in 8 locations among FLAIR,GRE-T2 ? WI and combination of two sequences were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results 48 patients were enrolled in the study.The diagnosis consistency of SAH between FLAIR and GRE-T2 ? WI was high (k =1.0).The detection rate of SAH was 100% for both FLAIR and GRE-T2 ? WI.Comparing with GRE-T2 ? WI and combi-nation of two sequences,FLAIR tended to misdiagnose SAH in perimesencephalic cistern (P <0.05).The diagnosis consistency of EDH between FLAIR and GRE-T2 ? WI was high (k =1.0).3 patients with EDH were all detected by FLAIR and GRE-T2 ? WI. The diagnosis consistency of SDH between FLAIR and GRE-T2 ? WI was high (k =0.943).The detection rate of 12 patients with SDH was 100% in FLAIR,and 1 patient with SDH was missed by GRE-T2 ? WI.Conclusion The detection rate of acute traumatic extra-axial hemorrhage is high for both FLAIR and GRE-T2 ? WI.Combination of two sequences can improve the accuracy of acute traumatic extra-axial hemorrhage in clinic.

OBJECTIVE To study the anti-fibrotic effect of Cistanche phenylethanoid glycosides (CPhG) in bovine serum albumin (BSA)-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its possible mechanism METHODS Seventy-five SD rats were randomly divided into six groups:normal control(distilled water-treated),model(BSA-treated),positive drug〔BSA-treated+compound Biejiarangan tablets(BJRG) 0.6 g·kg-1〕,and BSA-treated+CPhG(0.125,0.25 and 0.5 g·kg-1)groups. There were thirteen rats in each BSA-treated+CPhG(0.125,0.25 and 0.5 g·kg-1)group and twelve rats in other groups. Subcutaneous injection and tail vein injection of BSA immunity were used to induce the rat liver fibrosis model. Meanwhile, different therapeutic drugs were ig adminstered to rats. After the experimental period,rats were fasted for 12 h prior to 10%chloral hydrate administration and immediately euthanized. The liver was weighed to calculate the liver index. Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT),glutamic-oxalactic transaminase (GOT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),total protein(TP)and albumin(ALB)were evaluated by the Mind-Ray automatic biochemical analyzer. The density of hydroxyproline (HyP) in liver tissues was determined using a spectrophotometric method according to the kit′s instructions. Histopathological changes and expressions of typeⅠ and typeⅢcollagens in liver tissues were also determined by immunohisto?chemical staining. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group,collagen fibers of liver tissues in the model group extended their links and enveloped the entire lobule,causing lobular structural damage and the formation of pseudolobules. The liver index(P<0.05),GPT,GOT,ALP,TP and ALB serum levels(P<0.05),HyP content(P<0.01)were significantly increased,so was the expression of typeⅠcollagens and typeⅢcollagens(P<0.01)in the model group. Compared with model group,various doses (0.125,0.25 and 0.5 g · kg-1) of CPhG significantly reduced the BSA-induced elevation of the liver index;GPT,GOT,ALP,TP and ALB serum levels(P<0.05),and HyP content decreased(P<0.01);the morphology of the pathological tissue sections was close to that of the normal control group,and CPhG significantly reduced the expression of two types of collagens(P<0.01). CONCLUSION CPhG can significantly reduce the degree of BSA-induced liver fibrosis in rats. The mechanism may be associated with down-regulation of two types of collagens and suppression of the activation of hepatic stellate cells.