Objective To investigate the differential expression of synaptophysin(SYN)in the developing rat cochlea,to analyze the relationship between the expression of SYN and auditory functional development,and to explore the source of the adenosine triphosphate(ATP)in the cochlea.Methods The immunofluorescence was applied to observe the differential expression of SYN in the cochlea of SD rats on different days(p1,p5,p10,p14 and p28)after parturition.Results No significant stain was observed in the Kolliker organ or the Corti's organ of P1,P5 and the top turn of the cochlea in P10.The SYN expression was turned on the outer spiral bundle,the inner spiral bundle,and the medial wall of the Deiters' cell of the cochlea in P14,P28 and the second or the third turn of Corti's organ of P10.All the spiral ganglion neurons(SGN)were stained in different aged cochlea.Conclusion The expression of SYN was different during development of rat cochlea.This difference was in favor of the configuration constructed between nerve endings and target cells.It also played a key role in the formation of correct auditory coding during auditory system development.The hair cells and the supporting cells,possible the source of ATP in the cochlea,contained ATP that maybe existed in a non-vesicular form or specific staining of non-SYN.

Animals ; Hypothermia ; blood ; Hypoxia ; blood ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Myocardial Ischemia ; blood ; Rabbits ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

Air Pollutants ; toxicity ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; adverse effects ; Animals ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Female ; Interior Design and Furnishings ; Male ; Mice ; Mutagenicity Tests

Objective To compile a questionnaire about tobacco control for the nursing students and to provide evidence of research and evaluation for nursing students' knowledge,attitude,belief and practice related with tobacco control.Methods Based on the conceptual framework of predisposing factors,contributing factors and reinforcing factors of action,develop the questionnaire about tobacco control through literature review and expert consultation.The questionnaire includes 8 dimensions and 24 items in all.Those are the recognition of the harm of smoking,attitudes towards tobacco control,knowledge about laws and regulations of tobacco control and harms of cigarettes,future smoking tendency,future participation intention in social tobacco control,perception of information of tobacco control in media and participation of school tobacco control activities.By cluster sampling method,5 210 nursing students in two medical universities in the main district of Chongqing were investigated.Reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested through SPSS 19.0 and Lisrel 8.8 215 students were retested.Results Cronbach's α for the whole questionnaire was 0.720 and for eight dimensions,it ranged from 0.529 to 0.748.Split-half coefficient was 0.806 and for eight dimensions,it ranged from 0.526 to 0.818.Test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.858.Spearman coefficient for each dimension was greater than 0.7.The principal component analysis was used to extract 8 common factors and the accumulative variance contribution rate was 57.209％.The factor loading of all items was 0.43-0.83.NFI,NNFI,CFI and IFI were 0.92,0.91,0.93 and 0.93.The construction of the questionnaire was consistent with the theory.Conclusion The reliability and validity of questionnaire about tobacco control for nursing students were good.It can be used in researches about the nursing students' tobacco control.

Objective To study the severity of systemic inflammatory response to type B epidemic encephalitis and blood tumor necrosis factor complicated with respiratory failure.Methods Fourteen children with type B epidemic encephalitis were divided into two groups;6 cases in group one with respiratory failure were given mechanical ventilation and the other 8 cases had normal respiration.Breat-hing pattern,respiratory rate,GCS scores,daily dosage of sedatives were observed before endotracheal intubation;while heart rate,temperature,WBC,CRP,TNF were measured.Results Patients in respiratory failure group were given a small dosage of Luminal;there was no significant difference in GCS between two groups treated with compound Wintermin.The heart rate,temperature,WBC,CRP,TNF levels in respiratory failure group were significantly higher than those in normal respiratory group.Conclusions The severity of systemic inflammatory response is more severe in epidemic type B encephalitis with respiratory failure than the controls.Significant increase in blood TNF may be an important factors to cause peripheral respiratory failure.

An oxygen-tolerant denitrifying strain designated as H1 was screened by the procedures of shallow shaking and continuous aeration cultures.With the aid of an nnrS-gfp fusion responsive to nitric oxide (NO)and acetylene inhibition-GC procedure,it was shown that strain H1 was able to produce NO and N_2O but not N_2 under denitrifying conditions.Denitrifying processes were thus determined as NO_3~-→NO_2~-→NO→N_2O,with N_2O as the end product.Strain H1 could denitrify under shallow shaking conditions as well as in the initial atmospheric oxygen concentration ranging from 0～21%.Denitrification processed normally under continuous aeration at the rate of 2 L air per min in a 150 mL medium,but stopped under high aeration rate as 5 L air per min.16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain H1 shared 98% similarity to its closet relative Ralstonia taiwanensis,the genus where denitrifying bacteria are frequently found.

Electronic case report forms (eCRFs) instead of the traditional paper case report forms (pCRFs) are increasingly used by investigators and sponsors of clinical research. We include a total of 14 phase III studies (8 pCRF, 6 eCRF) to compare paper and electronic data documentation both quantitatively and qualitatively in clinical studies. The result suggests that adaptions of electronic data capture (EDC) in clinical trials have the advantages in optimization of data capture process, improvement of data quality and earlier clinical decision compared to paper-based methods. Furthermore, the successful implementation of EDC requires accouplements with corresponding data management processes and reallocation of resources.
Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Data Collection ; methods ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; methods ; Medical Informatics

Due to a great amount of data in clinical trials, the data cleansing needs to adopt a variety of measures, including the latest developed visual check approach. According to the different types of clinical data and the different stages in the course of clinical data management, this study reviews 8 types of visual graphics that show the relevance and trend among the data. The series of graphics can rapidly detect abnormal data, monitor clinical research in real-time, make the data management process much easier and improve the clinical trial efficiency and data quality.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; standards ; Data Collection ; standards ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; methods

OBJECTIVEThe multi-center, randomized, double-blind, double-simulated and positive-control trial was used to verify the contribution degree of Bushen Huoxue for the treatment of ovulatory dysfunction caused infertility, which provided scientific basis for clinical treatment.

METHODAccording to diagnostic, inclusion and exclusion criteria, we observed 349 patients which were divided into the treated group (n = 177, treated with Bushen Huoxue ricipe) and control group (n = 172, treated with clomiphene). Ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, clinical effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine, endometrium and diameter of dominant follicle were observed. Serum reproductive endocrine hormones were assayed before and after treatment.

RESULTThe treated group showed ovulation rate of 69.34%, with pregnancy rate of 41.35%. The clinical effective rate of treated group and control group were 91.73% and 80.77%. There was remarkable difference in endometrium (P < 0.05) and remarkbale difference in sex hormones PRL and E₂in treated group at prior-treatment and post-treatment (P < 0.05). No adverse effects were found in the experiment. Security indicators did not show abnormal change.

CONCLUSIONThe comparison between the two groups showed that the treated group was significantly different from control group in the pregnancy rate (P < 0.05), without notable difference in ovulation rate. There was significant difference in clinical effective rate between the treated group and control group. Both the two groups could contribute to the mature development and discharge of the follicles. The growth of endometrium and endometrial receptivity in the treated group were higher than control group. The treated group has regulatory effect on PRL and E₂.

Adult ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Fertility Agents, Female ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Ovary ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Ovulation ; drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective The purpose of this study was to prepare RGD4C modified ferritin nanocages (RGD4C-FRT) for targeted drug delivery to rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6). Methods RGD4C modified human H-chain ferritin was expressed and purified. Doxorubicin (Dox) was encapsulated into the cavity of RGD4C-FRT through ion channels, which resulted in RGD4C-FRT-Dox. The target of RGD4C-FRT-Dox to HSC-T6 was detected using fluorescence microscopy. Results Transmission electron microscopy showed that RGD4C-FRT was hollow spherical-structured with uniform size and good dispersion. The average particle diameters of RGD4C-FRT and RGD4C-FRT-Dox were 12.57 nm and 20.13 nm , respectively. The drug encapsulation efficiency and loading percentage of RGD4C-FRT-Dox were 77.32% and 15.88% respectively. RGD4C-FRT-Dox was significantly uptaken by HSC-T6, and the uptake could be blocked by the empty carrier RGD4C-FRT. Conclusion RGD4C-FRT-Dox can specifically target HSC-T6. Further animal experiments are needed to inspect its therapeutic effect on liver fibrosis.