Objective To investigate the expression and significance of tumor necorisis factor related apoptosis induled ligand receptor(TRAILR) in human craniopharyngioma.Methods The expression of TRAILR was determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in 24 samples of craniopharyngioma and 16 samples of normal brain tissue.Results With low decoy receptor(DcR) expression in partial craniopharyngioma cells and low death receptor(DR) expression in partial normal brain cells,DR was expressed highly in all craniopharyngioma samples while DcR in most normal brain tissue. High DR expression and low DcR expression in craniopharyngioma tissue differed from low DR expression and high DcR expression in normal brain tissue(P

Objectives To clarify the basic data such as prevalent range,regiohal characteristics and the population at risk of drinking brick-tea type fluorosis in China.Methods Comprehensive survey for basic information was conducted in the provinces and autonomous regions where drinking brick-tea type fluorosis Wag prevalent,ineluding Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Tibet Autonomous Region, Sichuan Province,Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province,Gansu Province,Ningxia Autonomous Region and Yunan Province.The survey included the number ot counties(cifies)and townships(towns)where the people were accustomed to drinking brick-tea,pepulation,ethnic minority composition,the production and living style,sales and the kinds of brick-tea aIn so on.Results Two hundred and forty-one counties and 3246 townships were found to haye the habit 0f drinking brick-tea,among which 87.46%(2839/3246)had the habit for more than 30 years.There were 31 684 administrative vilages(residents' committees),15 047 elementary schools and 2873 temples surveyed,coveting a total population of 31 052 398 and 122 739 monks.Fifty-three ethnic minorities were involved.Han accounted for 44.86%(12 902 710/31 052 398), Uighur ethnic for 20.98%(7 416 474/31 052 398),Tibetan ethnic for 13.34%(4 323 272/31 052 398),Muslim ethnicfor 8.15%(2 767 603/31 052 398),Mongolian ethnic for 4.61%(1 400 206/31 052 398),Kazak ethnicfor 3.45% (1 218 272/31 052 398),of the population of drinking brick-tea,farmer population accounted for 64.13%(19 912 833/ 31 052 398),herdsman population for 8.79%(2 728 418/31 052 398),farmer-herdsman population for 12.53%(3 889 678/ 31 052 398)and town population for 14.56%(4 521 169/31 052 398).There Was 3926.74 tons of brick-tea sold per year in the investigated regions,mainly of Fu brick-tea,Green brick-tea and Black brick-tea.Areas with high brick- tea consumption distributed mainly in farmer region and farmer-herdsman region.Annual per capita consumption of brick-tea for farmers was 3.77 kg,and for farmer-herdsman population was 2.05 kg.Conclusions Begions with the habit of drinking brick-tea distributes extensively in western China and cover a huge population,and the herdsmen and farmer-herdsman are the main risk population.Drinking brick-tea type fluorosis is a seriolls public health issue in western China.

In this study, we use pot experiment to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulator on plant morphology and biomass allocation of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Different concentrations of uniconazole were supplied to S. miltioohiza by means of foliar spray. Height, breadth and stem diameter were measured dynamically, the biomass of leaf, stem, flower and fruit, root biomass and biomass ratio were also examined at the harvest time. Owing to the treatment, plant morphology showed significant changes, the height had been greatly reduced and the breadth decreased largely. Meanwhile, the biomass allocation changed too. The biomass ratio of leaf and stem had been notably reduced while the biomass ratio of root had been increased remarkably. It appears that foliar application of uniconazole during vigorous growth period in S. miltioohiza has dramatic effect on dwarfing plant and improving resistant to lodging. This measure could also be applied to condensed cultivation of S. miltioohiza to increase production.
Biomass ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Plant Roots ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Triazoles ; pharmacology

In this paper the contents of rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, crytotanshinone, tanshinone II(A) in samples of different original processed Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were determined by HPLC. Different processing methods have varied influences on four active ingredients in Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Sun-drying reduced the content of crytotanshinone, tanshi-none II(A) and rosmarinic acid, integralsamples were better than those cut into segments. Oven dry method had great influence on water--soluble ingredients, high temperature (80-100 degrees C) could easily cause big loss of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B. The role of traditional processing method "fahan: was complicated, the content of rosmarinic acid decreased, crytotanshinone and tanshinone II(A) increased, and salvianolic acid B showed no difference after "fahan". Drying in the shade and oven dry under low temperatrure (40-60 degrees C) were all effective to keep active ingredients of Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and, there was no difference between integral samples and samples cut into segments. Therefore, considering comprehensively the content of active ingredients in Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and processing costing etc., shade-drying or oven dry underlow temperature (40-60 degrees C) should be the most suitable original processing method.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hot Temperature ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Temperature

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the change of pesticide residues in Chinese dietary through analysis on results of the pesticide residues in the Chinese total diet study carried out the first in 1990.

METHODSOrganochlorine, such as HCH and DDT of 9 groups and 15 organophosphorus pesticide residues of 3 groups in four regions of China were determined by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and gas chromatography-flame photometric detector (GC-FPD) respectively. According to the amount of pesticide residues in various foods and the amount of food consumption in different areas, we calculated the amount of dietary intake of pesticide residues, then compared with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) or provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI). The contaminated samples were validated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

RESULTSResults showed that the total dietary daily intake of HCH per person was decreasing from 5.04 micro g in 1990 to 3.11 micro g in 2000, where as the total dietary daily intake of DDT per person was decreasing from 20.47 micro g in 1990 to 2.15 micro g in 2000. The result was less than 1 percent difference of PTDI (0.01 mg/kg bw) established by the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) in 2000. Compared to the results in 1990, the intake of HCH from animal foods increased a little, due to the contaminated of aquatic products by Lindan in the second Southern region and the first Northern region. None of the organophosphorous pesticide residues analyzed were detected in cereals, vegetables and fruits.

CONCLUSIONThe intake level of pesticide residues in Chinese dietary in 2000 was considered to be low, and the abuse of organophosphorous pesticide seemed to be under effective control.

Animals ; China ; DDT ; analysis ; Edible Grain ; chemistry ; Fish Products ; analysis ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Humans ; Insecticides ; analysis ; Lindane ; analysis ; Pesticide Residues ; analysis ; Seafood ; analysis ; Vegetables ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study technique and clinical therapeutic effects of internal fixation with three-column plates for the treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures through antero-midline and postero-medial approaches.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to December 2012, 28 patients with complex tibial plateau fractures were treated with internal fixation using three-column plates through antero-midline and postero-medial approaches. There were 17 males and 11 females, with an average age of 45.3 years old (ranged, 28 to 64 years old). Twelve patients had injuries in the left side and 16 patients had injuries in the right side. According to Schatzker classification, 12 patients were type V, 16 patients were type VI. According to three-column classification, all the patients had injuries of lateral, medial and posterior columns. The mean interval from injury to operation was 9.4 days (ranged, 6 to 15 days). The main clinical symptoms were knee joint swelling, deformity and limitation of motion before operation. The X-ray and CT showed all patients had complex tibial plateau fractures, which involved in the lateral, medial and posterior columns. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by fracture healing time, hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS) at one year after operation. The indexes such as tibial plateau-tibial shaft angle (TPA), posterior slope angle (PA) and femoral-tibial angle (FfA) were compared between immediate postoperation and one year after operation.

RESULTSAll incisions primarily healed without postoperative complications such as infection and cutaneous necrosis. All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 24 months, with a mean of 18.1 months. The bone union time ranged from 5 to 10 months (mean, 7.8 months) after operation. Knee joint swelling and pain disappeared after bony union, and joint function completely recovered. The results of hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS) was 27.81 ± 2.17 in pain, 19.52 ± 2.05 in function,15.82 ± 1.73 in passive range of motion, 8.51 ± 1.32 in muscle strength, 8.33 ± 1.08 in flexion deformity, 9.36 ± 0.52 in joint stability, and the total mean score was 89.35 ± 3.19. According to results of HSS, 20 patients got an excellent result, 5 good,2 fair and 1 poor. There were no significant differences in tibial plateau-tibial shaft angle (TPA), posterior slope angle (PA) and femoral-tibial angle (FTA) between immediate postoperation and one year after operation.

CONCLUSIONThree-column plate internal fixation for the treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures through antero-midline and posteromedial approaches is effective to achieve anatomic reduction,rigid internal fixation and early functional exercise.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery

objective To explore the impact ot ideal health behaviors and health tactors on the detection rate of the carotid plaques.Methods Subjects with previous stroke,TIA,myocardial infarction were excluded from the study.A total of 5852 employees (active and retired employers from Tangshan Kailuan company) aged 40 years and over were included through stratified random sampling.Information was obtained from the unified questionnaire,measurements of blood biochemistry and carotid artery ultrasonography.Results (1) The carotid artery plaque detection rates were 67.0％,52.3％,50.5％,44.3％,37.2％,31.9％,26.1％ and 4.2％ in the groups with0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 components of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and health factors,respectively.(2) The carotid artery plaques total burden score [TBS:M (Q1,Q3)] were7(7,7),7(5,7),7(5,7),5(3,5),5(3,5),5(3,5),3(3,3),3(3,3) in the groups with 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 components of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and health factors,respectively.(3) Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that 3,4,5 and greater than 5 components of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and health factors were protective factors against carotid plaques compared to less than 2 components of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors (all P ＜ 0.05),the OR (95％ CI) values were 0.78 (0.62-0.98),0.53 (0.62-0.98),0.52 (0.39-0.71) and 0.40 (0.25-0.64),respectively.Conclusion Increasing ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors are negatively linked with the detection rate and TBS of the carotid plaques.

Humans ; Moxibustion ; Depression ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Esophagitis, Peptic

BACKGROUND:Esophagectomy is a very important method for the treatment of resectable esophageal cancer, which carries a high rate of morbidity and mortality. This study was undertaken to assess the predictive score proposed by Ferguson et al for pulmonary complications after esophagectomy for patients with cancer. METHODS:The data of patients who admitted to the intensive care unit after transthoracic esophagectomy at Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College between September 2008 and October 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS:Two hundred and seventeen patients were analyzed and 129 (59.4％) of them had postoperative pulmonary complications. Risk scores varied from 0 to 12 in all patients. The risk scores of patients with postoperative pulmonary complications were higher than those of patients without postoperative pulmonary complications (7.27±2.50 vs. 6.82±2.67;P=0.203). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications as well as in the increase of risk scores (χ2=5.477,P=0.242). The area under the curve of predictive score was 0.539±0.040 (95％CI 0.461 to 0.618;P=0.324) in predicting the risk of pulmonary complications in patients after esophagectomy. CONCLUSION:In this study, the predictive power of the risk score proposed by Ferguson et al was poor in discriminating whether there were postoperative pulmonary complications after esophagectomy for cancer patients.

BACKGROUND:Readmission to intensive care unit (ICU) after discharge to ward has been reported to be associated with increased hospital mortality and longer length of stay (LOS). The objective of this study was to investigate whether ICU readmission are preventable in critical y il cancer patients. METHODS:Data of patients who readmitted to intensive care unit (ICU) at National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) between January 2013 and November 2016 were retrospectively collected and reviewed. RESULTS:A total of 39 patients were included in the final analysis, and the overall readmission rate between 2013 and 2016 was 1.32％ (39/2,961). Of 39 patients, 32 (82.1％) patients were judged as unpreventable and 7 (17.9％) patients were preventable. There were no significant differences in duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU LOS, hospital LOS, ICU mortality and in-hospital mortality between patients who were unpreventable and preventable. For 24 early readmission patients, 7 (29.2％) patients were preventable and 17 (70.8％) patients were unpreventable. Patients who were late readmission were all unpreventable. There was a trend that patients who were preventable had longer 1-year survival compared with patients who were unpreventable (100％ vs. 66.8％, log rank=1.668, P=0.196). CONCLUSION:Most readmission patients were unpreventable, and all preventable readmissions occurred in early period after discharge to ward. There were no significant differences in short term outcomes and 1-year survival in critically ill cancer patients whose readmissions were preventable or not.