Adolescent ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Translocation, Genetic ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective Comparing the effect of different anesthetic inductions in pediatric pa-tients undergoing bronchial foreign body removal.Methods Thirty pediatric patients,aged 9-58 months,undergoing emergency bronchial foreign body removal,were randomly into 3 groups (n=10 each):group sevoflurane (group S),group propofol (group P),and group ketamine (group K).Pa-tients in group S were inducted with sevoflurane 8% inhalation,group P with propofol 2.5 mg/kg in-travenous injection,group K with ketamine 5 mg/kg intramuscular injection.Three groups of pa-tients breathed spontaneously during operative period and received topical anesthesia of lidocaine be-fore the placement of rigid bronchoscopy.Combination of intravenous target-controlled infusion of propofol (target plasma concentration of 3-3.5 μg/ml)and remifentanil (target plasma concentration of 2-3 ng/ml)was used for maintenance of anesthesia.The rigid bronchoscopy was inserted after pre-oxygenation for 3 min.Rigid bronchoscopy was performed and the placement time,the first place-ment successfully rate,hypoxemia and side effects as well as postoperative awaking time were recor-ded.Results The first placement successfully rate,group S 90%,group P 70%,group K 40%,with significant difference among three groups (P<0.05).The incidence of side effects were not signifi-cant difference in three groups;In group S and group P,the placement time and the anesthesia awa-king time was significant shorter than that in group K (P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with propo-fol intravenous induction and ketamine intramuscular induction,the high concentration sevoflurane in-duction can provide faster induction,shorter waking time,and reduceside effects in childen undergo-ing bronchial foreign body removal.

mRNAs of alpha-adrenoceptor (α-AR) subtypes are found in neurons in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and change after peripheral nerve injury. In this study, the distribution of α-AR subtype proteins was studied in L5 DRG of normal rats and rats with chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve (CCI). Using immunofluorescence technique, it was found that α1A-, α1B-, and α2A-AR proteins were expressed in large, medium, and small size neurons in normal DRG, and significantly increased in all size neurons 14 days after CCI. α1D- and α2C-AR was also expressed in all size neurons in normal DRG. However, α1D-AR was significantly increased and α2C-AR was decreased in small size neurons 14 days post CCI. α2B-AR neurons were not detectable in normal and CCI DRG. Co-expression of α1A- and α2A-AR in the same neuron was observed in normal DRG and increased post CCI. Collectively, these results indicated that there is distinct distribution of α-AR subtypes in DRG neurons, and the distribution and levels of expression of α-AR subtypes change differently after CCI. The up-regulation of α-AR subtypes in DRG neurons may play an important role in the process of generating and transmitting neuropathic pain.

Objective To explore the activation and apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs) in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) and the effects of triptoIide(TP) on them. Methods The changes of activation and apoptosis were observed on cultured PBLs in children with HSP and healthy controls ,and the effects of TP were compared respectively. Expression of CD3, CD25 and apoptosis rate of PBLs were assayed with flow cytometry. Results The percentage of CD3+ CD25+ cell was significantly higher (P

To further explore the result of bilingual teaching in pediatrics,we randomly chose 200 undergraduates of 4 class and released students'questionnaires about bilingual teaching with teaching content before and after class to assess students'understanding of bilingual teaching and analysed appraisal result.We found no significant difference of student score between students accepting bilingual teaching and not accepting the bilingual teaching,but there was difference for English tests and expression level.So we think that students can fully accept the bilingual teaching of pediatrics under the premise with selecting appropriate teaching methods and means.

AIMAcetylcholine(ACh) is a neurotransmitter and a potent vasodilator in many vascular beds. ACh hyperpolarizes the smooth muscle cells(SMCs) of arteries including the cochlear spiral modiolar artery(SMA) via an endothelium-dependent mechanism, but the biochemical and biophysical basis of the hyperpolarization and vasodilation remain unclear and controversial.

METHODSUsing intracellular recording techniques and an in vitro preparation of the SMA, the ionic mechanism of the hyperpolarization and a possible role of nitric oxide(NO) were investigated.

RESULTSWith 5 mmol/L K(+) in the bathing solution and a minimum longitudinal tension, ACh (0.1-10 micromol/L) induced a robust hyperpolarization in low RP cells but caused a depolarization in the high RP cells. The ACh hyperpolarization was fast in onset and offset and the amplitude was concentration-dependent(22 and 30 mV by 1 micromol/L and 10 micromol/L ACh, respectively, n = 7 ). ACh also hyperpolarized the cells that initially had a high resting potential (RP) but were pre-depolarized by Ba(2+) (50-100 micromol/L). The onset time courses of the hyperpolarization were often slower in these cases than those without the presence of Ba(2+) . The ACh-induced hyperpolarization was blocked by atropine (0.1- 1 micromol/L, n = 6) or DAMP (50 -100 nmol/L, n = 6, a selective M3 antagonist) and also by BAPTA-AM (10 micromol/L, n = 7, a membrane-permeable Ca(2+)-chelator), or charybdotoxin plus apamin (50-100 nmol/L, n= 4, Ca(2+) -activated K(+) -channel blockers), but not by Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 300 micromol/L, n = 8, an inhibitor of NO-synthase), glipizide (10 micromol/L, n = 4, ATP-sensitive K(+) -channel blocker) and indomethacin (10 micromol/L, n = 4, cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor).

CONCLUSIONIt is concluded that ACh-induced hyperpolarization in the arterial SMCs is primarily due to an activation of calcium-activated potassium channels via M3 receptors of endothelial cell and is independent of NO-release in the spiral modiolar artery.

Acetylcholine ; physiology ; Animals ; Arteries ; Cell Polarity ; physiology ; Cochlea ; blood supply ; physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Membrane Potentials ; physiology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; metabolism ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; metabolism ; Receptor, Muscarinic M3 ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) in trophoblast and relation between PPAR? ligands and trophoblast invasion.Methods We examined the expression of PPAR? by immunohistochemistry,immunocytochemistry and real time quantitative PCR.We next examined,using the cytotrophoblast culture model,the biological role of PPAR? ligands in vitro.Results PPAR? was mainly localized in the nuclei of villous cytotrophoblast and extravillous cytotrophoblast of cell islands and cell columns.In villous tissue and cultured trophoblast from early first trimester,the level of expression of PPAR? mRNA and protein was 36.0?5.1,13.4?3.1 and 1.35?0.08,1.13?0.11;from late first trimester it was 23.3?5.5,6.1?1.3 and 1.17?0.03,0.86 ?0.05,and the expression of PPAR? was obviously decreased (P

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βGA) on the membrane current of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in arteriole. Guinea pig anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and mesenteric artery (MA) were isolated, and single VSMCs were harvested using digestion with papain and collagenase IA. Outward currents of the VSMCs were recorded by whole-cell patch clamp technique. Results were shown as below: (1) 1 mmol/L 4-AP and 1 mmol/L TEA both could partially inhibit the whole-cell current of VSMCs in arterioles. (2) 18βGA inhibited the outward current of VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory rates of 10, 30 and 100 μmol/L 18βGA on the membrane current of VSMCs (+40 mV) were (25.3 ± 7.1)%, (43.1 ± 10.4)% and (68.4 ± 3.9)% respectively in AICA, and (13.2 ± 5.6)%, (34.2 ± 4.0)% and (59.3 ± 7.3)% respectively in MA. There was no significant difference between the inhibitory effects of 18βGA on AICA and MA. 18βGA also inhibited the outward current of VSMCs in a voltage-dependent manner. 18βGA induced a more pronounced inhibition of the outward current from 0 to +40 mV, especially at +40 mV. (3) With the pretreatment of 10 mmol/L TEA, the inhibitory effect of 18βGA on the membrane current of VSMCs was significantly abolished. These results suggest that the outward current of VSMCs in arterioles is mediated by voltage-dependent K(+) channels (K(v)) and big conductance calcium-activated K(+) channels (BK(Ca)), which can be inhibited by 18βGA in concentration- and voltage-dependent way.
Animals ; Arterioles ; physiology ; Cerebellum ; blood supply ; Female ; Gap Junctions ; physiology ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; drug effects ; Mesenteric Arteries ; cytology ; physiology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; physiology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; physiology ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated ; physiology

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute hypoxia on the electrophysiological properties of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in arteriole. Guinea-pig anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) segments were isolated, and outer layer connective tissue was removed by collagenase A digestion and microforceps. By perfusion with physical saline solution containing no glucose and low oxygen, VSMC model of acute hypoxia was established. The model was studied by whole-cell patch clamp recording technique. Results were shown as below: (1) Acute hypoxia induced an outward current with amplitude of (36.4 ± 9.2) pA at holding potential of -40 mV, and the rest potential (RP) of the VSMCs was hyperpolarized from (-33.2 ± 1.9) mV to (-38.4 ± 1.5) mV. Acute hypoxia increased the outward current of VSMCs in a voltage-dependent manner, this enhancing effect being more pronounced at potentials ranging from 0 to +40 mV. The whole-cell membrane current of VSMCs induced by step command (+40 mV) increased from (650 ± 113) pA to (1 900 ± 197) pA. In the presence of 1 mmol/L tetraethylammonium (TEA), the enhancement of the VSMC membrane current by acute hypoxia was significantly reduced. (2) Acute hypoxia increased the membrane resistance (R(input)) of the VSMCs in AICA from (234 ± 63) MΩ to (1 211 ± 201) MΩ, and decreased the membrane capacitance (C(input)) from (279.3 ± 83.2) pF to (25.4 ± 1.9) pF. In the presence of 30 μmol/L 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βGA) and 10 mmol/L TEA, the effects of acute hypoxia on the membrane current of VSMCs were nearly abolished. These results suggest that acute hypoxia causes vascular hyperpolarization and vasodilation, possibly by activating big conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (BK(Ca)) of the VSMCs, and inhibits gap junctions between VSMCs, thus improving microcirculation and localizing the hypoxia-induced damage.
Animals ; Arteries ; physiopathology ; Cerebellum ; blood supply ; Female ; Gap Junctions ; metabolism ; physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; metabolism ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels ; physiology

The present study aimed to investigate the difference in the voltage dependent potassium channel (Kv) expression in lymphocytes between the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar rats. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected from 10 male SHRs and 10 normotensive Wistar rats aged 16 weeks. First, by using the patch-clamp technique, Kv channel current was recorded in freshly isolated lymphocytes from SHRs and normotensive Wistar rats. Total RNAs were extracted from lymphocytes by using TRIzol reagent. Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of Kv1.3 mRNA and Western blot technique was used to measure the expression of Kv1.3 protein in lymphocytes from SHRs and normotensive Wistar rats. The results showed that: (1) The current density of Kv channel in the step voltage of +60 mV was higher in lymphocytes from SHRs than that from the normotensive Wistar rats [(119+/-10) pA/pF vs (56+/-9) pA/pF, P<0.05]; (2) The level of Kv1.3 mRNA expression in lymphocytes from SHRs was significantly increased compared with that of the normotensive Wistar rats (0.0313+/-0.017 vs 0.0023+/-0.005, P<0.05); (3) The expression of Kv1.3 protein was significantly elevated in lymphocytes (1.02+/-0.04 vs 0.41+/-0.03, P<0.05) from SHRs compared with that of the normotensive Wistar rats. The results obtained demonstrate that the lymphocytes Kv channels are increased in SHR, and the Kv channel may be involved in activation of lymphocytes from SHR.
Animals ; Hypertension ; metabolism ; Kv1.3 Potassium Channel ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Male ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Wistar