Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV) is a common disease of the retina,the disease is more found in colored race.In China,the mainly nosogenic population is the female about 60 years old.The pathogenesis of PCV is unknown and there is no specific medicine at present.The funduscopic present is orangered lesions,bleed and exudation.Indocyanine green angiography(ICGA) could make a definite diagnosis of PCV.In recent,the main treatment of PCV includes photodynamic therapy,intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy,surgery for treatment of complications and combined therapy.We review the treatment and diagnosis of PCV,and propose the further research direction.

Objective To determine the genetic subtypes and susceptible population of Cryptoccocus neoformans in China. Methods We analyzed 129 strains of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated during the period from 1980 through 2006 in 18 Prov-inces and municipalities of central and eastern China using epidemiological method,PCR fingerprint,and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).Results About 71.5% (91/129)of the clinical strains were isolated from the patients without any recognizable immunodeficiency.Only 8.5% (11/129)of the strains were from AIDS patients.The remaining 20.9% (27/129)were from patients with underlying diseases other than HIV infection.Furthermore,PCR fingerprinting and MLST showed that serotype A strains exhibited a unique VNⅠsubtype,which was distinguishable from the reference VNⅠmolecular types.For convenience we named this unique genotype as VNⅠc.Conclusions People without any recognizable immunodeficiency are the main susceptible population of the 129 clinical strains of Cryptococcus neoformans ,which contrasts with the reports from other countries.The different genetic subtypes of Cryptococcus neoformans between China and other countries may contribute to such a difference.

We investigated the Toxop lasma infection prevalence among planned pregnant women in Chongqing ,and to pro‐vide reference for the first level intervention of birth defects in the region .A total of 11 953 planned pregnant women were se‐lected by proportionally stratified multi‐stage random sampling method .Questionnaire survey was given to the women ,and blood samples were collected .Specific IgM and IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma were detected with ELISA .Results showed that among the 11 953 cases surveyed ,Toxoplasma IgM was positive in 71 cases ,with the positive rate of 0 .59% ;IgG was positive in 771 cases ,with the positive rate of 6 .54% .The positive rate of IgM and IgG antibodies in the metropolitan core re‐gion of the city was higher than that in the suburb areas (χ2 =35 .28 ,P<0 .000 1 ;χ2 =82 .65 ,P<0 .000 1) .The positive rate of IgM antibody increased with the educational level (χ2trend=3 .25 ,P=0 .001 1) .The positive rates of IgM and IgG varied in occupations among women (χ2 =13 .93 , P= 0 .016 0;χ2 = 15 .58 ,χ2 =0 .008 1) ,with the highest rate of public officials . Planned pregnant women with the history of abnormal pregnancy outcomes had higher positive rate of T .gondii IgM and IgG antibodies than those in the control (χ2 =6 .85 ,P=0 .008 9;χ2 =59 .25 ,P<0 .000 1) .There was no significant difference of IgM positive rate between the planned pregnancy women who had closed contact to cats and the control group (χ2 =0 .23 ,P=0 .628 6) ,while the positive rate of IgG was higher than that of the control group (χ2 =9 .95 ,P=0 .001 6) .T .gondii infec‐tion rate was on the low level of planned pregnant women in Chongqing .Adverse pregnancy outcomes are related to Toxoplas‐ma infection .

In order to optimize acupuncture protocol for stephenipodia after stroke, related papers of the recent 20 years are retrieved. Interrelated factors which may influence the therapeutic effect of acupuncture are analyzed through the aspects such as acupoints, needling methods and opportunities of acupuncture. It is held that importance should be attached on relation between acupoints and anatomy during acupoint selection. Different acupuncture protocol can be adopted in different phases of stephenipodia according to its time of occurrence. And it is found that the combination of acupuncture and rehabilitation can reinforce the therapeutic effect. Relationship between effect of acupuncture and patient's condition, acupoint selection and prescription, acupuncture manipulations (including directions, angles, reinforcing and reducing, quantity of stimulus) are worth to be further studied. On the base of the above all mentioned studies, optimization can be carried out on selection of acupoints and acupuncture manipulations. And therapeutic effect can be enhanced when the optimized acupuncture protocol is combined with rehabilitation therapies.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Foot Diseases ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Stroke ; complications

Objective To study the biological exposure limit in bone metabolism damage caused by coexposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning in exposed population.Methods One hundred and ninety-eight cases of fluoride and arsenic co-exposed people from Liuchang village,Qinzhen city,Guizhou province were enrolled in the study.Urinary fluorine (UF),urinary arsenic (UAs),urinary hydroxyproline (UHYP),ross-linked Ntelopeptides of type Ⅰ collagen(UNTX) and bone strength index(STI) were detected.BMDS Version 2.1 software was used to calculate UF,UAs benchmark dose (BMD) and its lower confidence limit (BMDL) on the damage of bone metabolism caused by co-exposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning.Results The BMD and BMDL range of UF caused by co-exposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning were 0.68-1.35 mg/g Cr,0.57-1.11 mg/g Cr.The BMD and BMDL range of UAs caused by co-exposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning were 8.36-18.77 μg/g Cr,7.12-15.40 μg/g Cr.Conclusion The biological exposure limits of UF and UAs for bone metabolism toxicity are proposed as 0.57 mg/g Cr and 7.12 μg/g Cr in co-exposure to fluoride and arsenic from coal burning,respectively.

Objective To express and purify recombinant Tp0136 epitope fragment, and study the immunity activity. Methods The Tp0136 selective fragment(Tp0136B) gene was devised by the surface property analysis, solvent-accessible suface calculateions, secondary structure function region analysis, and was inserted between the sites of Nde Ⅰ and Not Ⅰ in pET22b ( + ) . The recombinant plasmid was expressed in E. coli BI21. After nickel ion metal affinity chromatography, the antigenic and immune reactivity of rTp0136B was confirmed. Then indirect ELISA with the rTp0136B as coating antigen was performed to detect the anti-Tp0136 antibody in sera from 100 normal human controls and 131 primary syphilis patients. Results The rTp0136B was soluble expressed with a molecular weight of about 28 000 and was obtained with a purity of ＞98% by chromatography. Western blot proved that the rTp0136B could specifically react with anti-Tp0136 polyclonal antibody. Specific humoral response was elicited by the recombinant protein in Japan negative. The positive detection rate in sera from primary syphilis patients was 85.5%. Conclusion This result suggested that the recombinant Tp0136 epitope fragments have a satisfactory immunocompetence,which may have applications in the serodiagnosis of primary syphilis.

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Patellar Dislocation ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Patellar Ligament ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

Objective To detect the expression and function of ZNRF3 in different kinds of thyroid cancer tissues and cells.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of ZNRF3 protein in 35 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma and 10 cases of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma.The expressions of ZNRF3 gene in TPC-1 and 8505C were detected by RT-PCR,and the cell lines were derived from papillary thyroid carcinoma and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma respectively.After silenced ZNRF3 gene expression with lentivirus,the proliferation ability of TPC-1 cells were detected with CCK-8,the invasion and metastasis ability of TPC-1 cells were detected with Transwell.Results According to results of immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR,the expressions of ZNRF3 in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells and tissues were higher than those in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma cells and tissues,the differences were statistically significant (4.83±0.44 vs.3.13 ±0.59,t =2.20,P ＜0.05;1.01±0.06 vs.0.21±0.04,t =11.80,P＜0.01).After ZNRF3 geng silencing,according to the results of CCK8,the proliferation ability of TPC-1 cells was significantly enhanced in 72 h,the difference was statistically significant (0.96 ± 0.10 vs.0.64 ± 0.05,t =3.19,P ＜ 0.05);and according to the results of Transwell,the TPC-1 cell's invasion (0.12 ± 0.01 vs.0.09 ±0.00,t =5.48,P＜0.01) and migration (0.22 ±-0.01 vs.0.17 ±0.01,t =4.58,P ＜0.05) also increased,the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion The expression of ZNRF3 in papillary thyroid carcinoma is higher than that in poorly differentiated thyroid cancer.ZNRF3 is tumor suppressor gene in the thyroid tumors.

Objective To study the applications and outcomes of using autogeneic cartilage in hearing recon-struction surgery in patients with chronic otitis media or cholesteatoma .Methods A total of 165 patients (173 ears) in whom autogeneic cartilage was used were analyzed retrospectively .Forty -three patients (48 ears) had simple tympanic membrane perforations ,61 patients (61 ears) had cholesteatomas including 12 retraction pockets ,23 pa-tients (23 ears) had tympanoscleroses and 38 patients (41 ears) had otitis media with granulations .The cartilage grafts were used for tympanic perforation reparing in 133 patients (139 ears) ,for ossiculoplasty in 102 patients (104 ears) ,for attic reconstruction in 31 patients (31 ears) and for canal wall reconstruction of external auditory canal in 3 patients (3 ears) .The auditory outcome (0 .5 ,1 ,2 ,and 4 kHz pure tone average hearing threshold ,the average air-bone gap) and local architecture status were followed up for 1 year after surgery .Results In 133 patients (139 ears) with tympanic perforation ,the rate of successful repair of a tympanic membrame perforation in one -stage was 97 .84% with perforation repair in 136 ears and postoperative perforation in 3 ears .In 102 patients (104 ears) of os-siculoplasty ,there was no ossicular prostheses prolapse .In 31 patients (31 ears) of attic reconstruction ,no local graft shift or collapse was found .In 3 patients (3 ears) of external auditory canal repair ,no canal wall collapse occurred . In myringoplasty group (43 patients ,48 ears) ,preoperative and postoperative air -bone gap (ABG) was 23 .8 ± 3 .1 dB and 11 .6 ± 8 .7 dB ,respectively .In cholesteatoma group (61 patients ,61 ears ) ,preoperative and postoperative ABG were 39 .2 ± 24 .7 dB and 19 .0 ± 12 .1 dB ,respectively .In tympanosclerosis group (23 patients ,23 ears) ,pre-operative and postoperative ABG were 31 .2 ± 12 .4 dB and 19 .8 ± 11 .2 dB ,respectively .In otitis media with granu-lation group (38 patients ,41 ears) ,preoperative and postoperative ABG were 41 .6 ± 9 .9 dB and 15 .3 ± 13 .4 dB ,re-spectively .Conclusion Autogeneic cartilage is very valuable in hearing reconstruction surgery ,especially in compli-cated tympanic perforation ,combination with ossiculoplasty prostheses ,or reconstruction of mastoid cavity or exter-nal call wall defect .

protrusion measured by ultrasound for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction.Methods A literature search of medline (1966.1-2011.6),embase(1984.1-2011.6),CNKI (1994.1-2011.6) and WEIPU Data (1989.1-2011.6) from 1999 to 2009 was performed by two reviewers independently.QUADAS items was applicated to assess trial quality.Golden standard was BOOI measured by urodynamics (BOOI more than 40 indicates bladder outlet obstruction).Heterogenous studies and meta-analysis were conducted by Meta-Disc 1.4 software.Results Totally 6 studies was included at last,involving 682 subjects.No threshold effect was found,but there was heterogeneity due to other factors.The meta-analysis showed that the sensitivity was 70.8 ％,specificity was 87.6 ％,positive LR was 5.132,negative LR was 0.303,the diagnostic OR was 22.18,the area under SROC curve was 0.8723 and Q index was 0.8028.Conclusions Intravesical prostatic protrusion measured by ultrasound is a good index for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia when intravesical prostatic protrusion is equal or more than 10mm.