AIM: To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 in lens epithelial cells (LECs).METHODS: The cultured LECs were incubated with defferent concentrations of LPS for defferent times.The mRNA expression of TLR4 and CD14 in LECs were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RESULTS: The mRNA expression of TLR4 in the LECs treated with LPS at concentrations of 50 μg/L, 100 μg/L, 200 μg/L, 500 μg/L or 1 000 μg/L was higher than that in the LECs without LPS treatment (P<0.01), respectively.The mRNA expression of TLR4 in the LECs incubated with 100 μg/L LPS for 24 h, 48 h or 72 h was higher than that in LECs without LPS treatment at same time points (P<0.01).The mRNA expression of CD14 in the LECs incubated with LPS at concentration of 100 μg/L for 24 h was also higher than that in the LECs without LPS treatment (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: LPS enhances the mRNA expression of TLR4 and CD14 in LECs, which may be related to intraocular response, as well as to the formation and development of after-cataract.

Objective To investigate the association between the rs769236 polymorphism at the 5′-UTR region of CyclinA2 gene and the susceptibility of colorectal cancer (CRC) .Methods A case-control study was carried out on the Chinese Han population , the rs769236 polymorphism of CyclinA2 were analyzed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)in 150 CRC cases and 150 healthy controls .The association between CRC risk and the SNP (rs769236) was estimated by an unconditional logis-tic regression model .Results Compared with GG wild genotype ,variant genotypes(GA+AA) carriers had a significantly increased risk of CRC[adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1 .92 ,95% confidence interval(CI)=1 .10 -3 .36] .Conclusion The current results sug-gested that the SNP(rs769236) of CyclinA2 is significantly associated with the increased risk of CRC ,the variant genotypes(GA+AA) are the independent risk factors of CRC in Chinese Han population .

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical diagnostic value of ambulatory EEG (AEEG) in epilepsy and atypical epilepsy.MethodsThe monitoring of 24-hour AEEG were performed in 67 epileptic and 53 atypical epileptic.Results65.7% of epileptic cases presented abnormality, and 34.0% of atypical epilepsy. The 85.5% of epileptic form discharges were found in the stage of sleep, especially in the Ⅰor Ⅱstage of NREM. The main epileptic form discharges was sharp waves.ConclusionThe monitoring of 24-hour AEEG may play important role in the diagnosis of epilepsy or atypical epilepsy, but can do little in the classification and detecting the focus of epilepsy.

In the research field of quality control in Chinese medicinal materials, variation in active ingredients of medicinal plant is always the key and hot issues. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies and reducing cost, a large numbers of genes from medicinal plant were cloning and provide a solid foundation for further research of gene structure and its biological function, and also provides conditions for explore active ingredient variation and its quality control from the perspective of molecular pharmacognosy. This paper introduces the concept of homologous gene, gene duplication and classification. We prospect the function of duplicated genes in the role of molecular mechanism research about variation in active ingredients, aiming at providing a new way for medicinal materials quality control.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Gene Duplication ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; genetics ; Quality Control

Objective To detect the combining capacity of peripheral blood NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)of arsenic-exposed residents in the coal-contaminated arsenism area in Guizhou with the sequence of downstream antioxidant response element (ARE) as well as antioxidase gene expression,and to provide a basis for in-depth revelation of arsenic oxidative damage mechanism to human body.Methods Jiaole and Changqing villages in coal-burning-borne arsenism areas in Xingren County of Guizhou were selected as the survey spots,and 161 cases of arsenic-exposed residents were selected as the arsenic exposed group on the basis of physical examination.They were divided into non-patient group (21 cases) and patient group (140 cases) according to the Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Arsenism (WS/T 211-2001),and the patient group was further divided into mild hepatosis group (52 cases),moderately severe hepatosis group (36 cases) and non-apparent hepatosis group (52 cases) according to the Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Chronic (GBZ 59-2010).Moreover,45 residents from one village neighboring to non-epidemic area were selected as controls.The hemocyte nucleoprotein was extracted from peripheral blood in the sampling subjects.The combining capacity of peripheral blood Nrf2-ARE was tested by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA),and the relative expression quantity of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GSH-Pxl) mRNA was tested with real-time fluorescence quantification PCR (qPCR).Results The testing results of Nrf2-ARE combining capacity showed that the difference of Nrf2-ARE combining capacity between groups was statistically significant (F =116.033,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group (3.14 ± 1.34),the Nrf2-ARE combining capacity was higher in the non-apparent hepatosis group (5.17 ± 2.06),mild hepatosis group (13.13 ± 4.84) and moderately severe hepatosis group (32.35 ± 14.76,all P ＜ 0.05);compared with the non-patient group (5.15 ± 3.23) and non-apparent hepatosis group,the Nrf2-ARE combining capacity of mild hepatosis group and moderately severe hepatosis group was higher (all P ＜ 0.05);compared with mild hepatosis group,the Nrf2-ARE combining capacity of moderately severe hepatosis group was higher (P ＜ 0.05).The results of Cu/Zn-SOD and GSH-Pxl mRNA expression showed the relative expression quantities of Cu/Zn-SOD [Median (M):1.127 8,1.257 8,1.632 0] and GSH-Pxl (M:1.334 5,1.940 9,2.062 6) mRNA of non-apparent hepatosis,mild hepatosis,moderately severe hepatosis groups were higher than those of the control groups (M:0.961 8,0.884 3),respectively,and their differences were statistically significant (x2 =13.065,19.934,all P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression quantities of GSH-Pxl mRNA of mild hepatosis group and moderately severe hepatosis group were higher than that of the non-patient group (M:1.248 4),and their differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The correlation analysis indicated the Nrf2-ARE combining capacity was positively related to the Cu/Zn-SOD and GSH-Px1 mRNA expression (r =0.271,0.292,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The increase of Nrtf2-ARE combining capacity by arsenic participates is involved in the regulation of Nrf2 downstream antioxidase gene expression,and this process possibly participates in occurrence and development of coal-burning-borne arsenism and hepatic injury.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy with finasteride and doxazosin in benign prostatic hyperplasia/ lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH/LUTS) patients with intravesical prostatic profusion (IPP).Methods A total of 322 BPH/LUTS patients who accepted combination therapy with finasteride and doxazosin were enrolled in this study.Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the degree of IPP:group Ⅰ(IPP＞10 mm),group 2 (IPP between 5 mm and 10 mm),group 3 (IPP＜5 mm),control group (without IPP).All patients were received inasteride 5 mg once per day and doxazosin 4 mg once per day for 6 months.International prostate symptom score (IPSS),prostatic specific antigen(PSA),ultrasonographic and urcdynamic evaluation were compared before and after treatment.The correlations between the above factors and IPP were estimated by Logistic regression analysis.Results After 6 month of treament,the changes of IPP degree and the maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax) had no significant differences in group 1,group 2 and group 3 as compared with before treatment (all P＞0.05).The IPSS in group 1 was not significantly different before and after treatment (P＞0.05).There were significant differences in the PSA level,IPSS,total prostate volume (TPV),transition zone volume (TZV),residual urine volume (PVR) in the 4 groups before and after treatment (all P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that PVR and Qmax had positive and negative correlations with IPP (P＜0.001 and P=0.024),respectively.Conclusions Combination therapy with finasteride and doxazosin can significantly improve the symptoms of LUST and reduce the total prostate volume in patients with BPH/LUTS,but for BPH patients with IPP,the combination therapy can not effectively alleviate the degree of IPP.The increase of residual urine volume and decrease of Qmax may enhance the risk of bladder outlet obstruction in BPH patients with IPP.

protrusion measured by ultrasound for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction.Methods A literature search of medline (1966.1-2011.6),embase(1984.1-2011.6),CNKI (1994.1-2011.6) and WEIPU Data (1989.1-2011.6) from 1999 to 2009 was performed by two reviewers independently.QUADAS items was applicated to assess trial quality.Golden standard was BOOI measured by urodynamics (BOOI more than 40 indicates bladder outlet obstruction).Heterogenous studies and meta-analysis were conducted by Meta-Disc 1.4 software.Results Totally 6 studies was included at last,involving 682 subjects.No threshold effect was found,but there was heterogeneity due to other factors.The meta-analysis showed that the sensitivity was 70.8 ％,specificity was 87.6 ％,positive LR was 5.132,negative LR was 0.303,the diagnostic OR was 22.18,the area under SROC curve was 0.8723 and Q index was 0.8028.Conclusions Intravesical prostatic protrusion measured by ultrasound is a good index for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia when intravesical prostatic protrusion is equal or more than 10mm.

Objective To explore the endovascular therapeutic strategy for multiple occlusive lesions of aorta and iliac-femoral arteries, and to discuss the technical skill as well as the clinical significance. Methods A total of 8 patients with multiple occlusive lesions of aorta and iliac-femoral arteries were enrolled in this study. Preoperative CT angiography and MR angiography were performed in all the 8 patients. The lesions included complete occlusion of abdominal aorta below renal artery level (n = 2), distal abdominal aorta occlusion (n = 4), distal abdominal aorta stenosis (n = 1), distal abdominal aorta membranous occlusion (n = 1), and diseased iliac artery (n = 12), external iliac artery (n = 8), femoral artery (n = 1) and popliteal artery (n = 2). Endovascular interventional management, including opening channel, thrombolysis, balloon dilation, stent implantation, etc. was carried out via different routes. The results were analyzed. Results After endovascular interventional management the abdominal aorta was completely reopened in all the 8 patients. Of 12 diseased iliac arteries, 9 were successfully reopened by interventional treatment and the remaining 3 were not treated. All the diseased external iliac arteries were opened up. The involved femoral artery and popliteal arteries were not treated. The patients were followed up for 1 -12 months. During the follow-up period, ischemic symptoms of the lower limb disappeared in 5 patients and were obviously improved in 2 patients. Recurrence of thrombotic occlusion was observed in one case, which returned to normal after transcatheter thrombolysis therapy. Conclusion For the treatment of multiple occlusive lesions of aorta and iliac-femoral arteries, endovascular interventional management is safe, simple and effective with fewer complications. The ischemic symptoms of the lower limb can be significantly improved.

Objective To study the applications and outcomes of using autogeneic cartilage in hearing recon-struction surgery in patients with chronic otitis media or cholesteatoma .Methods A total of 165 patients (173 ears) in whom autogeneic cartilage was used were analyzed retrospectively .Forty -three patients (48 ears) had simple tympanic membrane perforations ,61 patients (61 ears) had cholesteatomas including 12 retraction pockets ,23 pa-tients (23 ears) had tympanoscleroses and 38 patients (41 ears) had otitis media with granulations .The cartilage grafts were used for tympanic perforation reparing in 133 patients (139 ears) ,for ossiculoplasty in 102 patients (104 ears) ,for attic reconstruction in 31 patients (31 ears) and for canal wall reconstruction of external auditory canal in 3 patients (3 ears) .The auditory outcome (0 .5 ,1 ,2 ,and 4 kHz pure tone average hearing threshold ,the average air-bone gap) and local architecture status were followed up for 1 year after surgery .Results In 133 patients (139 ears) with tympanic perforation ,the rate of successful repair of a tympanic membrame perforation in one -stage was 97 .84% with perforation repair in 136 ears and postoperative perforation in 3 ears .In 102 patients (104 ears) of os-siculoplasty ,there was no ossicular prostheses prolapse .In 31 patients (31 ears) of attic reconstruction ,no local graft shift or collapse was found .In 3 patients (3 ears) of external auditory canal repair ,no canal wall collapse occurred . In myringoplasty group (43 patients ,48 ears) ,preoperative and postoperative air -bone gap (ABG) was 23 .8 ± 3 .1 dB and 11 .6 ± 8 .7 dB ,respectively .In cholesteatoma group (61 patients ,61 ears ) ,preoperative and postoperative ABG were 39 .2 ± 24 .7 dB and 19 .0 ± 12 .1 dB ,respectively .In tympanosclerosis group (23 patients ,23 ears) ,pre-operative and postoperative ABG were 31 .2 ± 12 .4 dB and 19 .8 ± 11 .2 dB ,respectively .In otitis media with granu-lation group (38 patients ,41 ears) ,preoperative and postoperative ABG were 41 .6 ± 9 .9 dB and 15 .3 ± 13 .4 dB ,re-spectively .Conclusion Autogeneic cartilage is very valuable in hearing reconstruction surgery ,especially in compli-cated tympanic perforation ,combination with ossiculoplasty prostheses ,or reconstruction of mastoid cavity or exter-nal call wall defect .