Objective To analyze the causes and management of the late complications after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods The clinical data of 102 patients who were hospitalized for the late complications after TURP were analyzed retrospectively. Results The causes of readmission were residual prostatic hyperplasia for 32 patients (31.37%),bladder neck restriction for 22 patients (21.57%),urethral stricture for 18 patients (17.65%),hematuria for 15 patients (14.71%),epididymitis for 6 patients (5.88%),urinary tract infection for 4 patients (3.92%),carcinoma of prostate for 3 patients (2.94%),and neuropathic bladder dysfunction for 2 patients (1.96%). All patients were satisfied with their therapeutic efficacy after different treatments. Conclusion The main complications after TURP include residual prostatic hyperplasia,bladder neck restriction,urethral stricture and hematuria. Best therapeutic approach should be chosen according to different causes of the late complications after TURP.

ObjectiveTo probe the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic generalized myokymia.MethodsSeven patients with idiopathic generalized myokymia were analysed retrospectively.ResultsAll 7 patients showed prominent myokymia characterized by undulating and vermicular movements spreading across the muscle surface. The myokymia in gastrocnemius muscles in all cases. The myokymia also appeared in both upper extremities in 5 patients,and in faces,waist,back,abdomen and all extremities in 2 patients. Muscle rippling movement was induced and increased by exercise,and persistent during sleep. The vermicular myokymia could be observed easily in the relaxation of the muscles. Electromyography tests showed myokymic discharges in 5 patients,but normal in 2 patients. 5 patients of them were cured with carbamazepine and phenytoin sodium.ConclusionThere are typical clinical features and effective treatment in the patients with idiopathic generalized myokymia.

Objective To evaluate the surgical treatment for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus and the clinical significance of multidisciplinary treatment. Methods Two cases of renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava thrombus diagnosed by Doppler ultrasonography and CT were included in this retrospective analysis. The tumor thrombus was in level Ⅱ in one case and in level Ⅳ in the other. Coagulation test and complete blood count were done again before surgery. Human albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin complex, plasma, platelet, UW and irrigating solution were prepared before the operation.Under general anesthesia, surgery was performed using abdomen inverted Y shaped incision. Right radical nephrectomy was finished by the urological surgeon; the vena cava was completely dissected from the renal vein level to the secondary porta of the liver by the hepatobiliary surgeon, the vena cava and the surrounding branch vein were blocked in the upper and lower vena cava tumor thrombus; tumor thrombus was removed completely by the vascular surgeon. In one case (patient with level Ⅳ thrombus ) where the tumour thrombus invaded the wall of the vena cava, the thrombus was found to be extending to the cavo-atrial junction but not into the right atrium. The left femoral venous-right atrial bypass was established, the cardiopulmonary bypass lasted for 241 mia, and the aorta was blocked for 18 min. Salvage autotransfusion was used during surgery, and the hepatic vein of the secondary liver porta was anastomosed to artificial vascular graft.The data for surgical indication, operation time, operative blood loss and postoperative hospital stay were analyzed. Results Right radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava thrombectomy were performed successfully, and the two patients were discharged on the 15th and 27th day after surgery, respectively. The two patients were followed up for 1 and 16 months after surgery, respectively, and both survived without local recurrence and distant metastasis. Conclusion Radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava thrombectomy is the preferred method for patients without metastasis, and multidisciplinary cooperation could shorten the operation time, reduce the tumor recurrence and increase the survival rate of patients.

A novel white-rot fungus AH28-2,which was isolated from 224 fungi samples,ability to produce effectively laccase by induction.Several factors influencing laccase production were investigated.The optimum conditions were as follows:the 300mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 150mL of liquid medium was inoculated with 7.5mL of mycelial fragments and the medium was supplied with lignin at a concentration of 0.1%(initial pH8.5).The cultures was incubated at 28℃ on rotary shaker(150r/min) for 4～5 days.The maximum enzyme activity was 20184IU/L.

Objective To prospectively study the difference of urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase( UN-AG) and retinol binding protein(URBP) in contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Methods The clinical data of 150 patients undergoing coronary angiography were documented. The urine and blood samples before,24 hours after and 48～72 hours after the procedure were collected;Serum creatinine (SCr) and urinary ereatinine (UCr)were tested by enzymic method. UNAG and URBP were tested by ELISA in CIN and control group. CIN was defined as an increase in SCr of ≥44 μmol/L or >25% from baseline 48 ～72 h after the procedure. 27 age- , sex- , results of coro-nary angiography-matched cases were taken as control group. Results CIN was diagnosed in 13 of 150 patients (8.7%). In CIN group, UNAG/UCr were significantly higher than that in control group[ 1.97 (1.06,2.64) U/mmol vs 1.07 (0, 68,1.88 ) U/mmol, Z = 2.076, P = 0.039 ] before ;24 hours after the procedure, UNAG/UCr was signifi-cantly up-regulated in CIN group from baseline level [ 2.82 ( 1.88 ,4.26) U/mmol vs 1.97 (1.06,2.64) U/mmol, Z =2.607,P =0. 009]. ROC curve analysis showed that baseline UNAG could be used as an early predictor for CIN, the AUC =0. 776 ,P =0.023 ;when cut off value = 8.08 U/L,the sensitivity and specificity of UNAG were 0. 771 and 0. 713 respectively. The percentage of patients of UNAG over 8.08 U/L in CIN group was significantly higher than that in control group[77.1% (10/13) vs 29.6% (8/27) ,Z =2. 564,P =0. 011 ] ,the related risk factor is 5.58,95% CI was 1.24 ～ 25.08. Conclusion UNAG could be used as a predictor of CIN before the procedure and its postprocedure 24 h level maybe useful in early diagnosis after the procedure.

Objective To summary the experience of laparoscopic cystectomy ileal conduit (Bricker) and orthotopic ileal neo‐bladder (Hautmann) and compare the short‐term efficacy of the two types of urinary diversion for invasive bladder cancer . Methods Retorspective analysis of the patients in our hospital who accepted laparoscopic radical cystectomy from 2010 to 2014 was performed ,74 of them accepted ileal conduit ,and 30 of them accepted orthotopic ileal neobladder .The general clinical data ,postop‐erative recovery ,postoperative complications and Oncology feature were analyzed and compared between the two groups .Results There was no demonstrable difference was found in operation time ,blood loss ,intraoperative blood transfusion rate ,the number of removed lymph node ,average hospital stay ,specimens positive margin rate and postoperative pathology results between the two groups (P>0 .05) .But there were significant difference in postoperative intestinal function recovery time[(4 .2 ± 1 .4)d ,(5 .3 ± 2 .2)d] ,(P=0 .002) ,and the complication rates 31 .9% (23 cases)vs .53 .3% (16 case) ,P=0 .043 .After 6 months ,the daytime and nighttime urinary control were 76 .9% ,57 .7% ,after 12 months ,the daytime and nighttime urinary control increased to 90 .9% , 81 .8% .2 cases(7 .7% ) were diagnosed with recurrence or metastasis during follow‐up in Hautmann group ,while 9 cases(14 .1% ) were diagnosed with recurrence or metastasis in Bricker group .Conclusion Two kinds of surgical procedures both have the similar therapeutic effect ,but the postoperative quality of life is better for Hautmann orthotopic neobladder patients .

KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated human oncogenes. In spite of mounting efforts on the development of direct or indirect inhibition targeting KRAS, little has been achieved because of insurmountable difficulties, titling KRAS "undruggable". Recently, subtype-specific inhibitors have shown great hope. Some KRAS^G12C inhibitors have entered clinical trials, including adagrasib and sotorasib, and have shown preliminary clinical effectiveness. Experiences from the inhibitors targeting the downstream factors of RAS pathways show that the anticancer activity of these drugs will be limited due to the development of drug resistance. Preclinical studies of KRAS^G12C inhibitors have revealed that the application of these agents might be hampered by the drug resistance issue. The current review aims to describe the current status of KRAS^G12C inhibitors, and discuss the mechanisms underlying KRAS^G12C inhibitor resistance, so as to provide the clues for the combat of drug resistance.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of simultaneous blockade of CD40/CD40L and B7/CD28 pathways in the immune tolerance via co-expression of sCD40LIg and CTLA4Ig mediated by replication-defective adenovirus.

METHODSAd-sCD40LIg-IRES(2)-CTLA4Ig, replication-defective adenovirus co-expressing sCD40LIg and CTLA4Ig, was constructed and identified. The co-expression of sCD40LIg and CTLA4Ig was evaluated with confocal laser scanning microscope and Western blotting. Skin transplantations of C57BL/6 to BALB/c mice were performed. PBS, Ad-Shuttle-CMV and Ad-sCD40LIg-IRES(2)-CTLA4Ig were administered. Skin graft survival was monitored and the mRNA expression of both genes was evaluated in the skin allografts.

RESULTSAd-sCD40LIg-IRES(2)-CTLA4Ig was constructed successfully and identified. The co-expression of sCD40LIg and CTLA4Ig was identified with confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western blotting. Compared to the skin graft mean survival time (MST) of non-treated group ((5.75+/-0.71) d) or Ad-Shuttle-CMV-treated group ((5.50+/-0.53) d), the skin graft MST was dramatically prolonged in the Ad-sCD40LIg-IRES(2)-CTLA4Ig-treated group ((16.38+/-1.19) d, P<0.001). The mRNA expression of both genes was detected.

CONCLUSIONAd-sCD40LIg-IRES(2)-CTLA4Ig, a replication-defective adenovirus carrying genes encoding sCD40LIg and CTLA4Ig, was constructed. Simultaneous blockade of CD40/CD40L and B7/CD28 costimulatory pathway mediated by replication-defective adenovirus significantly prolonged skin allograft survival in mice.

Abatacept ; Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Graft Survival ; immunology ; Immunoconjugates ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin Transplantation ; immunology ; methods ; Transfection

The effect of sowing date on grain protein, hordein fraction content and malting quality of two-rowed spring barley was investigated by using ten commercial cultivars with different grain protein content and the relationships among these traits were examined. The results showed that grain protein content and B hordein content increased as the sowing date postponed and were significantly affected by sowing date, while C and D hordein contents were less influenced by sowing date. There were significant differences in grain protein and hordein fraction content among the ten cultivars. The coefficient of variation of D hordein content was much larger than that of B and C hordein contents, suggesting its greater variation caused by different sowing dates. Beta-amylase activity and diastatic power were also significantly affected by sowing date, with malt extract being less affected. Significant differences in measured malt quality were found among the ten cultivars. Grain protein was significantly correlated with B hordein and malt extract positively and negatively, respectively. There was no significant correlation between beta-amylase activity or diastatic power and grain protein content. B hordein was negatively and significantly correlated with malt extract, but no significant correlations between C hordein, D hordein and malting quality traits.
Edible Grain ; chemistry ; Food Analysis ; Food Technology ; Glutens ; Hordeum ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; metabolism ; Seeds ; growth & development ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate relationship between the expression of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) and lymphatic vessel formation in gastric cancer(GC), and to further clarify the possible ways of HGF promoting GC lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis.

METHODSThe expression of HGF, VEGF-C, c-Met and microlymphatic density(MLD) in tumor and non-tumor areas of 60 cases of GC and 20 cases of peptic ulcer (PU) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The relationships between MLD and clinicopathologic features of GC were analyzed.

RESULTSThe proteins of HGF, VEGF-C, and c-Met were overexpressed in GC tissues, which were significantly higher than those in normal gastric and PU tissues (P<0.001). The MLD of GC was also significant higher than those of normal gastric tissue and PU tissues (P<0.05). C-Met was expressed on enlarge lymphatic vessels in GC and PU tissues. MLD was positively correlated with the expression of HGF in GC (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONHGF as well as VEGF-C is a lymphangiogenic factor in GC. HGF can directly or indirectly stimulate lymphangiogenesis and contribute to lymphatic metastasis in GC.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphangiogenesis ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphatic Vessels ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; metabolism