Adult ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; virology ; Male ; Nose Neoplasms ; virology ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; virology

A 54-year-old female presented with indurated nodules and plaques on the left chest and back for 32 years.Skin examination showed little finger- to soybean-sized,slightly whitish indurated nodules with little mobility arising on skin-colored indurated plaques following Blaschko's lines on the left chest and back.The lesional skin was sclerotic and atrophic,and the lesions were distributed unilaterally.Serum levels of calcium,phosphate,alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone were normal.Histopathological examination revealed fibrous scar with flake-like calcification.The diagnosis was idiopathic calcinosis cutis following Blaschko's lines.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of4major caffeine metabolites and to discuss the significance of which in the evaluation of the activity of drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP1A2.METHODS:The caffeine metabolites in the urine like5-acetylamino-6-formamido-3-methyluric acid(AFMU),1-methyluric acid(1U),1-methylxanthine(1X)and1,7-dimethyluricacid(17U)were determined by RP-HPLC gradient elution method,the ratios of metabolins(AFMU+1X+1U)/17U was calculated,the frequency distribution histogram was drawn and the activity of CYP1A2was evaluated.RESULTS:The mean value of the ratio of the metabolins in the subjects was4.27,which was in normal distribution.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate and rapid,which is suitable for the determination of caffeine metabolites in urine and the study of the activities of CYP1A2.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between EGFR mutations and pulmonary tuberculosis in lung adenocarcino-ma. Methods:We detected EGFR mutations in 506 patients with lung adenocarcinoma by PCR amplification and sequencing and ana-lyzed the relationship between the mutations observed and pulmonary tuberculosis. Survival analysis was performed using the Ka-plan-Meier method with log-rank tests. Result:A total of 218 patients showed EGFR mutations;of these patients, 25 had a clinical his-tory of pulmonary tuberculosis. Compared with lung adenocarcinoma patients with no history of tuberculosis, patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis showed higher incidence rates of EGFR mutations, especially of exon 21 (P=0.047, P=0.002). Higher incidence rates of EGFR mutations, especially of exon 21, were observed in patients with lung cancer and tuberculosis in the same lobe or the same side of the lung than in those who had lung cancer and tuberculosis in opposite sides of the lung (P=0.02, P=0.03). Survival analy-sis showed that adenocarcinoma patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis have 2-year survival rates lower than that of adeno-carcinoma patients with no history of the disease (P=0.039). In patients adenocarcinoma associated with tuberculosis patients without EGFR-TKIs treatment, the 2-year survival rates of EGFR mutation patients and those without EGFR mutation showed no statistically significant difference (P=0.948). At the same time, we got the same results in adenocarcinoma associated with tuberculosis patients with EGFR-TKIs treatment (P=0.425). Conclusion:Lung adenocarcinoma patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis have high-er incidence rates of EGFR mutations, and EGFR mutations are not related to disease prognosis.

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging new biomedical imaging technique integrated with the high spatial resolution of ultrasonic imaging and high contrast of optical imaging for real-time molecular imaging.PAI is well-suited for in vivo cellular/molecular signatures imaging in cancer diagnosis, therapy management and treatment response, with a promising potential in clinical and translational medicine.This review summarizes the current state of PAI application research on cancer theranostics, and gives insights on future translational medicine research.

Objective To observe and analyze the CT and MR imaging of the structures in the region of the jugular foramen (JF) on the base of thin-slice anatomic study. Methods Having been scanned by multislice CT and 1.5T MR scanner, two formalin-preserved adult cadavers were dissected into 1.0 mm thickness contiguous sections in transverse plane. Twenty cases without skull base and nasopharyngeal history received routine and post-contrast CT examinations with spiral and HQ mode. Twenty healthy volunteers received MR scanning, including SE T 1WI, FSE T 2WI, and 3D RF-FAST (3D Radio-Frequency Fourier Acquired Steady-State) sequences. Results JF region was divided into three levels, which included inner aperture, the jugular cavity, and the outer aperture. At the entrance of JF, there were glossopharyngeal canal and vagal canal, which wrapped the Ⅸ nerve and Ⅹ and Ⅺ nerves, respectively. CT images could display these canals in 20 cases (100%). Furthermore, the Ⅸ, Ⅹ, and Ⅺ nerves could be identified on different MR sequences. 17 cases (85%) were displayed on 3D RF-FAST, 14 cases (70%) on SE T 1WI, and 10 cases (50%) on FSE T 2WI, respectively. From the anterior to the posterior compartment within the JF cavity, the structures ranged as follows: the Ⅸ nerve, the inferior petrosal sinus, the Ⅹ and Ⅺ nerves, and the jugular bulb. These neuro-vessel structures could not be distinguished on CT, SE T 1WI, and FSE T 2WI images, except for 3D RF-FAST (16 cases, 80%). The outer aperture of JF was adjacent to the hypoglossal canal. The shape of JF outer aperture could be evaluated on CT images. On the oblique plane, which was parallel to the hypoglossal canal, the posterior cranial nerves could be detected to enter/exit the skull through the JF and hypoglossal canal separately. Conclusion The complement of CT and MR imaging would be helpful to distinguish the structures in the region of JF.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of weekly docetaxel and cisplatin in previously untreated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Methods Between January 2002 and December 2003 ,34 patients with pathologically comfirmed advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma who had not received treatment were enrolled. The mean age was under 66 years. The patients received intravenous infusions of docetaxel(25 mg/m2,dayl ,8,15) with dexamethasone premedication and cisplatin(25 mg/m2,dayl ,8,15) ,followed by a week of rest. The remedies which were less than 6 regimens lasted to disease progression or severe toxicity. Therapeutic effect was evaluated by CT scan every two courses . The patients were followed up for 24 months. Descriptive statistics and SPSSIO. 0 software were used to analyse the results. Results 34 patients finished 90 courses. The mean was 2. 6 courses. All patients were followed up. Two patients achieved complete responses, ten patients achieved partial responses, ten patients achieved stable disease. An objective response rate of 35. 29% (95% confidence interval 19. 25%-51. 33% )was obtained. Patients life quality was significantly improved. The median time to progression was 4. 1 months, and median overall survival was 11 months. The 1-year survival rate was 47. 06% , the 2-year survival rate was 11.76% . Toxicities were mild. Grade 3 to 4 neutropenia (11.76%), anemia (5.88%), hyponatremia (5.88%), alopecie (17.64%) and nausea/vomiting (5. 88% ) were observed. Conclusion Weekly Cisplatin plus docetaxel is an effective and well-tolerated regimen in chemo-naive patients with advanced NSCLC. Well-designed clinical trials should be conducted.

Background Econazole nitrate is not effective as an antifungal eyedrop because of its poor intraocular permeability,therefore changing the formulation of econazole nitrate to improve its intraocular permeability become a critical point in the treatment of intraocular fungal infection. Objective The present study was to observe the penetration of 0.5％ econazole nitrate nanoparticles in the corneas and aqueous humors following its topicaladministration. Methods Econazole nitrate nanoparticles were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion.Characteristics and size of nanoparticles were examined with transmission electron microscope and laser scatteringmethod,respectively.Econazole nitrate nanoparticles drops (0.5％ )was topically administered in 27 New Zealandwhite rabbits bilaterally,and aqueous humor and corneas were obtained after the application of the eye drops for 5,15,30,45,60,90,120,180,240 minutes respectively to detect the concentration of econazole nitrate with highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3 p97pharmacokinetic computer software.The use of the animals followed the Regulation for the Administration of AffairsConcerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. Results The diameter of thenanoparticles was 50 nm with the round shape and encapsulation efficiency was 96.0％.Econazole nitrate nanoparticlesat the concentration of 0.5％ could be rapidly separated with other elements by HPLC with a lowest quantitativeconcentration of 0.1 mg/L.The mean recovery rates of econazole nitrate nanoparticles were 98.09％ in cornea and 99.66％ in aqueous humor,respectively after topical administration.The peak levels of econazole nitrate nanoparticles in cornea and aqueous humor were achieved at 5 minutes after application ( cornea:40.620 μg/g± 7.756 μg/g;aqueous humor:0.504 mg/L±0.153 mg/L),and its half-life( t1/2 )in cornea and aqueous humor was 23.5 minutes and 18.6 minutes,respectively. Conclusions Econazole nitrate nanoparticles at 0.5％ concentration can remain a feasible bioavailability in ocular tissue and therapeutic level in cornea and aqueous humor.

Background Researches showed that the content of nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) increases in blood,aqueous humor and tear of cataract patient.But the function of NO and NOS in cataract formation is still elusive.Objective The aim of this study was to explore the prevention and treatment effect of NOS inhibitor,1-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME),on galactose cataract.Methods Sixty clean three-week-old Wistar rats were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups.0.9％ Normal saline solution (30 ml/kg) was subcutaneously injected every day for 30 days in the rats of the control group,and 50％ of D-galactose solution (30 ml/kg) was used in the rats of the model and L-NAME group at the same way.L-NAME eye drops was simultaneously administered in the L-NAME group 3 times per day for 30 days.The eyes of the rats were examined under the slit lamp in 10,20 and 30 days,and the degree of lens opacification was scored.Lenses of the rats were obtained at the end of this experiment for the detect of NO,NOS contents.Flow cytometry was used to assay the caspase-3 level of rat lens.Repeated measurement two factor analysis of variance was used to analyze the difference of lens opacification scores in different groups and different time points,and one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences of NO,NOS and caspase-3 contents in lens among the groups.Results Lens opacification appeared in 10 days after injection of 50％ D-galactose solution in the rats of the model group and L-NAME group.Lens opacification score was higher among the different groups and different time points (Ftime =435.251,P =0.000 ;Fgroup =395.120,P=0.000).NO content in the lens was (0.45±0.15) μmol/g,(2.67 ± 0.47) μmol/g and (1.68±0.34) μmol/g in the control group,model group and L-NAME group,showing a significant difference (F=58.872,P=0.000).The NOS contents in the lens was (0.0160±0.0020) U/ml,(0.0370±0.0040) U/ml and (0.0270±0.0010) U/ml in the control group,model group and L-NAME group,showing a significant difference (F =66.174,P=0.000).Caspase-3 contents in the lens was (339.4 ± 37.9),(697.7 ± 46.5) and (650.7 ± 53.1),Showing a significant difference among them (F =100.005,P =0.000).Conclusions The increase of NO,NOS and caspase3 levels are associated with lens opacification.Topical administration of L-NAME eye drops can down-regulate NOS content in lens,reduce the NO formation and inhibit the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells.

Objective To investigate the effects on brain tissue p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and neuroprotective effect of edarvone after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in mice.Methods A total of 196 healthy male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups:a sham operation group,an ischemia-reperfusion group,a saline control group,and an edaravone group (n =49 in each group).A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mothod was used to induce a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model.At 2 h after ischemia,immediately after reperfusion in the edaravone group and the saline control group,edaravone (5 mg/kg) and the same volume of saline were injected intraperitoneally in mice,then repeated once every 24 h.At 2 h after MCAO,the brain water content and infarct volume at different time points after reperfusion (12 h,24 h,48 h,and 3 d) were measured respectively.At 24 h after MCAO,the expressions of AQP4 and p38 MAPK in the brain tissue of ischemic peripheral cortex were measured by Western blotting.Results The volumes of cerebral infarction (all P ＜ 0.01) and the brain water contents (all P ＜0.05) in the edaravone group were decreased than those in the ischemia-reperfusion group and saline control group at different time points,and they were most significant at 48 h.After 24-h reperfusion,the expression levels of AQP4 (0.985 ± 0.129,1.024 ± 0.117,0.713 ± 0.231) and phospho-p38 MAPK (1.123 ± 0.142,1.214 ± 0.096,0.986 ± 0.087) in the brain tissue of ischemic peripheral cortex in the ischemia-reperfusion group,the saline control group,and the edaravone group were upregulated significantly than those in the sham operation group (AQP4:0.265 ± 0.123;phospho-p38 MAPK:0.465 ±0.023;all P ＜0.01),but edaravone group were significantly lower than the ischemia-reperfusion group and the saline control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Edaravone can downregulate the expression level of AQP4 and effectively protect cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice,Its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway.