Recent studies have found that peptide therapies tar-geting specific epitopes can avoid nonspecific immune suppres-sion induced by traditional medicines for the treatment of autoim-mune diseases, and have shown great therapeutic effect in ani-mal models of autoimmune diseases and clinical trials. The pa-per summaries the research progress and trends of peptide drugs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases from candidate peptide sources and their suppression mechanisms, which can provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth understanding of immune toler-ance and allow for discovery of new treatment for autoimmune diseases.

Apoptosis ; Ceramides ; biosynthesis ; Sphingomyelins ; metabolism

This article describes the development,components and function of the laboratory automation system (LAS) and laboratory information system(LIS). And it also discusses the construction and application laboratory automation,and the operation of the automated laboratory information system.

Objective To investigate the effects of sIL-2R in plasma on regulatory T cells (Treg) in children with Kawasaki disease ( KD ) .Methods Thirty-three children with KD and fourteen age-matched healthy children were enrolled in this study .The proportions of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in pe-ripheral blood and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of phosphorylated-STAT5 (pSTAT5) protein in CD4+CD25+T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry .The concentrations of sIL-2R, IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 in plas-ma were measured by cytometric bead array ( CBA ) .Real-time PCR was performed to detect the gene ex-pressions of Foxp3, GITR, CTLA4, IL-2Rα, IL-2Rβand IL-2Rγat mRNA level as well as the expressions of IL-17A and ROR-γt at mRNA level in CD4+CD25-T cells.Results (1) Compared with the control group, the proportions of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in peripheral blood from patients with KD and the expressions of associated factors including Foxp 3, GITR and CTLA-4 at mRNA level were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05).However,the expressions of IL-17A and ROR-γt at mRNA level in Th17 cells were markedly up-regulated (P<0.05), which could be recovered to some extent after treatment with IVIG (P<0.05).(2)The expressions of pSTAT5 protein in CD4+CD25+T cells from patients with acute KD were sig-nificantly decreased (P<00.5 ), but increased with IVIG intervention (P<0.05).(3)The concentrations of sIL-2R in plasma were elevated during acute KD (P<0.05), but decreased after treatment with IVIG (P<0.05).Moreover, KD patients with coronary artery lesion ( KD-CAL+) presented a high level of sIL-2R than those without coronary artery lesion (KD-CAL-) (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the concentrations of IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 in plasma between two groups (P>0.05).(4)The expressions of IL-2Rαand IL-2Rβat mRNA level in CD4+CD25+T cells from patients with acute KD were lower than those of the healthy subjects (P<0.05), but up-regulated to some extent with IVIG treatment (P<0.05).There was no significant change in the expression of IL-2Rγat mRNA level (P>0.05).The concentrations of sIL-2R in plasma were negatively correlated with the expressions of IL-2Rβand Foxp3 at mRNA level and pSTAT5 at protein level (P<0.05).The expression of pSTAT5 protein had positive correlation with the ex-pression of Foxp3 at mRNA level (P<0.05).Conclusion Aberrant IL-2/STAT5 signaling pathway media-ted by significantly increased concentration of sIL-2R in plasma might be one of the factors leading to down-regulation of Treg cells in patients with acute KD .

Objective To investigate the efficacy of four antiviral solutions for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment .Methods 240 cases of patients with CHB were selected ,divided into four groups (group A ,group B ,group C and group D) ,and treated with lamivudine ,adefovir dipivoxil ,adefovir dipivoxil/lamivudine ,and entecavir ,respectively .The recovery rates of ALT and AST ,HBV DNA and its negative conversion rates ,and HBeAg/HBeAb conversion rates of the four groups were compared respectively after 12 ,24 and 48 weeks treatment .And the YMDD mutation rates were compared after 48 weeks treatment .Results The recovery rates of ALT and AST ,HBV DNA and its negative conversion rates ,HBeAg/HBeAb conversion rates ,HBeAg/HBeAb conversion rates of group C and group D were significantly better than those of group A and group B (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The antiviral so‐lutions of adefovir dipivoxil/lamivudine and entecavir are two kinds of rational treatment .

0.05).However,the level of PRG-1 protein in cerebral cortex of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group at 7 d(t=2.347,P=0.041).Conclusion The up-regulated expression of PRG-1 in cerebral cortex may be associated with the recurrent neonatal seizure-induced brain damage.

[Objective] To analyze the frequency,type of chromosome 1 clonal abnormalities in hematologic malignancies,and to understand the clinical and biological significance of its occurrence.[Methods] Retrospectively analyzed of 256 cases of patients with hematologic malignancies cytogenetic R banding karyotype analysis [Results].Summarized the abnormal chromosomel karyotype and clinical data summary and combined with literature review.Results There were 25 samples with clonal disorder of chromosome 1 in 256 cases of patients with malignant hematologic disease,accounting for 9.8 percent of the total samples,including ALL-L2,ANLL-M2,MDS,MM,lymphoma with bone marrow involvement,CML with accelerated phase and blast crisis,plasma cell leukemia and chronic myelogenous monocytic leukemia.The types of the clonal disorder included chromosome 1 translocation with other chromosomes[including 3cases with t(1;19),and 2 cases with t(1;4)],there were 7 cases with chromosome 1 the increase or missing partly, and 7cases with increasing a full or partial deletion of chromosome 1,and also 3 cases with isochromosome of 1q.t(1 ; 19) can be found in B lymphocyte proliferative diseases,while t(1;14) was found in T-ALL.The clinical efficacy and short survival were found in 20 patients with chromosome 1 clonal abnormalities. [Conclusion] Chromosome I clonal abnormalities in hematologic malignancies is common in acute leukemia,MDS,MM,and atypical abnormality is more than typical abnormality.It is common in chromosome 1 translocation with other chromosomes,lq-trisomy.The recurrent chromosome abnormalities is t (1;19) and t (1;14),which is related with the leukemia immune phenotype.lq-trisoiny and amplification of 1q21 is effective in the therapy and guide the prognosis of MDS and MM.

Neurosurgical emergencies including intracranial hemorrhage and head trauma have high mortality and morbidity rates and meanwhile are often accompanied with coagulation disorders. On one hand, coagulation disorder follows traumatic brain injury;on the other hand, the increasing use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet treatment for cardiovascular diseases increases the risk of death among patients with brain trauma or bleeding. Once the intracranial pressure increases, such patients need emergency surgical intervention, but coagulation disorder is a relative contraindication. This article reviews the pathogenesis and treatment of coagulation disorders in patients with neurosurgical emergency. It also analyzes clinical monitoring indices for such patients and their variations and summarizes the strategies and measures of perioperative management.
Blood Coagulation Disorders ; complications ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Brain Injuries ; complications ; surgery ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; complications ; surgery

Objective To describe the hemodynamic characteristics of normal pancreas and pancreatic tumors by 64 slices helical CT perfusion imaging, to evaluate the role of CT perfusion in the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. Methods Perfusion CT scan was performed in 149 patients, including 36 patients with normal pancreas, 105 patients with pancreatic tumors and 8 patients with duodenal papillary carcinoma. The parameters including blood flow (BF) ,blood volume (BV) and permeability surface area product (PS) were measured. Results The mean value of BF, BV and PS of normal pancreas were (135.24±48.36) ml· min-1·kg-1, (200.55±54.96)ml/kg and (49.75±24.27) ml·min-1·kg-1, respectively. Pancreatic carcinoma has a lower BF, BV and PS,whieh were 31.77±19.36 ml·min-1· kg-1, (66.84±39.49)ml/kg and (37.64±27.14) ml·min-1·kg-1, respectively. The aforementioned parameters in pancreatic cysts were close to zero. The parameters in pancreatic carcinoma were significantly lower than those in normal pancreas(P<0.05); the BF and BV in duodenal papillary carcinoma were significantly lower than those in normal pancreas(P<0.05), while the value of PS was not significantly different from that in normal pancreas; the aforementioned parameters in pancreatic cysts were significantly different from those in normal pancreas(P <0.01). Conclusions In perfu sion CT, normal pancreas was an organ with symmetrical BF,BV and PS. Pancreatic carcinoma was a tumor with low perfusion and decreased PS. Duodenal papillary carcinoma had decreased BF and BV with no significant change in PS. Pancreatic cyst had no blood perfusion. The 64 slice helical CT peffusion imaging was invaluable in differential diagnosis of pancreatic tumors.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of MUC1,MUC2,MUC4 and MUC5AC in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDA).Methods To analyze the expression profiles of MUC1,MUC2,MUC4 and MUC5AC in PDA(n=26),chronic pancreatitis(CP,n=4),normal pancreas(n=16)and intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm(IPMN)(n=2),solid-pseudo-papillary tumor of pancreas(SPT)(n=4),serous cystic neoplasm(SCN)(n=1)using immunohistochemistry.Results Positive staining with MUC1 Was exclusively found in normal pancreas and CP tissues(100%);the expression of MUC1,MUC4 and MUCSAC in PDA was 100%,88.5%(23/26)and 76.9%(20/26)in PDA tissue;MUC2 and MUC5AC were expressed in 2 samples of IPMN;none of the four mucins were expressed in Sfrr and SCN.There was no association between the expression of MUC4,MUC5AC and the clinicopathologic parameters in PDA(P＞0.05).Conclusions Multiple mucins were expressed in PDA.Measurement of the mucin profile including all 4 mueins(MUC1,MUC2,MUC4,and MUC5AC)may be helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PDA.