Tangcao pill is commonly applied in adjuvant and even alternative therapy for patients with AIDS. However, the herb contains complex ingredients, but with unknown effect against anti-HIV drug and unknown function. Because CYP450 emzyme is the main metabolic enzymes of the drug, it is of important significance to study the regulation of CYP450 enzymes before and after the combined administration of Tangcao pill and EFV. Proteomics, due to its high throughout and high sensitivity, has been widely applied in CYP450 enzyme study. In this paper, liver microsomes were separated through differential centrifugation. Their proteins were separated through SDS-PAGE. The three protein bands that CYP450 enzymes were located were cut and identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Totally 16 CYP450 isoenzymes were identified. Furthermore, in order to make a quantitative analysis on the effect of tang herb on CYP450 emzyme, the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) technology based on MS was adopted. The CYP2C11 was selected based on the results of the mass spectrum identification of proteins. The characteristic polypeptides were obtained through searching Expasy blast database. The m/z of the fragment ions was less than 800. In the paper, the m/z of ion pairs of CYP2C11 were 711.5/232.1, 711.5/319.2, 711.5/466.2 and 711.5/595.3, and the m/z of ESAT-6 (internal standard, IS) were 735.5/215.3, 735.5/389.3, 735.5/460.3 and 735.5/524.3. The relative peak (analyte/IS) area was adopted for the relative quantitative analysis. Compared with the EFV single administration group, the EFV and Tangcao pill combined administration group showed a 1.6-fold increase in CYP2C11. The results of the paper indicated that Tangcao pill may affect drug metabolism by regulating metabolic enzymes such as CYP2C11, but the specific mechanism still unknown.
Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver ; chemistry ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Proteomics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Elliptocytosis, Hereditary ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Nerve injury produces a long lasting neuropathic pain, manifested as allodynia, a decrease in pain threshold and hyperalgesia, an increase in response to noxious stimuli. The mechanism underlying the lasting abnormal pain is not well understood. Our previous works have shown that electrical tetanic stimulation of the sciatic nerve induces long-term potentiation (LTP) of C-fiber evoked field potentials in the spinal dorsal horn, which is considered as a synaptic model of pathological pain. In the present study we tested if nerve injury, which is proved to produce neuropathic pain, induced the spinal LTP in intact rats. C-fiber evoked field potentials in spinal dorsal horn produced by electrical stimulation (10-20 V, 0.5 ms, 1/min) of the sciatic nerve were recorded. For induction of LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials, three types of noxious stimuli were applied. (1) Electrical tetanic stimulation (40 V, 0.5 ms pulses at 100 Hz for 1 s repeated four times at 10 s intervals). (2) Transection of the sciatic nerve at 4-5 mm distal to the stimulation electrode. (3) Crushing the sciatic nerve with a forceps four times at 4-5 mm distal to stimulation electrode (from distal to proximal with 1 mm spacing at 10 s intervals), which simulated electrical tetanic stimulation. Acute nerve injury was made by either transection of the sciatic nerve at the distal to the stimulating electrode or crushing the sciatic nerve. We found that nerve injury by cutting or crushing the sciatic nerve produced LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials lasting until the end of the experiments (3-9 h), and that pretreatment of the sciatic nerve with lidocaine 10 min prior to the nerve transectoin completely blocked LTP induced by nerve transection. The nerve transection-induced LTP was blocked by NMDA receptor antagonist AP5. LTP produced by nerve transection could not be further potentiated by electrical tetanic stimulation, while LTP induced by single electrical tetanic stimulation could be further potentiated by transection of the sciatic nerve. However, when LTP was saturated by several times of electrical tetanic stimulation, nerve transection did not affect the spinal LTP. We conclude that acute nerve injury induces LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials in intact animals and that nerve transection is more powerful than electrical tetanic stimulation for induction of the spinal LTP. The results further support the notion that LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials may underlie neuropathic pain.
Animals ; Evoked Potentials ; physiology ; Long-Term Potentiation ; physiology ; Male ; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated ; physiology ; Neural Pathways ; drug effects ; physiology ; Nociceptors ; physiology ; Posterior Horn Cells ; enzymology ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sciatic Nerve ; injuries ; physiology ; Spinal Cord ; physiology

Amniotic Fluid ; metabolism ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Embolism, Amniotic Fluid ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Keratin-13 ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Aspiration ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo assess the short term curative efficacy and long-term survival outcomes of severe aplastic anemia patients following antithymocyte globulin/lymphoglobulin (ATG/ALG) with or without cyclosporine (CsA).

METHODSA total of 345 cases hospitalized in our hospital between December 1982 and June 2011 were enrolled into this study. We assessed the response rates 3 and 6 months after ATG/ALG, and estimated the overall survival (OS) by Kaplan-Meier method for this cohort of patients.

RESULTSThe cohort of 345 patients was routinely followed-up with a median follow-up of 44.0 (range, 0.5 - 244.0) months. The response rates at 3 and 6 months were 29.9% and 45.4%, respectively. The differences in response rates at both 3 (39.2% vs 19.6%, P < 0.01) and 6 months (55.6% vs 34.0%, P < 0.01) between 184 non-severe aplastic anemia (mSAA) and 161 very severe aplastic anemia (VSAA) were statistically significant. The response rates among the different ATG preparations were comparative; but 3-(10.6%) and 6-month (25.5%) responses produced by rATG-Fresenius were significantly inferior to those by rATG-Sangstat (36.6% and 56.6%, respectively) (all P < 0.01). The 5-year OS was 61.7% (95%CI 55.4% - 68.0%) for the entire cohort of patients, and 5-year OS for mSAA patients \[71.0% (95%CI 62.9% - 79.1%)\] was superior to that of VSAA patients \[50.4% (95%CI 40.1% - 60.7%), P < 0.01\]; but for the patients treated from 2007, the difference of OS in the last 5 years between VSAA and mSAA was not significant \[ 73.7% (95%CI 52.2% - 95.2%) vs 89.7% (95%CI 79.5% - 99.9%); P = 0.24\]. Our study also confirmed the superiority of ATG/ALG + CsA regimen \[64.8% (95%CI 57.9% - 71.7%)\] over ATG/ALG alone \[32.6% (95%CI 15.7% - 49.5%)\] with regard to 5-year OS (P < 0.01); but the addition of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) to ATG/ALG had no benefit in terms of OS. rATG-S produced significantly better 5-year OS \[66.1% (95%CI 55.8% - 76.4%)\] than rATG-F \[46.6% (95%CI 35.9% - 57.3%); P < 0.01\].

CONCLUSIONS(1) The outcome of mSAA was superior to that of VSAA, but the latter was markedly improved in the last 5 years; (2) rATG-F was inferior to rATG-S with regard to 5-year OS; (3) Immunosuppressive treatment with ATG/ALG plus CsA was more effective than ATG/ALG alone; (4) The addition of rhG-CSF to ATG/ALG had no benefit in terms of OS.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anemia, Aplastic ; therapy ; Antilymphocyte Serum ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical significance of genetic detection and changes of red cell enzyme activities of pyrimidine 5' nucleotidase (P5'N), pyruvate kinase (PK) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) in patients with α-thalassaemia (α-thal).

METHODSThree α-thal patients were further processed to gene detection by PCR-trans-dot blot and gap-PCR, and red cell enzymes activities by absorbance at 260 and 280 nm (A) for P5'N and fluorescence spot test for PK and G-6-PD.

RESULTSRed cells in 3 α-thal cases were microcytic hypochromic with obvious augmented target cells and basophilic stippling erythrocytes. Two patients had anemia, splenomegaly, hyperbilirubinemia and augmented LDH. HbH was positively identified by hemoglobin electrophoresis and hemoglobin cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis; the other patient had no such abnormalities. Genotypes of 3 patients were of (-α(3.7)/--(SEA)), (αα(QS)/--(SEA))and (--(SEA)), respectively. The activity of P5'N (but not for PK and G-6-PD) in red cell reduced.

CONCLUSIONSThis is the first documented α-thal with P5'N deficiency. Genetic detection might be clinical significant for the diagnosis and pedigree screening of α-thal.

5'-Nucleotidase ; deficiency ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Erythrocytes ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; alpha-Thalassemia ; enzymology ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo analyze clinical characteristics and therapy of pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDRAB) infection and explore the methods for effective therapy and prevention of this infection.

METHODSNine hospitalized patients with PDRAB infection confirmed by pathogen and susceptibility testing were analyzed for the risk factors and the treatment outcomes were assessed by case analysis.

RESULTSPDRAB infections occurred mainly in patients with severe complications, most of whom had complications by diabetes or hypertension or damaged mucosal integrity due to mechanical ventilation, surgery and catheterization. The polymyxin sensitivity were 100% for these infections, but all the bacteria identified showed a antimicrobial resistance rates of 100%. The majority of the infections were acquired during hospitalization occurring mainly in the lungs; all the patients had prolonged hospitalization and received antibiotic treatments with high proportions of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents especially third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones. Exclusive or sequential use of carbapenems and sulbactam in combination with quinolone or aminoglycoside produced favorable effects.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hospital-acquired pan-resistance of PDRAB infections increased significantly in recent years, particularly in patients with high risk factors. The widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may have some relevance to drug resistant occurrence. The application of carbapenems or sulbactam, or their sequential use, in combination with other agents may produce good effects.

Acinetobacter Infections ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; drug effects ; Anti-Infective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cross Infection ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged

Objective: To analyze clonal evolution and clinical significance of trisomy 8 in patients with acquired bone marrow failure. Methods: The clinical data of 63 patients with acquired bone marrow failure accompanied with isolated trisomy 8 (+8) from June 2011 to September 2018 were analyzed retrospectively, the clonal evolution patterns and relationship with immmunosuppressive therapy were summarized. Results: Totally 24 male and 39 female patients were enrolled, including 39 patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and 24 patients with relatively low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) . Mean size of+8 clone in MDS patients[65% (15%-100%) ]was higher than that of AA patients[25% (4.8%-100%) , z=3.48, P=0.001]. The patients were was divided into three groups (<30%, 30%-<50%,and ≥50%) according to the proportion of+8 clone. There was significant difference among the three groups between AA[<30%:55.6% (20/36) ; 30-50%: 22.2% (8/36) ; ≥50%22.2% (8/36) ]and MDS patients[<30%:19.0% (4/21) ; 30%-<50%:19.0% (4/21) ; ≥50%61.9% (13/21) ] (P=0.007) . The proportion of AA patients with+8 clone <30% was significantly higher than that of MDS patients (P=0.002) ; and the proportion of AA patients with+8 clone ≥50%was significantly lower than that of MDS patients (P=0.002) . The median age of AA and MDS patients was respectively 28 (7-61) years old and 48.5 (16-72) years old. Moreover, there was no correlation between age and+8 clone size in AA or MDS (r_s=0.109, P=0.125; r_s=-0.022, P=0.924, respectively) . There was statistical difference in total iron binding capacity, transferrin and erythropoietin between high and low clone group of AA patients (P=0.016, P=0.046, P=0.012, respectively) , but no significant difference in MDS patients. The immunosuppressive therapy (IST) efficacy of AA and MDS patients was respectively 66.7% and 43.8% (P=0.125) . Comparing with initial clone size (27.3%) , the +8 clone size (45%) of AA patients was increased 1-2 year after IST, but no statistical difference (z=0.83, P=0.272) . Consistently, there was no significant change between initial clone size (72.5%) and 1-2 year clone size (70.5%) after IST in MDS patients. There was no significant difference in IST efficient rate between +8 clone size expansion and decline group of in AA patients at 0.5-<1, 1-2 and>2 years after IST. We found four dynamic evolution patterns of +8 clone, which were clone persistence (45%) , clone disappearance (30%) , clone emergence (10%) and clone recurrence (15%) . Conclusions AA patients had a low clone burden, while MDS patients had a high burden of +8 clone. The +8 clone of AA patients didn’t significantly expanded after IST, and the changes of +8 clone also had no effect on IST response.

By using stereological morphometric techniques, we examined the ultrastructure of synapses in lamine II of the spinal dorsal horn of Sprague Dawley rats 30 min, 3 h and 5 h after long-term potentiation (LTP) induction. We found that the numerical density per unit volume (Nv) of total synapses, the thickness of the postsynaptic density (PSD), width of the synaptic cleft increased significantly after the establishment of LTP. (1) Thirty minutes after the formation of LTP, the thickness of the PSD increased from 0.029 +/-0.0064 microm (control) to 0.036 +/-0.009 microm (P<0.05) and the width of the synaptic cleft increased from 0.0181+/-0.0024 microm (control) to 0.0197+/-0.0029 microm (P< 0.05); the number of synaptic vesicles decreased from 0.122 +/-0.011/microm(2) to 0.085 +/-0.010/microm(2) (P<0.05); (2) 3 h after the formation of LTP, the thickness of PSD and the width of the synaptic cleft had no difference compared with those 30 min after LTP. The number of synaptic vesicles increased from 0.122 +/-0.011/microm(2) to 0.138 +/-0.015/microm(2); the curvature of the synaptic interface increased from 1.153+/-0.195 to 1.386 +/-0.311 (P<0.05, compared with control). Nv of negative synapses increased from 0.0187 +/-0.0056 to 0.0543 +/-0.0152 (P<0.05, compared with control), Nv of perforated synapses also increased from 0.0135 +/-0.0053 to 0.0215 +/-0.0076 (P<0.05, compared with control). These data suggest that the increase in thickness of PSD might be the major morphological change during the induction of LTP, while the increase in curvature of the synaptic interface, and the number of perforated synapses might be responsible for the maintenance of the spinal LTP.
Animals ; Long-Term Potentiation ; physiology ; Male ; Posterior Horn Cells ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Rats ; Spinal Cord ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Synapses ; ultrastructure ; Synaptic Transmission ; Synaptic Vesicles ; ultrastructure