Objective:To study the infuence of chemotherapy combined with thymopetidum on cellular immunity of the patients with late gastrointestinal malignant tumor.Method:80 cases in the present study were divided into two groups:treatment group(40 cases treated by thymopetidum and chemotherapy) and controlled group(40 cases treated by chemotherapy only).25 cases without malignant tumors were grouped as a normal group.The activity of T-lymphocyte subgroup and its cytokines as IL-2(Th_1 ) and IL-10(Th2) in the peripheral blood of the treatment group were investigated before the treatment and on the tenth day after the treatment for two cycles.A statistical study was done between the two groups.Result:Before the treatment,T-lymphocyte subset(CD_3~+.CD_4~+ and the ratio of CD_4~+/CD_8~+ ) and IL-2 of the patients with gatrointestinal malignant tumor were lower than those of the normal group.The values of CD_8~+ and IL-10 were obviously increased,compared with those of the normal group.After the treatment for two cycles,CD_3~+,CD_4~+ and the ratio of CD_4~+ /CD_8~+ were higher respectively than those before the treatment in the two groups,and the changes in the tested group were higher than those in the controlled group.IL-2 of the tested group was lower respectively and its IL-10 was higher than before the treatment,but there was no significant difference for the controlled group.The efficiency of the tested group was higher than that of the controlled group.Conclusion:The immunity of T-lymphocyte subgroup was suppressed in the patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumor and the expression of Th2 type cytokines was enhanced.The cellular immunity of patients was improved by killing tumor cells and removing the immunosuppressive agents after the chemotherapy together with thymopetidum.

Objective To assess the safety of intrathecal administration of betamethasone.MethodsTwenty-four adult white rabbits of both sexes were randomly divided into four groups with 6 rabbits in each group.Group Ⅰ (blank control group)in which nothing was injected intrathecally;group Ⅱ(NS control group)in whichnormal saline(NS)0.2ml was injected into the subarachnoid space through great occipital foramen once a weekand the animals were killed at the end of the 3rd week;in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ betamethasone 200 ?g or 400 ?g in 0.2ml was injected intrathecally once a week instead of NS.The animals were anesthetized and killed by intra-aorticinjection of NS and 2% glutaraldehyde.The cervical section of the spinal cord(C_(1-6))was immediately removedand fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde for microscopic examination.Results No neural histo-pathologic changes shownby microscopic examination were observed in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ.In group Ⅲ and Ⅳ microscopic examination showeddifferent degrees of swelling and demyelination of the nerve fibers and edema and vacuolization ofmitochondria.Conclusion Intrathecal betamethasone can damage the spinal cord.

Objective To observe the protective effect of N-NAC on radiation-induced lung injury. Methods 86 cases of thoracic neoplasm patients were chosen and randomly divided into two groups,group RT +N(n =43)and group RT(n =43).Two groups were observed by CT after radiotherapy.Acute and chronical toxicities were graded by RTOG.TGF-β1,IL-1,IL-4,TNF were observed before and after the radiotherapy.Results After 3 monthsof radiotherapy,RTOG≥2 was 23.4%(RT +N),while RTOG≥2 was 53.1%(RT).there was significant differencebetween the two groups(P <0.01).At 6,9 and 12 months,fibrosis was present in 28.4%,25.4%,22.4% receivingRT vs 58.4%,54.4%,52.4% receiving RT +N,there was significant difference between the two groups(P <0.05).TGF-β1,IL-1,IL-4,TNF were observed which showed that The RT +N were lower than RT.Conclusion N-NAC can reduce incidence rate of lung injury in radiotherapy,and can reduce the content and the release of TGF-β1,IL-1,IL-4,TNF.

The chemical constituents from Euphorbia lunulata was investigated in this paper. Fourteen compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatographies on silica gel and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by physiochemical properties and NMR data analysis as lupeol (1), euphol (2), cassipourol(3) , 24-methylenecycloartan-3beta-ol (4), 24-hydroperoxycycloart-25-en-3beta-ol (5), 25-hydroperoxycycloart-23-en-3beta-ol (6), betulin (7), uvaol (8), (23E) -25-methoxycycloart-23-en-3beta-ol (9), (23E) -cycloart-23,25-dien-3beta-ol (10), 24-methylenecycloartan-3beta, 28-diol (11), salicinolide (12), 2alpha, 3beta, 5alpha, 9alpha, 15beta-pentaacetoxy-11,12-epoxy-7beta, 8alpha-diisobutyryloxyjatropha-6 (17) -en-14-one (13) and 3beta, 5alpha, 15beta-triacetoxy-7beta-isobutyryloxy-9alpha-nicotinoyloxyjatropha-6 (17), 11(E)-dien-14-one (14). Among them, compounds 1-11 were isolated from E. lunulata for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Stereoisomerism

On account of the dense cuticles of the fresh stem and the light, hard and pliable texture of the dried stem, Dendrobii Caulis is difficult to dry or pulverize. So, it is very important to the ancient doctors that Dendrobii Caulis should be properly treated and applied to keep or evoke its medicinal effects. The current textual research results about the preliminary processing, processing and usage methods of Dendrobii Caulis showed that: (1) In history the clinical use of fresh or processed Dendrobii Caulis as teas and tinctures were very common. (2) Its roots and rhizomes would be removed before using. (3) Some ancillary approaches were applied to shorten drying times, such as rinsing with boiling mulberry-ash soup, washing or soaking with liquor, mixing with rice pulp and then basking, etc. (4) According to the ancients knowledge, the sufficient pulverization, by means of slicing, rasping, hitting or pestling techniques, was necessary for Dendrobii Caulis to take its effects. (5) The heat processing methods for Dendrobii Caulis included stir-baking, stir-frying, steaming, decocting and stewing techniques, usually with liquor as an auxiliary material. Among above mentioned, steaming by pretreating with liquor was most commonly used, and this scheme was colorfully drawn in Bu Yi Lei Gong Pao Zhi Bian Lan (Ming Dynasty, 1591 CE) ; moreover, decocting in advance or long-time simmering so as to prepare paste products were recommended in the Qing Dynasty. (6) Some different processing programs involving stir-baking with grit, air-tightly baking with ondol (Kangs), fumigating with sulfur, which appeared in modern times and brought attractive outward appearance of the drug, went against ancients original intentions of ensuring drug efficacy.
Dendrobium ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; history

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and the mid-term effects of unilateral pedicle screw fixation and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in treating lumbar degenerative diseases.

METHODSFrom August 2005 to May 2010, 56 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases underwent lumbar posterolateral fusion,their clinical data were retrospective analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups (unilateral group and bilateral group) according to fixation methods,27 patients in unilateral group who were underwent unilateral pedicle screw fixation, including 18 males and 9 females with a mean age of (57.5 ± 7.1) years old (ranged from 41 to 66 years); and 29 patients in bilateral group who were treated with bilateral pedicle screw fixation (on the basis of the above, with contralateral vertebral pedicle screw fixation), including 19 males and 10 females with a mean age of (54.6 ± 5.1) years old (ranged from 43 to 68 years). The clinical data such as operation time, blood loss volume, hospitalization time and cost were compared between two groups. JOA score system was used to evaluate the neurological function. And fusion status and cage-related complication were also analyzed.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 36 to 60 months with an average of 45.8 months. No iatrogenic nerve, blood vessels or organs injury were found during operation. Operation time, blood loss volume, hospitalization time and cost in unilateral group were better than that of bilateral group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in JOA score between two groups (P > 0.05). Two patients in unilateral group developed with cage related complications, 1 case was cage displacement and 1 case was cage subsidence, while 2 patients in bilateral group developed with complications of no-fusion, and there was no significant differences between two groups (P = 0.58).

CONCLUSIONUnilateral pedicle screw fixation is a satisfactory method and can obtain good effects in treating lumbar degenerative diseases in mid-term, however, the indications should be well considered.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedicle Screws ; Spinal Fusion ; methods

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of tacrolimus on the migration of Langerhans′ cells. Methods The concentration of MCP-1 in the cultured supernatants of HaCaT cell treated with tacrolimus was determined by ELISA. The expression level of MCP-1 mRNA in HaCaT cell treated with tacrolimus was studied by RT-PCR method. Results The concentration of MCP-1 in HaCaT cell treated with 625 ～ 5 000 ng/mL of tacrolimus was significantly decreased. The expression level of MCP-1 mRNA was also markedly decreased. Conclusions Tacrolimus may probably decrease the expression of MCP-1 in keratinocytes and suppress the chemotactic ability of Langerhans′ cells precursor and Langerhans′ cells, thus inhibiting or diminishing certain local immunoreaction.

Emergency medicine and critical care medicine are the new contents in standardized training of residency.The system of standardized training residency lacks for a traditional way to refer.According to the characteristic of the subjects and the practical situation,this paper discusses the methods of training in studying basic theory,idea education,improving technology and strain capability on improving the capability of standardized training residency in internal intensive medicine.

Objective To investigate the effect of tea polyphenols (TP) on renal damage in rats model induced by D-galactose. Methods Rats were injected with D-galactose (150 mg/kg?d),ip for 8 w,to induce renal damage. From the 3rd week,TP (150,75,37.5 mg/kg?d),aminoguanidine (150 mg/kg) and vitamin E (150 mg/kg) were administered with D-galactose for 6 w. After treatment,fasting blood glucose and 2 h blood glucose in oral glucose tolerance test were measured. The levels of HbA1C and fructosamine in serum,the activity of aldose reductase and content of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in plasma and in kidney tissues and the activity of SOD,GSH-Px,and the contents of MDA in kidney tissues were measured,and 24h urinary protein,blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) were detected. The apoptosis of renal cells were detected by flow cytometer. Results After treatment of D-galactose for 8 w,2h glucose level in oral glucose talerance test was increased significantly,the activity of aldose reductase and the content of AGES were increased significantly in blood. The levels of AGEs and MDA in renal tissues were also enhanced significantly. However,the activities of SOD and GSH-Px decreased. Additionally,the contents of 24h urine protein,BUN,Cr and the apoptotic rate of renal cells were increased significantly. High and middle dose of TP could can decrease the activity of aldose reductase in red blood cells,and inhibit the formation of glycation products in model rats induced by D-galactose. Also,TP could enhance the antioxidative activities and decrease the contents of AGEs and MDA in renal tissues. Mesnwhile,24h urine protein,BUN and Cr and the apoptotic rate of renal cells were increased significantly. Conclusion TP can inhibit glycation reaction induced by D-galactose and then protect renal from damage caused by glycation.

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to investigate the therapeutic benefits of intravenous Xuebijing on acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats with paraquat intoxication. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided equally into three groups:sham group (n=8), paraquat group (n=8) and Xuebijing-treated group (n=8) using a random number table. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg of paraquat. One hour after paraquat administration, the rats were treated intravenously with Xuebijing (8 mL/kg). At 12 hours after paraquat administration, serum was collected to evaluate kidney function, then the rats were sacrificed and kidney samples were immediately harvested. AKI scores were evaluated by renal histopathology and pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA levels in kidney were assayed using real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: Serum urea nitrogen, creatinine and AKI scores were significantly higher in the paraquat group, compared with the sham group (P<0.05, respectively). Moreover, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA levels were significantly higher in the paraquat group (P<0.01, respectively). However, intravenous Xuebijing significantly decreased serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, AKI scores and IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA levels, compared with the paraquat group (P<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Intravenous Xuebijing attenuates AKI fol owing paraquat poisoning by suppressing inflammatory response.