Otolaryngology

Objective To explore advantages of simulation-based medical education for overseas students on training of anesthcsia emergency skills.Methods twenty eight oversea students accepting anesthesia practice course were divided into two groups,each group fourteen.The students of simulation group (group S) were lectured with simulation-based medical education method,while the students of control group (group C) were lectured with tradition education method.Results the practice examination record and satisfaction degree for teaching in group S were both higher than that in group C (P＜0.05).Conclusion The simulation-based medical education was better than tradition education method on training of anesthesia emergency skills for oversea students.The simulation-based medical education may raise the learning interest of oversea students obviously,and it is beneficial to students' mastery of practice skills.

Objective To analyze risk factors for surgical site infection(SSI) in cardiac surgery patients,so as to provide basis for making control measures.Methods 215 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in a hospital between January 2012 to December 2014 were investigated,univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the related risk factors for postoperative SSI.Results The incidence of postoperative SSI in cardiac surgery patients was 16.28％ (35/215).Univariate analysis showed that the incidence of postoperative SSI was relatively higher in patients aged＞65 years,duration of operation＞5 hours,continuous operation,preoperative hospitalization time ＞7 days,irrational perioperative antimicrobial use,as well as patients with underlying diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the age,duration of operation,continuous operation,preoperative hospitalization time,irrational perioperative use of antimicrobial agents,and patients with underlying diseases were independent risk factors for SSI in patients who underwent cardiac surgery.Conclusion Incidence of SSI is higher in patients with cardiac surgery,preventive measures should be taken to control risk factors such as duration of operation,so as to reduce the incidence of SSI.

Objective:To explore the effects of dexmedetomidine on the blood glucose,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in perioperative patients with neurosurgery.Methods:50 patients with meningioma who were ready to accept craniotomy in department of neurosurgery of our hospital from February 2016 to November 2016 were enrolled,they were randomly divided into research group and control group,with 25 patients in each group.The research group was given DEX 1.0 μg/kg at 10 min before anesthesia,which was added in 0.9％ sodium chloride injection 50 mL,the injection was finished in 10 min,then the DEX change to the rate of 0.5 μg/kg/h.Control group was given 0.9％ sodium chloride injection with constant rate and volume.Record heart rate (HR),mean arterial pressure (MAP) and blood glucose,serum TNF-α,IL-6 levels of the two groups at 10min before anesthesia(T1),after the anesthesia (T2),the beginning of surgery(T3),1 hour after the surgery beginning(T4),the end of surgery(T5).Results:Compared with T1,HR of the two groups at T2 and T3 raised significantly,but research group was lower than control group(P＜0.05);In research group,compared with T1,MAP at T3 raised significantly;in control group,compared with T1,MAP at T3 and T4 raised significantly,but MAP of research group at T3 and T4 were lower than control group (P＜0.05).Compared with T1,blood glucose of the two groups at T2,T3,T4 and T5 raised sig-nificantly,but the research group at same points were lower than control group (P＜0.05).Serum TNF-α,IL-6 levels of control group at T2,T3 and T4 were significantly higher than T1 (P＜0.05),which in research group at different time points had no significant change (P＞0.05),and were lower than control group at T2,T3 and T4 (P＜0.05).Conclusion:DEX could maintain stable hemodynamics,antiinflammation,inhibit elevated blood glucose,so as to reduce the inflammatory response and stress response in patients with neurosurgery,then it could promote these patients postoperative recovery.

Objective To investigate the effect of glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids and icodextrin-based peritoneal dial-ysis fluids on the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on huamn peritoneal mesothelial cells .Methods Human peritoneal mesothelial cell line 5 - 10 generations(HMrSV5) was cultured in DMEM /F12 medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal calf serum (FCS) .Cell viability and cell proliferation were assessed using M TT method .The experiment were divided into 5 different groups :group A (control group) ,1 .5% dextrose group ,2 .5% dextrose group ,4 .25% dextrose group and 7 .5% Lcodextrin group .Icodextrin group (aikau dextrin) ,TLR2 and TLR4 expression were detected by Western blot .Results Treatment with different concentrations of glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids for 24 h did not affect the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 protein .In addition ,after stimula-tion for 48 h ,1 .5% dextrose ,2 .5% dextrose ,4 .25% dextrose decreased TLR2 expression by (5 .5 ± 2 .8)% ,(31 .4 ± 7 .5)% , (54 .9 ± 1 .9)% respectively ,TLR4 expression by (32 .9 ± 17 .6)% ,(47 .7 ± 13 .5)% ,(66 .4 ± 13 .5)% respectively .Stimulation for 72 h ,decreased TLR2 expression by (29 .4 ± 14 .7)% ,(38 .9 ± 9 .9)% ,(63 .5 ± 16 .5)% respectively ,TLR4 expression by(59 .5 ± 16 .8)% ,(63 .1 ± 9 .5)% ,(79 .2 ± 14 .0)% respectively .There was no significant change in TLR2 and TLR4 protein expression on 7 .5% icodextrin group .Conclusion Glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids ,but not icodextrin-based peritoneal dialysis fluids downregulates expression of TLR2 and TLR4 by HM rSV5 .

Objective To evaluate the changes in the expression of CXCR3 in regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the renal tissues of mice with renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury .Methods Forty-eight SPF male C57BL/6J mice ,aged 8-12 yr ,weighing 20-25 g ,were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=16 each ) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S) ,group I/R and CD25 monoclonal antibody PC61 group (group P) . Bilateral kidneys were exposed and their pedicles were occluded for 45 min with atraumatic mini-clamp followed by 72 h reperfusion .PC61 250 μg was injected intraperitoneally at 24 h before the model was established .Blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava at 24 and 72 h of reperfusion (T1 ,2 ) for determination of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations .Bilateral kidneys were obtained for determination of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg count and CXCR3+ CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg count in renal tissues and the pathological changes of the kidney were scored .Results Compared with group S , the serum BUN and Cr concentrations and pathological scores were significantly increased at T1 ,2 in I/R and P groups ,and the number of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg and CXCR3+ CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg was increased at T2 in I/R group ( P<0.05) .Compared with group I/R ,the serum BUN and Cr concentrations and pathological scores were significantly increased at T2 ,and the number of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg and CXCR3+ CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg was decreased at T2 in P group ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Up-regulation of CXCR3 is helpful in migration of Tregs into the renal tissues of mice with renal I/R injury .

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of Shugan Yiyang Capsules in the treatment of asthenospermia and its action mechanisms.

METHODSWe randomly assigned 135 asthenospermia patients to groups A (n = 47), B (n = 45), and C (n = 43) to be treated with Shugan Yiyang Capsules, oral levocarnitine, or combination of the two. We observed sperm quality and the level of α-glucosidase in the seminal plasma before and after medication.

RESULTSThe total effectiveness rate was 70.21% in group A (markedly effective in 16 cases and effective in 17), 68.89% in group B (markedly effective in 15 cases and effective in 16), and 83.72% in group C (markedly effective in 16 cases and effective in 20), significantly higher in C than in A and B (P < 0.05). Both sperm quality and the level of α-glucosidase in the seminal plasma were improved in the three groups of patients, most obviously in group C.

CONCLUSIONShugan Yiyang Capsules can be used for the treatment of asthenospermia, and its effect can be enhanced in combination with oral levocarnitine.

Asthenozoospermia ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Biomedical Research ; Capsules ; Carnitine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Semen ; enzymology ; Spermatozoa ; alpha-Glucosidases ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) modified bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA) on the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs).

METHODSHRMCs were cultured in vitro with medium containing different doses of AGE-BSA or BSA (50,100, 200, 400 mg/L) for 48 hours, or with AGE-BSA (200 mg/L) for different times (12, 24, 48, 72 h). Immunocytochemistry assay was used to estimate the protein level of RAGE. The ROS in cells were measured by flow cytometry and the mRNA expression of MCP-1 were analyzed by semi-quantiative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after treatment with AGE-BSA or BSA.

RESULTSThe protein level of RAGE was upregulated in the HRMCs with AGE-BSA. The expression of ROS and MCP-1 significantly enhanced by incubation of AGE-BSA in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The effects of AGE-BSA-induced up-regulation of ROS and MCP-1 level was significantly blocked by neutralizing antibodies to RAGE, while the expression of ROS and MCP-1 stood nearly unchanged after cultured with huamn IgG.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of ROS and MCP-1 in HRMCs is induced by AGE-BSA through RAGE, which may have potential effects in the pathgenic mechanism of diabetic nephropathy.

Cells, Cultured ; Chemokine CCL2 ; metabolism ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mesangial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; Receptors, Immunologic ; metabolism ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; pharmacology

SCHWABE Company in German is the first and largest manufacturer of Ginkgo biloba preparation. The company not only has leading technology in this field, but also protects its own market effectively through the high quality of patent drafting and exactly patent layout. Based on multi-angle analysis for patent portfolio of G. biloba preparation at application time, legal status, globally layout, Chinese layout, the article provides technical reference of research and development of G. biloba, also provides valuable experience of traditonal Chinese medicine patent portfolio layout for Chinese enterprises.
Drug Industry ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; trends ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Humans ; Patents as Topic ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Phytotherapy ; economics ; trends ; Plant Preparations ; isolation & purification ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; trends

Objective　To investigate the effects of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) on recovery of small intestinal epithelia from radiation injury in mice. Methods　Mice received a single 8 Gy dose of total body irradiation from 60Co gamma ray followed by treatment with GLP-2 or vehicle. DNA and protein content in small intestinal mucosa were measured, and small intestine was processed for histological examination with light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Results　Small intestinal mucosal DNA and protein content, villus height, and villus number significantly decreased in irradiated mice, partial villus tips were ulcerated. GLP-2 administration caused increase in DNA and protein content, villus height, and villus number as compared with irradiated control group. Meanwhile, the villus tips were lack of ulceration. Conclusion　GLP-2 can promote recovery of small intestinal epithelia from radiation injury in mice.