Radiotherapy is one of the most important treatment methods for esophageal carcinoma. However, radiation resistance is the biggest problem and obstacle for patients with esophageal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy. Radiosensitivity is the focus and difficulty in the study of tumor radiobiology. A variety of genes and their expression products affect the radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma. Consequently, if the genes and biomarkers that determine radiosensitivity can be detected before radiotherapy, it will play a vital role in investigating the mechanism of radiotherapy sensitization, targeted therapy and radiotherapy efficacy prediction to guide individual therapy. In this article, major genes and biomarkers associated with esophageal carcinoma radiosensitivity in recent years were reviewed from different signal transduction pathways.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy with preoperative intravitreal injection of Bavacizumab (Avastin )for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Methods 42 cases (50 eyes )with severe proliferative diabetis retinopathy treatment by vitrectomy with preoperative intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab (Avastin )were analyzed retrospectively.10～14 days before vitrectomy, intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab (Avastin )1.25mg/0.05ml was performed on all 50 eyes. 7 eyes with traction retinal detachment and severe macular edema were tamponed with silicon iol. 43 eyes with regional tractional retinal detachment and retinal hole were tamponed with gas.Results 50 eyes had little hemorrhage during vitrectomy with intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab (Avastin ). The retinal are all reattatched after the operation. No more severe inflammatory reaction occured after vitrectomy. The intraocular pressure was under controlled.And there were no side effect in oil eyes.Conclusion Intravitreal injection of Bavacizumab (Avastin ) 10～14 days before vitrectomy for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy can reduce the risk of hemorrhage during the operation and complication after the operation and improve the corrective eyesight after the operation.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single dose of intramuscularly injected methotrexate(MTX)in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy so as to provide theoretical bases for the choice dosage regimen.METHODS:Serum concentration of MTX in 8 cases with ectopic pregnancy were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay after injected i.m with single dose MTX(50mg/m2);The ?-HCG was monitored both before and after treatment and the lump sizes of the ectopic pregnancy were determined by B ultrasound.RESULTS:The pharmacokinetics of single dose of intramuscularly injected MTX conformed to two-compartment open model;Cmax occurred at 1.9h after drug taking with 2.31 ?mol/L;The time for the recovery of ?-HCG to normal was(24.8?10)days,the patency rate of oviducts of those who demanding procreation was 75%.CONCLUSION:Injection intramuscularly with single dose of MTX 50mg/m2 is effective in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the expression of nerve growth factor(NGF)in the adrenaline medullary chromaffin cells(AMCC)and the morphological and functional changes in AMCC of asthmatic rats.Methods The 32 SD rats were randomly divided into two groups:control group(n=8)and asthma group(n=8).Asthma models were established by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin(OVA).By means of immunohistochemistry(SP)combined with the micro-image analysis to investigate the alterations of NGF immunoreactivity in asthmatic rats and by means of light microscopy and electron microscopy to investigate the ultrastructural changes in AMCC,and detect the concentration of adrenaline and noradrenaline in serum by enzyme-linked- immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The positive immunoreactivity was increased in asthmatic AMCC compared with the controls(P

The effects of magnolol (Mag) on hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia, hepatic oxidative stress and cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) activity of diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) were studied. After oral administration of Mag (25, 50 and 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for continuous 10 weeks, the blood glucose and lipids (TC, TG and LDL-C) levels, as well as the hepatic CYP2E1 activity and MDA content of diabetic rats, decreased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), whereas the oral glucose tolerance and hepatic antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT and GSH-Px) of diabetic rats, increased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The results indicated that Mag was effective against the hepatic oxidative damage, hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia of diabetic rats induced by HFD and STZ, and the inhibition of Mag on hepatic CYP2E1 activity could be an important mechanism of Mag against hepatic insulin resistance and oxidative damage.
Animals ; Biphenyl Compounds ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lignans ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Liver ; metabolism ; Magnolia ; chemistry ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Streptozocin ; Triglycerides ; blood

Objective To analyse the difference between stage Ⅰ pure bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and stage Ⅰ adenocarcinoma of the lung among operative cases.Methods We use the Lobectomy Cases Registration and Statistics System database (2006-2011) to compare the epidemiology,clinical presentation,image characteristics,surgical outcomes,recurrence and overall survival between BAC and adenocarcinoma groups.All the patients received lobectomy procedure in the department of thoracic surgery of Peking University People' s Hospital.Results Excluding those cases with both BAC and adenocarcinoma aspects,337 patients were enrolled.Thirty-nine patients were stage Ⅰ pure BAC and 298 patients were stage Ⅰadenocarcinoma.BAC has its proper clinical spectrum,occurring more frequently in women (69.2％ vs.52.0％,P =0.042)and in younger patients (57.4 vs.61.8,P =0.014).BAC also seems to be less dependent on tobacco exposure (12.8％ vs.29.9％,P =0.026).The percentage of ground-glass opacity (GGO) in CT scan of BAC patients was much more than that registered in adenocarcinoma patients (35.9％ vs.9.7％,P ＜0.001).And the tumor size of BAC group was smaller than that of the adenocarcinoma group (1.4 cm vs.2.3 cm,P ＜0.001).The operation method,time,blood loss and complications were similar between the two groups.Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that both 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly higher in patients affected by BAC (100％ vs.76.1％,P =0.030 and 100％ vs.86.1％,P =0.041).Conclusion BAC presents specificity in its epidemical,clinical,radiological and evolutionary aspects.Stage Ⅰ pure BAC patients have better prognosis following video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy and system lymph node dissection than the similar stage adenocarcinoma patients.

Recent studies have showed that nanotechnology pro-vides a new revolution for the treatment of complex,refractory autoimmune or inflammatory diseases.Nanoparticles combined with specific autoantigens can restore the peripheral tolerance and reduce immunopathological damage in a variety of autoimmune disease models.In this paper,we review the progress and trends of nanomedcine for treatment of autoimmune or inflammatory dis-eases as immunomodulatory therapy from the physical and chemi-cal characteristics of nanoparticles,the route of administration, and the role and mechanism of induction or reconstitution of im-mune tolerance,which provides a theoretical basis for seeking new treatments to treat inflammatory diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of types of pinch on the measurement of pinch strength in healthy young subjects.Methods All anthropometric factors of 20 right-handed young volunteers(10 males,and 10 females)were recorded.Their pinch strength in 3 types(I.e.Pulp2,Chuck,and Lateral)were measured with digital pinch dynamometer in standardized position.Results For both genders,the pinch strength of Lateral was the largest,followed by Chuck,Pulp2 and the dominant hand was stronger(P<0.01).Men were stronger than women in all types of pinch strength(P<0.01).Correlation among the 3 types of pinch strength were presented(r=0.568～0.707,P<0.01).The correlation were found between the pinch strength of 3 types and weight in women(r=0.764～0.807).No correlation has been found among the pinch strength of 3 types and age,height,the thickness of palm in both the males and the females.Conclusion The sex and types of pinch significantly impact pinch strength in healthy young subjects,but the correlation between pinch strength and anthropometry should be further surveyed.

Objective To observe the effect of resveratrol on arterial remodeling in spontaneous hypertensive rats.Methods Spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs, n=20) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs, n =10) were randomly assigned to three groups: control group, model group and resveratrol group.Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the three groups was observed.Morphological observations were obtained by hematoxylin and eosin or victoria blue and picrosirius red.The content of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were determined to assess the endothelial function.Oxidative stress was assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) , and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).Results Compared with control group, SBP, PWV, wall thickness, wall-lumen ratio,vascular cross-sectional area (VCSA), luminal cross-sectional area (LCSA) and collagen-elastic ratio were increased, and the levels of NO, SOD, CAT in rat aortic tissues were decreased, while ET-1,MDA, H2O2 levels in rat aortic tissues were enhanced in model group at the end of 22 weeks.After the treatment of resveratrol, SBP had no significantly difference between model and resveratrol groups, while PWV, aortic wall thickness, wall-lumen ratio, VCSA, LCSA and collagen-elastic ratio were decreased in resveratrol group as compared with model group [(6681.1 ± 2154.9) cm/s vs.(4283.1±946.1) cm/s, (234.7±51.8) μm vs.(123.4±21.5)μm, (10.3±2.3) ％ vs.(5.8±1.4) ％, (6.4±0.4) mm2 vs.(4.8±0.6) mm2, (4.1±0.1) mm2 vs.(3.2±0.4) mm2, (1.1±0.3) vs.(0.4±0.2), P＜0.05 or 0.01].Compared with model group, the expressions of NO, SOD, CAT in rat aortic tissues were increased and levels of ET-1, MDA, H2 O2 in rat aortic tissues were decreased in resveratrol group after treatment of resveratrol (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Conclusions Resveratrol has an antioxidant effect, and it could attenuate arterial remodeling by improving oxidative stress.

OBJECTIVE To get knowledge of the drugs resistance change of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care unit (ICU) from 2001 to 2006, so as to offer the first-hand information to the clinical preventive and therapeutic countermeasures. METHODS The P. aeruginosa antimicrobial susceptibility tests to 15 commonly used antibiotics were performed from 2001 to 2006. RESULTS The most frequent isolates were P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii in 2001-2004. Staphylococcus aureus was more than A. baumannii in 2006, and became the major isolated pathogen in the sputum of the ICU patients. The multi-resistant P. aeruginosa increased yearly, and drugs susceptibility to carbapenem had decreased sharply in the past 6 years. CONCLUSIONS It was showed that P. aeruginosa is the major pathogen in the ICU, and the pathogens show the high drug resistance. Doctors should pay more attention to analyze the bacterial resistance profile in order to decrease the incidence of drug resistance and use the antibiotics properly.