Purpose::To identify the risk factors for training-related lower extremity muscle injuries in young males by a non-invasive method of body composition analysis.Methods::A total of 282 healthy young male volunteers aged 18 -20 years participated in this cohort study. Injury location, degree, and injury rate were adjusted by a questionnaire based on the overuse injury assessment methods used in epidemiological studies of sports injuries. The occurrence of training injuries is monitored and diagnosed by physicians and treated accordingly. The body composition was measured using the BodyStat QuadScan 4000 multifrequency Bio-impedance system at 5, 50, 100 and 200 kHz to obtain 4 impedance values. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check whether the data conformed to a normal distribution. Data of normal distribution were shown as mean ± SD and analyzed by t-test, while those of non-normal distribution were shown as median (Q 1, Q 3) and analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test. The receiver operator characteristic curve and logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate risk factors for developing training-related lower extremity injuries and accuracy. Results::Among the 282 subjects, 78 (27.7%) developed training injuries. Lower extremity training injuries revealed the highest incidence, accounting for 23.4% (66 cases). These patients showed higher percentages of lean body mass ( p = 0.001), total body water (TBW, p=0.006), extracellular water ( p=0.020) and intracellular water ( p=0.010) as well as a larger ratio of basal metabolic rate/total weight ( p=0.006), compared with those without lower extremity muscle injuries. On the contrary, the percentage of body fat ( p=0.001) and body fat mass index ( p=0.002) were lower. Logistic regression analysis showed that TBW percentage > 65.35% ( p=0.050, odds ratio =3.114) and 3rd space water > 0.95% ( p=0.045, odds ratio =2.342) were independent risk factors for lower extremity muscle injuries. Conclusion::TBW percentage and 3rd space water measured with bio-impedance method are potential risk factors for predicting the incidence of lower extremity muscle injuries in young males following training.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic process and outcomes of patients with aplastic anemia (AA) who received outpatient treatment in a real-world setting.Methods:The diagnostic processes, treatment regimens, and outcomes of 176 patients with AA treated in outpatient centers from January 2018 to December 2019 were reviewed.Results:The median interval from the onset of symptoms to the first visit was 7 (5-120) months. Complaints during the first visit included bleeding (52.3% ) , anemia (51.7% ) , and infection (6.8% ) . For diagnosis, 168 patients (95.5% ) underwent bone marrow aspiration; however, only 22 of them (17.1% ) consented aspiration in multiple sites (sternum) . The completion rate of bone marrow biopsy was 85.1% (143/168) ; flow immunophenotype and karyotype analyses were performed on 59.5% (100/168) and 58.9% (99/168) of AA patients, respectively, and the culture of clonal forming units by bone marrow mononuclear cells was performed on 26.8% (45/168) of AA patients. The most preferred regimen was cyclosporine combined with androgen and levamisole (43.8% , 77 patients) , followed by cyclosporine combined with androgen (25.6% , 45 patients) . Cyclosporine alone was administered in 24 patients (13.6% ) and androgen alone in 16 patients (9.1% ) . Furthermore, 14 patients (7.9% ) did not consent to any drugs or only chose traditional Chinese medicine. The patients were divided according to the frequencies of follow-up: regular follow-up group (≥4 times/year, n=130) and irregular group (<4 times/year, n=46) . The former had a higher 6-month remission rate (52.5% vs 28.0% , P=0.005) , a greater high-quality remission rate in 12 months (40.7% vs 16.7% , P=0.027) , and a lower relapse rate in 24 months (4.4% vs 36.4% , P=0.001) . Conclusion:In real-world settings, bone marrow aspiration in multiple sites should be addressed in outpatient treatment for AA diagnostic work-up, including PNH clone screening, flow immunophenotype, chromosome karyotype analysis, and culture of clonal forming units. Patients with AA who follow regular visits were more likely to achieve high-quality remission and a lower relapse rate. Visits at least four times per year are recommended for AA patients undergoing outpatient treatment.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) and clinical manifestations of children with moyamoya disease (MMD), and to explore the value of EEG in the clinical diagnosis of childhood MMD.Methods:Twelve children indicated as cerebrovascular diseases by EEG and later diagnosed with MMD by head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in Wuhan Children′s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2012 to June 2019 were enrolled in this study.Their EEG and clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Nine cases were male and 3 cases were female, with the onset age of 3.0-8.7 years old.Ten cases were taken to the hospital because of paroxysmal limb weakness on one side or both sides, 1 case was because of paroxysmal fall, and 1 case was because of paroxysmal posture abnormalities.EEG background activities of 12 cases were normal.Interictal EEG was normal in 8 cases, borderline in 1 case, and abnormal in 3 cases (1 case had many slow waves in bilateral anterior head, and its number significantly increased during the awakening period; 1 case had a great many irregular delta slow waves on bilateral prefrontal cortex, showing significant aggravation during the awakening period; 1 case had many multifocal delta slow waves especially in the right frontopolar region). The hyperventilation (HV) induction test was abnormal, and rebuild-up of slow waves was noted in 4 cases.The focal delta slow waves (especially in the anterior head) developed to diffuse slow waves after stopping HV for 0.5 to 1.0 minutes, and lasted for 5 to 9 minutes after relief of symptoms.The delayed disappearance of asymmetric focal slow waves was noted in 8 cases.Focal slow waves (especially in anterior head) developed to diffuse slow waves at 1.5 to 2.0 minutes after HV initiation, and lasted for 5 to 10 minutes in total.Among them, 1 case pre-sented no obvious accompanying symptoms during HV, while 11 cases showed transient ischemic symptoms that were basically consistent with the chief complaint.The duration of symptoms was much shorter than the appearance of slow waves in EEG.Besides, brain MRI of 3 cases suggested local malacia lesions or abnormal signals, especially in parietal and basal ganglia areas.The high signal shadow was observed in the sulcus of bilateral cerebral hemispheres on the fluid attenuating inversion recovery sequence of one case.All of 12 cases were proved to MMD by head MRA.Conclusions:Clinical symptoms of children with MMD are paroxysmal limb weakness.Rebuild-up of slow waves or the delayed disappea-rance of focal slow waves is highly suggestive of MMD.These 2 kinds of abnormal EEG patterns sustain over long periods of time.Focal slow waves (especially in anterior head) develop to diffuse slow waves, and lastly decrease to focal slow waves in anterior head.

Life may have begun in an RNA world, which is supported by increasing evidence of the vital role that RNAs perform in biological systems. In the human genome, most genes actually do not encode proteins; they are noncoding RNA genes. The largest class of noncoding genes is known as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are transcripts greater in length than 200 nucleotides, but with no protein-coding capacity. While some lncRNAs have been demonstrated to be key regulators of gene expression and 3D genome organization, most lncRNAs are still uncharacterized. We thus propose several data mining and machine learning approaches for the functional annotation of human lncRNAs by leveraging the vast amount of data from genetic and genomic studies. Recent results from our studies and those of other groups indicate that genomic data mining can give insights into lncRNA functions and provide valuable information for experimental studies of candidate lncRNAs associated with human disease.
Autism Spectrum Disorder ; genetics ; Data Mining ; Genomics ; Humans ; Machine Learning ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; analysis ; physiology ; Support Vector Machine

Bile acid as a signaling molecule can specifically bind to bile acid receptors (such as farnesoid X receptor and G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor) to mediate a series of biological regulation reactions. In recent years, it has been found that bile acids are widely involved in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and energy metabolism. The development of metabolic diseases is usually accompanied by the changes of bile acid profiles and receptors, and thus bile acids may be applied as potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis, prediction, and evaluation of therapeutic effects. This article reviews the relationship between bile acids and metabolic diseases, and the treatment of metabolic diseases based on the regulation of bile acid metabolism.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of ictal and interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) and clinical manifestation in children with startle epilepsy. Methods The age of onset, inducing factors, the types of attacks, EEG features, cognitive function, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed in 8 cases of children with startle epilepsy from June 6, 2012 to March 2016. Results In 8 cases, 3 cases were male and 5 were female. The onset age was from 2.3 to 8.1 years old. The forms of onset were varied from generalized (tonic, myoclonic, atonic) to partial seizures (the asymmetry of posture rigidity, spasm). The most common ictal EEG finding was a diffuse electrodecremental pattern (5 cases), and the interictal EEG showed a large number of multifocal, generalized spines, slow waves and multiple spinous waves. There was one case with no history of brain injury while the other 7 cases had a history of brain injury. There were 7 cases with imaging abnormality, and the lesions of the frontal, parietal and temporal regions were indicated with a partial cerebral softening and brain atrophy. In 7 cases, all children had abnormal mental and motor development, and 1 case had normal cognitive function. The 7 cases with shock epilepsy showed no obvious response to the treatment of multiple antiepileptic drugs, and 1 case had no clinical onset after 2 months of treatment with VPA. Conclusions Startle epilepsy is mostly symptomatic, and few are non-symptomatic. The former had history of brain structure abnormalities, certain degree of motor retardation and mental disability, and no clinical response to antiepileptic drug therapy. The latter had basically normal cognitive function, and antiepileptic drug VPA treatment is effective. The degree of interictal epileptic was not an indicator of cognitive impairment and prognosis in children with startle epilepsy.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet on patients with drug-resistant epilepsy over a period of 1 year and 8 months. Methods: Patients with refractory epilepsy on a medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet were prospectively enrolled. Their clinical condition and the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet were followed-up every month for 1 year. Adverse events and the reasons for discontinuing the diet were recorded. Results: Fifty-three patients (27 males and 26 females) were enrolled. At the end of the study, 21 patients remained on the diet, 14 of whom were followed-up for 1 year. Among the 53 patients, 22.6% had a more than 50% reduction in seizure frequency, and 16.9% became seizure-free. Conclusions: After a 1-year follow-up, the use of a medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy was found to be a safe and effective therapy, and may be considered to bean alternative for patients with difficult-to-control seizures in children as well as young adults.
Epilepsy

Objective To investigate the incidence of gluteal muscle contracture(GMC) of students in 18 primary and secondary schools in Rongchang county .Methods We used health screening tests to investigate students′health condition about gait and knee squat ,snapping levy ,obber levy ,hip muscles ,the hip joint activities .Results Among the 15 000 students in 18 primary and second‐ary schools in Rongchang county ,25 case(1 .67‰)were diagnosed with GMC ,70% of them had received muscular injection and 40% of them were Left‐behind children .Conclusion The incidence rate of GMC in Rongchang county is appropriate to other parts of our country ,the disease should be strengthened to prevent and treat .

Drug Contamination ; Staining and Labeling ; methods